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Soleno Therapeutics, Inc.10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,10K 1 f10k2019_inmunebioinc.htm ANNUAL REPORTUNITED STATESSECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSIONWashington, D.C. 20549FORM 10K☒ANNUAL REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the fiscal year ended: December 31, 2019☐TRANSITION REPORT UNDER SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934For the transition period from ____________ to ___________Commission file number: 00138793INMUNE BIO INC.(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)Nevada475205835(State or other jurisdiction ofincorporation or organization)(I.R.S. EmployerIdentification No.)INMUNE BIO INC.David Moss1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525La Jolla, CA 92037Phone: (858) 964 3720(Address of principal executive offices)(Zip Code)(858) 964 3720(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act: NoneSecurities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:Title of each className of Market Where TradedCommon Stock ($.001 par value)The Nasdaq Stock Market LLCIndicate by check mark if the registrant is a wellknown seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes ☐ No ☒Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes ☐No ☒Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during thepreceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for thepast 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation ST (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes ☒ No ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a nonaccelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerginggrowth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b2 ofthe Exchange Act.Large accelerated filer☐Accelerated filer☐Nonaccelerated filer☒Smaller reporting company☒Emerging Growth Company☒If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revisedfinancial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒The aggregate market value of the registrant's common stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was approximately $35 million as of the last business day of theregistrant's most recently completed second fiscal quarter (June 30, 2019), based upon the closing sale price for the registrant's common stock on that day asreported by the NASDAQ Capital Market. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director of the registrant on June 30, 2019 have been excluded in thatsuch persons may be deemed to be affiliates.As of March 3, 2020, there are 10,746,948 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value per share outstanding.FORM 10KFOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019TABLE OF CONTENTSItem Number and CaptionPageForwardLooking Statements1PART I1. Business11A. Risk Factors331B. Unresolved Staff Comments542. Properties543.Legal Proceedings544. Mine Safety Disclosures54PART II5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities556. Selected Financial Data567.Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations577A.Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk688.Financial Statements and Supplementary Data699. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting, and Financial Disclosure709A.Controls and Procedures709B.Other Information70PART III10.Directors, Executive Officers, and Corporate Governance7111.Executive Compensation7712.Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters8113.Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence8214.Principal Accounting Fees and Services83PART IV15.Exhibits8416.Form 10K Summary85Signatures86iPART IAll brand names or trademarks appearing in this report are the property of their respective holders. Unless the context requires otherwise, references in thisreport to “INmune Bio” the “Company,” “we,” “us,” and “our” refer to INmune Bio, Inc., a Nevada corporation.FORWARDLOOKING STATEMENTSThis Annual Report on Form 10K (this “Annual Report”) contains “forwardlooking statements” Forwardlooking statements reflect our current viewabout future events. When used in this Report, the words “anticipate,” “believe,” “estimate,” “expect,” “future,” “intend,” “plan,” or the negative of these terms andsimilar expressions, as they relate to us or our management, identify forwardlooking statements. Such statements include, but are not limited to, statementscontained in this Report relating to our business strategy, our future operating results and liquidity and capital resources outlook. Forwardlooking statements arebased on our current expectations and assumptions regarding our business, the economy and other future conditions. Because forward–looking statements relate tothe future, they are subject to inherent uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. Our actual results may differ materially fromthose contemplated by the forwardlooking statements. They are neither statements of historical fact nor guarantees of assurance of future performance. We cautionyou therefore against relying on any of these forwardlooking statements. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those in theforwardlooking statements include, without limitation, our ability to raise capital to fund continuing operations; our ability to protect our intellectual propertyrights; the impact of any infringement actions or other litigation brought against us; competition from other providers and products; our ability to develop andcommercialize products and services; changes in government regulation; our ability to complete capital raising transactions; and other factors (including the riskscontained in the section of this Annual Report entitled “Risk Factors”) relating to our industry, our operations and results of operations. Actual results may differsignificantly from those anticipated, believed, estimated, expected, intended or planned.Factors or events that could cause our actual results to differ may emerge from time to time, and it is not possible for us to predict all of them. We cannotguarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. Except as required by applicable law, including the securities laws of the United States, wedo not intend to update any of the forwardlooking statements to conform these statements to actual results.Item 1. BusinessOur StrategyOur objective is to develop and commercialize our product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally andcontributing to the patient’s disease. This can be in cancer where Natural Killer (“NK”) cells are inactive and contribute to a tumor’s evasion of the immune systemand/or disease progression while expression of MUC4 and cells of the tumor microenvironment such as Myeloid Derived Suppressor Cells (“MDSC”) proliferate toprotect the tumor from attack by the patient’s immune system or this can be other diseases such as neurologic and metabolic diseases where chronic inflammationresults in innate immune system dysfunction and disease progression. Our initial focus will be the treatment of cancer, treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease (“AD”) andnonalcoholic steatohepatitis (“NASH”). In cancer, we plan to pursue two parallel development programs: (1) with INKmune we will initially focus on treatingresistant disease women with relapse refractory ovarian carcinoma and patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (high risk MDS); (2) with INB03, we willtreat patients with advanced cancers with elevated biomarkers of inflammation in their blood and evidence of disease that is resistant to immunotherapy includingwomen with metastatic HER2+ breast cancer. Our third drug candidate XPro1595, targets Alzheimer’s Disease which we initiated once we received a nondilutivefunding from the Alzheimer’s Association as a $1 million US dollar ParttheCloud Award (as described below). is progressing through Phase I trials. Our fourth drugcandidate, LivNate, will be used to treat patients with NASH. The principal components of our strategy to achieve this objective are to:●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of oncology patients with our lead product candidates,INKmune and INB03;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases in patients with our leadproduct candidates, XPro1595;●pursue development strategies and regulatory approval pathways that allow the treatment of NASH in patients with our lead product candidates,LivNate;●adopt a product development strategy that solidifies our existing intellectual property (“IP”) to prevent competition and expand our IP suite intorelated immunotherapeutic areas;●provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payers, such as managed care companies or government programs like Medicare, to meritreimbursement for our product candidates; and●Collaborate with other pharmaceutical companies with respect to, among other things, our INKmune and the DNTNF platform that includes INB03,XPro 1595 and LivNate product candidates and other products that will benefit from development or marketing beyond our current resources.1Pursue development and regulatory approval pathways. We believe INKmune, INB03 and XPro1595 may be approvable under pathways that arepotentially shorter than those typically available for drug products based on novel active ingredients, including as an orphan drug under the Orphan Drug Act andapproval under the Food and Drug Administration (the “FDA”) Accelerated Approval Program (see “Government Regulation”). We have not yet had a discussionwith the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”) and/or FDA regarding such designation, but plan to do so in 2020. We believe both ourINB03 HER2+ metastatic breast cancer program, high risk MDS and ovarian carcinoma treatment programs fit the criteria used by the FDA to grant these regulatorydesignations. We believe that it would take a minimum of six months to receive Orphan Drug status once we submit an application and a minimum of 12 months toreceive a designation once we submit an application. We might never have these discussions, submit applications under the Orphan Drug Act as the FDAAccelerated Approval Program or have these applications approved if we do.Adopt a twopronged patent strategy. We are pursuing a twopronged product development strategy that will seek to solidify our existing IP to preventcompetition and expand our IP suite into related immunotherapeutic areas. We are confident that our core inlicensed IP (see “Intellectual Property”) will allow usboth freedomtooperate and provide robust protection from outside competition. We will continue to invest in expanding our patent suite. We will also seek tofurther to strengthen our IP position by looking to inlicense IP related to immunotherapeutic strategies focused on the innate immune system.Provide clear value propositions to thirdparty payors to merit reimbursement for our product candidates. We are designing our clinical developmentprograms to demonstrate compelling, competitive advantages to patients and prescribers, and to demonstrate value propositions to thirdparty payors. We believethe use of INKmune and/or INB03 in patients with a high risk of tumor progression and death from tumor should prolong survival, improve the patient’s quality oflife and decrease the total cost of care for patients with these lethal malignancies. For example, ovarian cancer patients relapse frequently. Each relapse requires anexpensive, hospitalbased treatment regimen that has decreasing benefits. Treatment with INKmune as an outpatient may provide a more durable remission and limitthe need for treatmentassociated hospitalizations. At the patient level, we believe INKmune and INB03 therapy, once approved, should improve survival andquality of life. At the payor level, we believe INKmune, once approved, should provide more predictable costs and outcomes. Therapies for Alzheimer’s disease areneeded for medical, social and economic reasons. The cost of Alzheimer’s disease to the government is large and growing. The cost to families and care givers is realand burdensome. We believe treatment of patients with dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, may provide a strategy to alter the costly dynamic of this disease insociety today. NASH, a silent epidemic in the US due to the high incidence of obesity, is expected to be the most common cause of liver transplant 2030. There areno approved therapies for the NASH at this time.Collaborate to maximize the value of our technology. We believe there are two reasons for us to enter collaborations with other companies. The first is thefurther development of INKmune, INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 by either providing additional innovations to the product, including combination therapy strategies,and/or providing resources to improve the speed and breadth of the development process. The second is to optimize the commercialization of our products eitherglobally or regionally. The ideal partner will benefit us in both ways.We continue to look for ways to utilize our unique capabilities to optimize clinical application of cell therapies. We believe that we have identified a way tomanufacture human mesenchymal stem cells for the medical research and biotech community that offers large volumes of highquality, low passage human umbilicalcord mesenchymal stem cells with minimal batchtobatch variability. We believe this may solve the problem associated with supplying an adequate supply ofhuman mesenchymal stem cells for clinical applications. The process to produce pooled, human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells was developed at UniversityCollege London. We have established a reliable supply of human umbilical cords based on our agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank in the UnitedKingdom. We have developed a validated manufacturing process that reliably produces contract manufacturer of the clinical grade (“cGMP”) quality mesenchymalstem cells. The manufacturing process can be performed at a contract manufacturing site under the direction of Mark Lowdell, the Company’s CSO. We havenegotiated an exclusive 10year license to the manufacturing process from University College London Business, the licensing organization of University CollegeLondon. We will seek academic laboratories and biopharma companies who need a reliable source of high quality pooled human umbilical cord mesenchymal stemcells for research of and development of clinical products. Once identified, we plan to act as a cGMP for the development of therapeutic products by utilizingcontract manufacturers. Because the production of the product is not continuous, we do not expect to engage a contract manufacturer until we have a customeridentified. We have identified several contract manufacturers in the UK that have the capability to produce cGMP stem cells. We expect the commercial arrangementwith academic laboratories or biopharma companies to be a combination of feeforservice and licensing that does not require additional investment by us. We willbe opportunistic in pursuing therapeutic opportunities for our own portfolio with this platform in the future if resources become available. The regulatory path fortherapeutic applications of the mesenchymal stem cell products is well established and similar to the regulatory approval process for other cell therapies. We willonly be responsible for regulatory compliance related to manufacturing of the mesenchymal stem cells when the product is being developed by a third party. Whendeveloping a therapeutic product for the Company’s commercial portfolio, the Company will be responsible for all aspects of the regulatory process.2Overview of Immunotherapy for CancerThe immune system has two parts, innate and adaptive. The innate immune system is the body’s first line of defense against an infection, providingimmediate, nonspecific responses to eliminate harmful cells in the body. Components of the innate immune system include cytokines, chemokines, macrophages,neutrophils and NK cells, among others.The adaptive immune system is often initially triggered by the innate immune system, mounts a delayed response against diseased cells and plays a roleprotecting against reinfection. An adaptive immune response is highly specific to a pathogen or antigen and is developed or learned from prior exposure. Keycomponents of the adaptive immune system include antibodies which bind to antigens and mark them for destruction by other immune cells, Bcells which producethese antibodies upon exposure to antigens, and Tcells which attack and eliminate the diseased cells.The biopharmaceutical industry has made significant advances in harnessing specific components of innate and adaptive immune systems for therapeuticuse. Some of these approaches are summarized below.Cytokines. One of the early applications of immunotherapy is the use of cytokines, including interferons and interleukin2 (“IL2”). Interferons aremolecules that inhibit the growth and replication of diseased cells and stimulate innate immune cells to attack them. They have been used as standard of care forhepatitis B and C and multiple sclerosis, and to a lesser extent, as treatment for certain cancers, including chronic myeloid leukemia, cutaneous Tcell lymphoma,myeloma and nonHodgkin’s lymphoma. However, the use of interferons has generally decreased over the years due to serious adverse events (e.g., flulikesymptoms and dramatic weight loss) and introduction of new therapies with higher efficacy, better safety profiles and more convenient administration althoughAlphainterferon remains the treatment of choice for some hematological conditions such as polycythemia. IL2 activates Tcells and NK cells to attack diseasedcells. IL2 has been used to treat select cancers, but due to its relatively poor safety profile, physicians often only resort to this therapy for the most advancedsettings. Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha (“TNF”) is the focus of INB03. TNF biology has four elements that include two cytokines, soluble TNF and transmembraneTNF (“sTNF” and “tmTNF,” respectively), and two receptors, TNF Receptor 1 and 2 (“TNFR1” and “TNFR2”). The biology of TNF ligation of TNFR variesdramatically based on what elements of the TNF system that are used. sTNF binding to TNFR1 is responsible for inflammation and cell death while sTNF binding toTNFR2 promotes proliferation of regulatory T cells (“Treg”). In patients with advanced cancers, increased sTNF is not favorable to longterm survival. tmTNF canbind either TNFR to improve the immune response, promote cell survival and stimulate remyelination. In brief, sTNF is the “bad” TNF and tmTNF is the “good”TNF. In patients with cancer, infection or neurologic disease, blockade of tmTNF function has negative consequences such as immunosuppression, increasedinfection and demyelination.Antibody therapy. Antibodies exist in three formats; monoclonal (“mAbs”), oligo/polyclonal and antibodydrug conjugates. mAbs represent an effectivetherapeutic modality and are important to the treatment paradigm of various diseases. Drug manufacturers have leveraged mAbs’ ability to induce an antibodydependent cellmediated cytotoxicity, or ADCC effect to develop better treatments that prolong survival and quality of life of patients. In addition, mAbs designedto inhibit specific checkpoints in the immune system have overcome in vivo immune suppression and the resulting immune responses have led to profoundtherapeutic benefit in some patients. However, the degree of efficacy of these therapies is heavily reliant on the immune system of patients, many of whom areseverely immunocompromised. For example, despite over $1.0 billion of sales generated by recently launched PD1 and PDL1 checkpoint inhibitors, they arereported to be generally only effective in approximately 10% to 25% of the addressable patient population. In addition, mAbs are manufactured through a complexprocess that requires purification of cell products created from a cell line. Polyspecific antibodies, for example bispecific antibodies, are able to target more than oneantigen. These are often used to bring and effector T cell in contact with a target cell. Antibody drug conjugates are mAbs attached to a toxin, chemotherapy orradio therapy that delivers the cancer killing payload directly to the cancer.3Dendritic Cell Therapies. This approach is designed to indirectly stimulate a patient’s Tcells by leveraging the role of dendritic cells in presentingantigens to Tcells. Cancer vaccines are the most common application of dendritic cells. The only FDAapproved dendritic cell therapy is PROVENGE, which entailscollecting monocytes from the patient, maturing them into dendritic cells, “loading” ex vivo with the patient’s cancer antigens, and then reinfusing in the patient.Currently, this process is cumbersome and expensive, and again, relies on an intact and effective immune system of the patient. There are additional ongoingpreclinical studies and clinical trials being conducted by our competitors aimed at addressing certain of the limitations associated with this approach. To date,current clinical results of dendritic cell therapies have been mixed.CART and TCR Therapies. Tcells recognize diseased cells by receptors engaging with antigens that are present on or inside the diseased cells. CARTtherapy entails genetically engineering Tcells to express synthetic CARs that direct Tcells to antigens on the surface of cancer cells. TCR therapy modifies Tcellsto express highaffinity tumor specific TCRs that recognize intracellular antigens that must be presented on the surface of target cells. In early clinical trials, CARTand TCR therapies have demonstrated impressive antitumor activity in a narrow spectrum of hematologic cancers and garnered significant attention by researchinstitutions and biopharmaceutical companies. We believe a key limitation of adaptive autologous immunotherapy is the need to retrieve noncompromised immunecells from a cancer patient which requires a complex and costly manufacturing process to develop the therapy. The complexity of this personalized process isreflected in the price of the two approved therapies. CART therapies tisagenlecleucel and axicabtagene ciloleucel for advanced leukemia and lymphomarespectively. The cost of a single therapy is many hundreds of thousands of dollars. As a consequence of this need to harvest active Tcells, current Phase I clinicaltrials for autologous CART cell therapy in large part enroll patients from highly selected, often relatively earlystage disease in a narrow spectrum of cancers,including bulky hematological cancers. In addition, Phase I clinical trials of CART cell immunotherapy have reported severe adverse toxicities of cytokine releasesyndrome and neurotoxicity, requiring hospitalization, preconditioning and, in some instances, intensive care unit admission following side effects associated withcytokine release syndrome. As a result, though our competitors continue to develop their CART and TCR product candidates with the goal of addressing certain ofthe limitations associated with these approaches, we believe these serious challenges may limit their potential and use in a variety of indications, including solidtumors.Checkpoint Inhibitors. Immune cells express proteins that are immune checkpoints that control and downregulate the immune response. These are bestdefined in T lymphocytes and include PD1, CTLA4, TIM3 and LAG3. Tumor cells express the ligands to these receptors. When T cells bind the ligand to theseproteins on the tumor cells, the T cell is turned off and does not attempt to attack the tumor cell. Thus, checkpoint inhibitors (“CPI”) are part of the complex strategyused by the tumor to evade the patient’s immune system and are responsible for resistance to immunotherapy. Biopharmaceutical companies have successfullydeveloped CPI that block the receptor/ligand interaction to promote the adaptive immune response to the tumor. Six CPI are currently approved, pembrolizumab,nivolumab, atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, and ipilimumab for a wide variety of solid tumors including melanoma, lung, bladder, gastric cancers and others.More CPI are in development and more tumor types will be added to the list of sensitive tumors over the next years. CPI have become the backbone of cancertherapy and are expected to be the best selling class of drugs by 2027.NK Cells. NK cells typically represent approximately 2% to 13% of circulating lymphocytes and are a critical component of the immune system responsiblefor innate immunity. Unlike adaptive immune cells, they are ever present and ready to attack, having the inherent ability to detect and eliminate diseased cellswithout the need for antigen presentation, which is why they are called “natural killers.”NK cells bind to stress ligands expressed by the diseased cells and directly eliminate them. This binding induces NK cells to release cytokines, including,interferons and GMCSF, which are integral in recruiting additional innate and adaptive immune responses by the host. NK cells also represent a critical effector cellfor ADCC, whereby target cells bound with human antibodies, whether made by the patient’s body or administered, are selectively destroyed by the NK cells.MDSC Cells: MDSC are present in very low quantities in healthy patients. MDSC develop and proliferate in patients with chronic infection and withcancer. In cancer, MDSC are a unique and welldefined cell population that home to the cancer and secrete immunosuppressive cytokines that provide a protective,immunosuppressive shield to the tumor. This protective immunosuppressive shield prevents the patient’s immune system from attacking the tumor. The presence ofMDSC in the tumor microenvironment and/or circulating in the patient’s blood predict for more advanced disease, resistance to immunotherapy and a worse patientsurvival.4INKmune: Our NK cell Directed Product CandidateINKmune is our lead product candidate that converts resting NK cells into primed NK cells, an essential step in them becoming activated cancerkilling NKcells. We have shown this works ex vivo in human tissue cell cultures, and we believe that this will work in vivo which is the purpose of our planned clinical trials.●Cancers grow and relapse because they evade the immune system. NK cells are the most important cell for the elimination of residual disease thatcauses cancer relapse. NK cells target cells based on a series of complex antigens on the cancer cell surface that signal the NK cells to activate and killthe cancer cell. We call these cancer antigens “priming signals” and “triggering signals” respectively. An NK cell must receive a series of multiplesignals through a network of cell surface receptors constituting of both priming and triggering signals. Crucially, we have shown that the primingsignals can be delivered independent of the triggering such that one cell, such as INKmune, may deliver priming signals and the patient cancer celldeliver the second set and induce killing. Cancer cells defective in priming signals evade NK killing so the cancer cell survives and grows. Both primingand triggering signals are not a single surface molecule on the NK cell, but a complex combination of signals from multiple cell surface ligands whichlead to NK priming and triggering respectively. Cancer cells also express molecules which can inhibit NK cell priming and triggering and the finaloutcome of the NKcancer cell conjugation is a balance of all of these signals. In summary, INKmune shifts that balance of stimulating and inhibitorysignals to enhance the ability of resting NK cells to kill a wide range of patient cancers. [Sabry Lowdell Frontiers, North et al JI and Sabry et al JI andTsirogianni et al AmJ Hematol]. This concept is shown in the schematic form in Figure 1 below.●The main “job” of a cancer cell is to survive and grow. Unfortunately, the “successful” cancer cell ultimately kills the host. The first priority for survivalis to evade NK cell killing. The vast majority, >98%, of cancer cells do this by downregulating expression of priming ligands. When an NK cellinterrogates a cancer cell lacking sufficient priming signals the NK cell is unable to trigger lysis. This allows the cancer to evade NK cell killing to grow,and, we believe, is one of the causes of cancer relapse.●We have described the functional biology underlying the interaction of NK cells and cancer cells. We believe that we have learned to counteract theloss of the priming signals by artificially providing these signaling ligands to the resting NK cell by exposure to a proprietary tumor cell line whichconstitutively expresses them. We call this product candidate INKmune. When we deliver INKmune to a resting NK cell, it provides priming signals toconvert the resting NK cell into a tumor primed NK cell (“TpNK”). TpNK are poised to kill any cancer cell that expresses adequate triggering ligands.Based on our extensive preclinical testing, we believe this covers a large and heterogenous array of primary human cancers including hematologicmalignancies such as acute myelogenous leukemia, multiple myeloma, lymphoma, and solid tumors such as breast, prostate, renal, lung, and ovariancancer. The TpNK binds to the cancer cell, becomes an activated NK cell that will kill the cancer cell that was previously resistant to NK cell killing.Based on the preclinical data, we believe INKmune will convert the patient’s resting NK cells to primed NK cells will allow the patient’s NK cells to killtheir tumor.5●We believe there are advantages of NK cells primed with INKmune (TpNK) compared to cytokine primed NK cells (“LAK”) or monoclonal antibodytargeted NK cells (“MabNK”). Both LAK and MabNK require the priming/targeting agent to be present at all times for the NK cell to be a cancer killingcell. As soon as the cytokine or Mab are removed, the NK cell becomes a resting NK cell that cannot kill the cancer cell. INKmune provides a sustained“on” switch even after the INKmune reagent has been removed. Once INKmune causes the resting NK cell to become a TpNK, the NK cell remainsprimed and ready to kill until its lytic capacity has been exhausted by lysis of tumor cells. The second advantage is that TpNK can prime resting NKcells by contactdependent activation and thus enhance the initial INKmunemediated priming. Third, TpNK do not require a specific target comparedto MabNK. Trastuzumab (Herceptin™), a Mab targeting HER2 on breast cancer is an illustrative example. Women with HER2 positive breast cancer,20% of all women with breast cancer, can be treated with and benefit from Herceptin immunotherapy. Unfortunately, the other 80% who are HER2negative, have a worse survival rate because they can not avail themselves to Trastuzumab immunotherapy. INKmune may benefit the women withHER2 negative breast cancer. We believe the preclinical and clinical data using tumor primed NK cells indicates that signals delivered by cancer cellsare adequate to provide priming and activation of NK cells to kill the cancer and possibly eliminate the need for MabNK.●We have demonstrated TpNK killing of many tumor types in laboratory studies. Tumor priming is effective regardless of the source of the NK cells andin many types of tumors – both cell lines and primary tumors from patients. The principle of TpNK killing has also been demonstrated in two Phase Itrials in patient with acute myelogenous leukemia (“AML”). These trials were not supported by us and used a firstgeneration personalized cell therapyproduct. In these trials, haploidentical NK cells obtained from a first degree relative by leukapheresis were primed exvivo using a lysate of the parentcell line from which we derived INB16 INKMune. Once the TpNK therapy has been produced and passed quality testing, the patient receivedconditioning therapy with chemotherapy (cyclophosphamide and fludarabine), the primed haploidentical NK cells were given to patients byintravenous infusion. Two Phase I clinical trials have been performed using the firstgeneration treatment strategy. An investigator initiated trialperformed at the Royal Free Hospital in London 2009 was funded by a UK charity. Fifteen patients with relapsed, highrisk AML were enrolled in thetrial. Because of dropout due to disease progression, delays in product production and complications of conditioning therapy, only 7 of the fifteenpatients were treated with the TpNK cell product. Four of seven patients showed clear benefit from the treatment with the TpNK product withprolonged relapse free remission and, in one patient, conversion of a partial remission to full remission. None of the remissions were durable; allpatients ultimately died from disease progression. The safety of the product was found to be a combination of toxicity from the chemotherapyconditioning regimen and the TpNK therapy. In general, the complications were well tolerated although did require medical intervention includingprolonged periods of aplasia in two heavily pretreated patients that resolved with supportive care. The results of this study have been published in amedical journal (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection 2015). In 2013, a second open label, multicentertrial was performed in the US using virtually the same product and procedures but targeting a slightly different patient population. In the second trial,12 patients in first remission with AML were treated with the haploidentical TpNK product produced using the first generation exvivo primingprocess. After conditioning with chemotherapy, the patients received TpNK in three dosing cohorts – 3x10^5, 1x10^6 or 3x10^6 TpNK per kilogram.Patients were followed for safety and relapse free survival. This trial confirmed the safety of the TpNK treatment in patients with AML and reinforcedmany of the efficacy findings seen in the first trial with none of the previously experienced side effects. Patients benefited from haploidentical TpNKtherapy with prolonged relapse free survival including two patients that remain in remission more than 42 months after treatment. This trial has beenpublished. (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.) The results of the laboratory andPhase I studies provide evidence that our strategy for treating residual disease is sensible but unproven.●Because INKmune primes NK cells to target naturally occurring antigens, we believe INKmune can be used in to treat a wide variety of cancersincluding hematologic malignancy (AML, MM, CML, high risk MDS) and solid tumors (renal, prostate, breast, ovarian, pancreas and lung). We expectthe list of INKmune sensitive tumors to continue to expand.●The primary role for INKmune will be an immunotherapy targeting residual disease in patients after debulking cancer therapies such as cytotoxicchemotherapy and surgery. At this time, we plan to give INKmune as monotherapy. We do not rule out the possibility of using INKmune as part ofcombination therapy in the future. We do not expect to need to modify INKmune to treat these additional types of cancer, because we believeINKmune is a universal cancer therapy where “one size fits all”. We believe for INKmune to receive regulatory approval for each cancer indication,clinical trials will need to be performed which demonstrate its safety and effectiveness as a treatment for each such cancer. We believe the difficultyand cost of achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval, if and when achieved. For example, if INKmune is proven tobe effective therapy in patients with ovarian cancer and highrisk MDS, we will need to perform separate pivotal trials for approval in lung, prostate orrenal cancer.6Three step process to preparation for INKmune human clinical trials:INKmune GMP scaleup for Phase I/II clinical materialWe contracted with Advent Bioservices, a contract manufacturing organization, to produce the master cell bank for INKmune using good manufacturingpractice, or GMP, clinical material. Advent Bioservices used GMP manufacturing facilities leased from the Centre of Cell, Gene and Tissue Therapeutics (“CCGTT”)at the Royal Free Hospital. The working cell banks and individual INKmune product to be used in the patients for the clinical trial will be produced at the Royal FreeHospital in the CCGTT to full cGMP (MHRA MIA(IMP)11149). All manufacturing has been under the direction of Professor Mark Lowdell. The Company is able toproduce enough INKmune to complete both Phase I clinical trials in women with ovarian cancer and in patients with highrisk MDS as required and in advance. Wehave validated storage of INKmune for up to 12 months in vapour phase nitrogen and have a fully scalable, closed system manufacturing process which canproduce up to 6 patient doses per week during phase I and II trials. At intermediate scale we can manufacture 40 doses per week in a single 80 litre bioreactor.Importantly, we have validated the storage of INKMune at 80oC for up to three months which greatly facilitates the delivery and local storage of the drug forclinical trials and post commercialization. In contrast, all other NK cell therapies and T cell therapies require complex shipping of drug products in vapor phasenitrogen below 150oC and specialized arrangements for ongoing storage at the clinical sites. We may need additional INKmune for future clinical trials. Planning forsite of manufacture and the financing for that manufacturing has not been made at this point.INKmune Biomarker Development ProgramWe have discovered two biomarker strategies that we believe can be used to demonstrate: i) who should receive INKmune therapy; ii) if the INKmunetherapy is working; and iii) when INKmune therapy should be repeated. For the initial Phase I/II trials in patients with ovarian cancer, we expect the biomarker testingwill be performed in a single laboratory under our direction. In the near future, we will develop assay systems with standard operating procedures to ensure uniformtesting of the biomarker across clinical sites. This will facilitate expansion of the clinical programs to multiple sites. We anticipate that, in the future, the biomarkerprogram may be a surrogate marker for both clinical effectiveness and marketing purposes.Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INKmune DevelopmentWe met with the Medicines and Healthcare Products Regulatory Agency (“MHRA”), the UK version of the FDA as part of a Scientific Advice Meeting inSeptember 2017. The purpose of the meeting was to explain to the MHRA our manufacturing process and clinical plan for the development of INKmune in a PhaseI/II trial in relapse/refractory ovarian cancer. We submitted a Clinical Trial Authorization (“CTA”) in the fourth quarter of 2018 to support the ovarian cancer PhaseI/II trial in the United Kingdom, which was accepted on December 18, 2018. We are in the process of completing the steps to open two clinical sites to perform thePhase I portion of the clinical trial and the protocol modification for the phase Ionly trial will be submitted to MHRA for approval in Q1 2020. We have not chosensites for the Phase II portion of the clinical trial.INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with ovarian cancerDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with ovarian carcinoma. Patients will be enrolled who have a low burden ofrelapse refractory disease and have peripheral blood or ascites NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory test on NK function. The study designagreed upon after discussion with the MHRA on September 12, 2017 was for a twostep Phase I/II study but this has been modified to an classic Phase I studyfollowed by a randomized phase II. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed under the modified CTA at a single UK site, Sheffield University Hospital.We expect to initiate trial by the third quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, women with relapse refractory ovarian cancer will be treated with INKmune, given as anintraperitoneal infusion through an indwelling peritoneal catheter in a traditional open label study to demonstrate safety and determine the dose of INKmune to becarried into the larger Phase II portion of the study. Based on preclinical studies that indicate that women with relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer have NK cells intheir peritoneal cavity that response to INKmune to kill SKOV3, an NKresistant ovarian cell line, we believe intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune will betherapeutically effective. Three clinical trials support this observation. Two clinical trials have been performed using the first generation haploidentical TpNKproduct in patients with AML. Both of those studies have been published (PLoS One. 2015 Jun 10;10(6):e0123416. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0123416. eCollection2015) and (Biol Blood Marrow Transplant. 2018 Mar 26. pii: S10838791(18)301320. doi: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2018.03.019.). In summary, the studies showed that TpNKtherapy, when delivered by intravenous infusion after conditioning therapy, was effective in providing prolong remissions with a toxicity profile that wasmanageable. TpNK therapy has not been delivered via intraperitoneal infusion, but a similar treatment strategy is used for the delivery of TALL104 cells. TALL104is a replication incompetent human MHC nonrestricted cytotoxic Tcell leukemic cell line that has been extensively studied and used to treat a number of cancers.Currently, Galileo Research, an Italian biotech company, has used TALL104 in a Phase II clinical trial to treat women with ovarian cancer(http://www.galileoresearch.it/en/pipeline/TALL104.html). In that study, TALL104 is delivered via intraperitoneal infusion. Although the efficacy of the therapy isnot yet known, the therapy is well tolerated with toxicities mainly related to the infusion catheter, not related to the TALL104 infusion. The primary end points of theINKmune Phase I trial are safety and determining the dose of INKmune to take into the Phase II portion of the clinical trial. The key secondary efficacy endpoints tobe studied are i) increased NK cell priming as determined by multicolor flow cytometry of NK cells from the patient; ii) increased NK cell killing of SKOV3 tumor in abioassay as shown in Figure 2 below; and iii) a decrease in tumor burden as measured by CA125 levels in the blood. Once safety and the optimal INKmune dosehave been determined, a randomized study of women treated with INKmune will be compared to a group of control patients who receive only standard of care. Weexpect to treat six patients in the Phase I portion of the trial, but this number can increase by as many as 18.7INKmune Product Development Path Proposed Phase I Study in patients with high risk MDSDuring 2020, we plan to initiate an open label Phase I cancer study in patients with high risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Patients will be enrolledwho have a low burden of disease after completion of conventional therapy and have peripheral blood NK cells which can respond to INKmune in a laboratory testof NK function. At present we anticipate the Phase I to be performed at a single UK site, University Hospital Southampton. A UK contract research organization hasbeen appointed and we expect to initiate trial by the second quarter of 2020.In the Phase I trial, patients with detectable residual disease in bone marrow and/orperipheral blood (<15% blasts by conventional tests) will be treated with intravenous infusions of INKmune and monitored for changes in peripheral blood NKactivation, NK function and changes in residual blast counts in blood and bone marrow. We and others have previously shown that MDS patients with inadequateNK function have statistically significantly poorer prognosis than matched patients with normal levels of NK function (Tsirogianni et al 2019) and we have shown inlaboratory experiments that the functional activity of NK cells from MDS patients can be enhanced by exposure to INKmune. Moreover, INKmuneprimed NK cellsare not inhibited by the hypoxic conditions of the diseased bone marrow microenvironment.INKmune Registration Studies and/or PartneringAfter completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies with INKmune, we will decide whether to continue to develop INKmune as a treatment for ovariancarcinoma indication and/or high risk MDS. Other solid cancers are of interest including nasopharyngeal cancer (“NPC”) which is a known target for NK cells and animportant unmet clinical need in emerging markets such as mainland China. We expect to have biopharma partners participate in this decision. We may also seek tobe acquired at this stage or partner INKmune. Although our development strategy is focused on North America and Europe, we believe INKmune will also beattractive for markets on the Pacific Rim, South Asia and South America, but will wait for partners to help with the development in those regions, however, at thistime, we are not negotiating with any potential partners.Importantly, we have published data demonstrating INKmune efficacy at priming allogeneic NK cells exvivo (described above) and this includes priming ofNK cells differentiated from cordblood derived hematopoietic stem cells (Domogala et al Cytotherapy 2017: 19:710720). Numerous companies are developingtherapeutic strategies using cord blood derived NK cell products and one or more may wish to partner with us to potentiate their product by coincubation or coadministration with INKmune.8INKmune Regulatory StrategyINKmune is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. We believe that registration trials will need to be designed as randomized trials in patients with cancer where one group of patientsreceived INKmune and another receive best available care. We received advice from the MHRA on September 12, 2017 on the design clinical trial for ovarian cancer.And have used that advice to plan both current phase I trials. We plan to perform the Phase I trials with INKmune in the United Kingdom under two clinical trialsauthorizations (“CTA”) – one for each indication. If either phase I elicits “positive” data we plan to open one or more Phase II programs to additional sites in theUnited Kingdom and the US. We will meet with the FDA once we have data from the Phase I trials. Because there are no therapies similar to INKmune approved inany market, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In the U.S., this includesOrphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast Track Designation, andpriority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which of these programs we will benefit from, if any at all, without further discussions with theFDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the European Medicines Agencies (“EMA”).Emerging Market OpportunityThe cancer therapy market is large, diverse and competitive. Although the concept of immunotherapy with monoclonal antibodies has been around formore than 20 years, the concept that patient derived immunosuppressive factors was a barrier to effective cancer treatment was recently recognized and had its firsttherapy approved just four years ago (ipilimumab, Yervoy, BMS, March 2011). Since then, five additional “check point” inhibitors have been approved, but themarket is in its infancy. Most of the focus on strategies for modulating tumorbased immunosuppression focus is on the adaptive immune system (“Tcells”). Therole of, and the importance of manipulating the innate immune system has more recently become a target of therapeutic development. NK cells are part of the innateimmune system and are critical in both tumor surveillance (prevention) and treatment (killing). MDSCs are part of the innate immune system that only appear oncethe patient has chronic inflammation, a common occurrence in patients with cancer. The main role of the MDSC is to protect the tumor from attack by the patient’simmune system. Because Tcell focused strategies do not have an effect on the innate immune system, patient’s receiving such treatments may fail to recruit half ofthe patient’s immune system, the innate immune system, to attack the patient’s cancer. Clinicians increasingly recognize that durable responses to cancer require acoordinated attack by the patient’s adaptive and innate immune system. Normalizing the response of the innate immune system requires eliminating the dysregulatedinnate immune response that decreases the patient’s ability to see and attack the cancer as well as mechanisms the protect the cancer from immunologic attack(effector and protector function respectively). INKmune primes NK cells to enable them to attack the tumor. INB03, by decreasing the proliferation and function ofMDSC, will lessen the immunosuppressive shield that protects the tumor from immunologic attack and, through NK/DC crosstalk, recruit the adaptive immunesystem to the fight.Challenges in the Market for Our Product CandidatesThe market for new oncology therapies is busy, complicated and rapidly evolving. We will be competing with companies that are older, larger, betterfinanced and have greater experience. There are two types of drug companies – development companies and commercial companies. Development companies takethe risk of developing new products to proofofconcept. Once proofofconcept has been achieved, if the drug provides clinical benefit, the product is usuallyacquired by a commercial company, which completes the drug’s clinical development and markets the product. We are a development company which will seek todevelop products such as INKmune from the bench to the bedside to demonstrate proofofconcept. The goal for us is to successfully develop such products to thepoint where they are attractive targets for potential partners/acquirers.According to a recent Markets and Markets report, the immunotherapy market is growing rapidly at an annual rate of over 13%. Recently, the market isbiased towards T cellbased immunotherapies including bispecific antibody therapies, checkpoint inhibitors and CART cellbased therapies. There are substantialnumbers of clinical trials that are focused on the adaptive immune system versus clinical trials that are focused on the innate immune system for the treatment ofcancer. Our challenge will be to educate partners on the value of NK cellbased therapeutic strategies. The need to educate people of the importance of INB03 isequally challenging. At the academic level, there is recognition that therapies targeting MDSC are needed to improve the results of immunotherapies. Investors andpotential partners are only now learning about MDSC. We will be responsible for educating them on the importance of MDSC and why INB03 may be an importantaddition to the oncologist’s armamentarium. We believe educating investors and partners about new therapeutic opportunities is an easier task than trying todifferentiate our company from the many other cancer immunotherapy companies. We plan to use a combination of publication, presentation and investor relationsto promote INKmune and INB03 and to educate the clinical, biopharma and investor community on the value of these novel therapeutic approaches.9INKmune CompetitionOur industry is highly competitive and subject to rapid and significant technological change. Our potential competitors include large pharmaceutical andbiotechnology companies, specialty pharmaceutical and generic drug companies, academic institutions, government agencies and research institutions. We believethat key competitive factors that will affect the development and commercial success of our product candidates are efficacy, safety, tolerability, reliability, price andreimbursement level. Many of our potential competitors, including many of the organizations named below, have substantially greater financial, technical and humanresources than we do and significantly greater experience in the discovery and development of product candidates, obtaining FDA and other regulatory approvalsof products and the commercialization of those products. Accordingly, our competitors may be more successful than us in obtaining FDA approval for andachieving widespread market acceptance of their drugs. Our competitors’ drugs may be more effective, or more effectively marketed and sold, than any drug we maycommercialize and may render our product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive before we can recover the expenses of developing and commercializing any ofour product candidates. We anticipate that we will face intense and increasing competition as new drugs enter the market and advanced technologies becomeavailable. Further, the development of new treatment methods for the conditions we are targeting could render our drugs noncompetitive or obsolete.INKmune is an immunotherapy that harnesses the biology of NK cells for the treatment of cancer. There is a long list of immunotherapy strategies for thetreatment of cancer and the immunotherapy for cancer market is growing rapidly. There are at least three ways to classify immunotherapy for cancer. The list belowclassifies immunotherapy strategies beginning with those that are most closely related to INKmune:1.Companies in the NK cell therapy business;2.Companies in the personalized immuneoncology business; and3.Companies in the precision immunooncology business.We are not aware of any approved treatments that are classified as NK cell therapies. We are aware of three public companies in the NK cell therapybusiness: NantKwest, Fate Therapeutics and Glycostem. These companies are developing products that involve replacing or supplementing NK cells of the patientfor the treatment cancer. Their product requires extensive exvivo cell manipulations which, with respect to NantKwest and Fate Therapeutics, may include genetherapy. The next larger group of companies are in the personalized immunooncology business with products focused on T cell activation strategies. The mostpopular are the CART cell therapies which are a patient specific exvivo gene therapy approach to a single disease (for example: pediatric ALL). CART therapy hasbecome wildly popular of late and includes many private companies, newer public companies such as Bluebird, Juno Therapeutics and Mustang Bio as well asestablished companies such as Novartis and Gilead. For many of the companies, CART cell therapies is their only business. For the latter two, CART cell therapiesis a newly inlicensed program with marketing authorization in the US. Finally, the precision immuneoncology category also includes companies with anticancerantibody products and the newer “checkpoint” inhibitors. Antibody therapies are all about “illuminating” the cancer to the innate immune system (NK cells).Monoclonal antibodies were the original immunotherapy that drove the growth of wellknown biopharma companies including Genentech/Roche, Amgen, Merckand others. Each of these products is disease specific (ie: treat only HER2+ breast cancer). Modern therapeutic antibodies are much more complicated bispecificand trispecific antibodies that attempt to connect the cancer with activated Tcells of the adaptive immune system. Checkpoint inhibitors are currently the mostrapidly expanding product category in immunooncology. These CTLA4 (ipilimumab) and PD1 inhibitors (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) specifically block amechanism that shields cancers from Tcell killing. The two companies in this business are Merck (pembrolizumab) and GSK (ipilimumab and nivolumab). There aremany others trying to join this promising therapeutic area including large companies such as BMS and Roche.10There are a number of FDA approved drugs that improve the ability of the innate immune system (NKcells) to treat cancer including monoclonal antibodytherapies (for example: Rituximab®; Avastin® and Herceptin® marketed by Roche/Genentech); and “checkpoint” inhibitors (Yervoy® and Opdivo®, BMS,Keytruda®, Merck and others). There is a large amount of development activity in the immune checkpoint inhibitor field from both pharmaceutical giants includingAstraZeneca, Merck & Co, Pfizer, Merck KGaA, Roche, GSK, Novartis and Amgen and many startups, small companies and university spinoffs which haveemerged in the past two years. Examples (in alphabetical order) include Agenus, Alligator Bioscience, Ambrx, AnaptysBio, argenx, Bioceros, BioNovion, CellerantTherapeutics, Checkpoint Therapeutics, Compugen, CureTech, Enumeral, Five Prime Therapeutics, Genmab, GITR, ImmuNext, IOmet Pharma, iTeos Therapeutics,Jounce Therapeutics, KAHR Medical, Multimeric Biotherapeutics, Nativis, Orega Biotech, Pelican Therapeutics, Pieris Pharmaceuticals, Prima BioMed, Redx Pharma,Sorrento Therapeutics, Tesaro, TG Therapeutics, Theravectys and ToleroTech active in the field. The list of companies with polyspecific antibodies that attempt tolink the cancer with a cytotoxic T cell is long, includes both private and public companies (Amgen, Xencor, FStar, Merus and many others). Finally, two CART celltherapies were just approved for the treatment of ALL – Kymriah™ (Novartis) and Yescarta™ (Gilead). We expect additional drugs to gain marketing authorization inthe immuneoncology space.To our knowledge, there are three companies with NK cell immunotherapies in development. NantKwest, (NASDAQ Global Select Market) is an early stagebiotech company that is using a genetically engineering strategy of a NK cell line to produce a live, offtheshelf NK cell product to treat a variety of cancers. Theclinical data for this product is sparse at this time. FateNK 100 and Engineered hnCD16iNK from Fate Therapeutics are product candidates designed to replace orsupplement NK cells in patients with cancer. Glycostem is a biotech company with proprietary technology for the differentiation and expansion of allogeneic NKcells from CD34+ hematopoietic stem cells from unused umbilical cord blood units. It has conducted a single trial in AML in a center in the Netherlands. Thecompany has perfected its manufacturing process and expects to open clinical trials in myeloma in 2021.To our knowledge, there are no innate immune checkpoint inhibitors in development that have the unique characteristics of INB03 that neutralize sTNF to:i) decreases the proliferation of MDSC; ii) decreasing local and systemic immunosuppression caused by MDSC by stopping production of immunosuppressivecytokines and; iii) improving NK/DC crosstalk to recruit the adaptive immune system to fight the cancer.INB03 CompetitionTo our knowledge, there are no other innate immune system checkpoint inhibitors in development that combine the characteristics of decreasing thepopulation and function of MDSC while promoting NK/DC crosstalk that expands and recruits the adaptive immune response to attack the patient’s tumor. Lilly isdeveloping LY3022855, a human IgG1 monoclonal antibody designed to target the CSF1R that should inhibit MDSC from receiving CSF1 signals, decreasing theirsurvival and relieving the effect of MDSC in the tumor. Daiichi Sankyo Inc., in collaboration with Bristol Myers Squibb, is testing DS8273a, a TRIALR2 agonisticantibody in combination with a PDL1 inhibitor to decrease the number of MDSC in patients with colorectal cancer. Rgenix Inc., is developing RGX104, an orallybioavailable small molecule immunotherapy that targets LXR (liver X Receptor). RGX104 reportedly depletes MDSC. Syntrix Biosystems is developing SX682. SX682 is a smallmolecule dualinhibitor of CXCR1 and CXCR2, the chemokine receptors pivotal to tumor metastasis, therapyresistance, and myeloid cell suppressionof cancer surveillance by the adaptive immune system. By blocking the CXCR1/2 pathway, SX682 may prevent recruitment of MDSC to the tumormicroenvironment. The University of Minnesota has a trivalent antibody program aimed at treating patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. This CD16/IL15/CD33 (161533) TriSpecific Killer Engagers (TriKes) product may target CD33+ MDSC. Siamab Therapeutics is developing an antisialylTn monoclonal antibodythat targets MDSC in some tumor types. Clathera Biosciences, in collaboration with Incyte, a US based biotech, is developing CB1158 (INCB01158), an arginaseinhibitor to decreases MDSC. A Phase II clinical trial is open that combines CB1158 with nivolumab, an antiPD1 CPI marketed by Bristol Myers Squib. ReataPharmaceuticals is testing omaveloxolone (RTA 408) in the phase Ib/II REVEAL trial in combination with either ipilimumab (Yervoy) or nivolumab (Opdivoo) inpatients with advanced unresectable or metastatic melanoma. Currently approved nonselective TNF inhibitors, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab and others, arenot considered direct competitors of INB03 in the treatment of cancer because of their mechanism of action and safety side effects. Non selective TNF inhibitorsblock the function of both sTNF and tmTNF. Blockade of tmTNF is immunosuppressive increasing the risk of infection and cancer in patients. This is shown inFigure 3 below where maintaining function to tmTNF by genetic or pharmacologic means results in an immunocompetent animal that can protect itself againstinfection. Blockade or knockout of both sTNF and tmTNF results in death from infection.11Intellectual PropertyThe INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (the “USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:INKmune (Cancer)The INKmune product candidate is protected by a family of patents pending in the United States Patent & Trademark Office (“USPTO”), in theInternational Bureau of the World Intellectual Property Organization (“WIPO”) under the Patent Cooperation Treaty (“PCT”), and in patent offices for variousforeign jurisdictions. We generally enter national stage under the PCT in Australia, Canada, Europe, and Japan, sometimes in China and/or Korea. The followingtable summarizes our pending and granted patent positions at the time of preparing this document:Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDateApplication15/268,399“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USALicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2016/061835“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationCA3009171A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP16847576A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018534524“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”JPLicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/022722“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”PCTGLOBALLicensedMethodN/AApplicationAU2018203469A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”AULicensedMethodTBDApplicationCA3056631A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CALicensedMethodTBDApplicationCN201880028522A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplicationKR20197030017A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP18768024A“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication16/494,713“IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS”USLicensedMethodTBD12INB03 (Cancer) & XPro1595 (Neurologic Diseases)The patent suite for INB03 covers patents related to DNTNF technology, including XPro1595. This patent suite continues to expand with activeprosecution on use of INB03 in cancer and neurologic diseases. We will continue to expand the use of this therapy to other areas.Patent/ApplicationNumberNameJurisdictionOwnershipTypeExpirationDatePatentUS 7662367PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition12/19/2026PatentUS 7446174PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition8/9/2026PatentEP 1578988PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSEPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentJP 4353802PROTEIN BASED TNFALPHA VARIANTS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERSJPOLicensedComposition4/14/2025PatentUS 7687461TREATMENT OF TNFALPHA RELATED DISORDERS WITH TNFALPHAVARIANT PROTEINSUSALicensedComposition11/17/2026PatentUS 7244823TNFALPHA VARIANTS PROTEINS FOR THE TREATMENT OF TNFALPHARELATED DISORDERSUSALicensedComposition3/31/2024PatentUS 7056695NOVEL TNFa VARIANTSUSALicensedComposition3/2/2021Application14/427,279METHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESUSALicensedMethodTBDApplicationEP13766804AMETHODS OF TREATING NEUROLOGICAL DISEASESEUROPELicensedMethodTBDApplicationPCT/US2018/053227TREATMENT OF COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO ACUTE OR CHRONICHYPERGLYCEMIAUSAJointlyOwnedMethodN/AApplication62/804,133METHODS FOR TREATING NEURO INFLAMMATIONUSAOwnedMethodN/APatentUS 10,543,264“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethod7/7/2038Application16/688,930“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”USLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016876541“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”EPLicensedMethodTBDApplication2016371907“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”AULicensedMethodTBDApplication3006767“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CALicensedMethodTBDApplication20168073849“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”CNLicensedMethodTBDApplication1020187020449“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”KRLicensedMethodTBDApplication2018531185“CANCER PREVENTION AND THERAPY BY INHIBITING SOLUBLE TUMORNECROSIS FACTOR”JPLicensedMethodTBD13Our commercial success depends in part on obtaining and maintaining patent protection and trade secret protection of our current and future productcandidates and the methods used to manufacture them, as well as successfully defending these patents against thirdparty challenges. Our ability to stop thirdparties from making, using, selling, offering to sell or importing our products depends on the extent to which we have rights under valid and enforceable patents ortrade secrets that cover these activities. We cannot assure you that our pending patent applications will result in issued patents.●“N/A” is used above with respect to provisional patent applications and international PCT patent applications, each of which is only temporary innature, and does not mature into a valid enforceable patent by itself, but instead serves to establish a chain of priority rights for subsequently filedpatent applications.●“TBD” is used above with respect to pending patent applications which are undergoing ordinary patent prosecution and may eventually issue as avalid enforceable patent.International PCT patent applications cover all 152 nations which are signatories of the PCT. However, our IP strategy generally recognizes the UnitedStates, United Kingdom, European Union, Canada, Japan, Australia and China as targets for extending patent protection under the PCT. Decisions regarding whichcountries to extend patent coverage under the PCT is taken on a case by case basis, subject to normal business considerations such as value and return oninvestmentOn July 04, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INB16” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to complete registration uponuse of the mark in commerce.On February 21, 2017, the USPTO allowed U.S. Trademark Serial No. 87/124,324 for the mark “INKMUNE” in I.C. 001 & 005. We intend to completeregistration upon use of the mark in commerce.On February 03, 2020, we filed U.S. Trademark Application Serial No. 88/783,595 for the mark “INmune Bio” in I.C. 044. The Application remains pendingand awaiting examination by a USPTO examining attorney.Immune Ventures, LLC License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent(the “Immune Ventures Agreement”). Pursuant to the Immune Ventures Agreement, we were granted exclusive worldwide, sublicensable, royaltybearing licenses(collectively “Patent Rights”) as well as all applications (the “Field”) of the Patent Rights, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to thepatents that may be developed in the future to the following patents and patent applications:Patent Applications:Property No.Patent Application Serial No.Filing Date:Title:(1)US 62/219,65209/16/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(2)US 62/263,95112/07/2015IN VIVO ACTIVATION OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(3)US 15/268,39909/16/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(4)PCT/US2016/06183511/14/2016IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(5)US 62/471,95303/15/2017IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(6)CA 3,009,17106/19/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(7)EP 16847576.204/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(8)JP 201853452404/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(9)PCT/US2018/02272203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(10)AU 201820346905/16/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(11)CA 3,056,63103/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(12)CN 20188002852203/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(13)KR 2019703001703/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(14)EP 18768024.403/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS(15)US 16/494,71303/15/2018IN VIVO PRIMING OF NATURAL KILLER CELLS14Patents:Property No.Patent No.Issue Date:Title:(N/A)N/AN/AN/AIn consideration for the Patent Rights, we agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been incurred as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000In addition, we agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to us. The Licensor is owned by Raymond J.Tesi, our President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Incountries where a claim of an issued and unexpired patent or a pending claim in a pending patent application within the Patent Rights exists a royalty of nine percentof net sales of each of each licensed product shall be paid for the remaining life of each patent on a country by country basis.The term of the Immune Ventures Agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country bycountry basis on the date of the expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Subject to granting, prosecutionrelated patent termadjustments, and requirements for maintenance and renewals, the latest to expire patent is scheduled to expire on March 15, 2038 (“Natural Expiration”). UponNatural Expiration of the Immune Ventures Agreement, we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures.The Immune Ventures Agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from our receipt of notice that we have not made a payment under theImmune Ventures Agreement we still do not make this payment. Under the agreement and an amendment to the agreement dated July 20, 2018, we are requiredachieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022;Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024; andFiling of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalent.If we don’t achieve the above milestones, we are required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how we can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If we fail to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of written notice byImmune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensedfrom the University of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (the “Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of itsrights, obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).15Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of thelicensed technology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024;and $25,000 due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale. The Company is current on its annual maintenance fees pursuant tothe PITT Agreement.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to2.5% of Net Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment to the University of Pittsburgh in March 2019 as a result of the initiation of a Phase I clinical trial. ThePITT Agreement expires upon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date thatis 20 years from the effective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).The Company may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor mayterminate the PITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) the Company defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 daysafter receiving written notice; or (ii) the Company ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of atrustee, receiver or liquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.Xencor License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered and developed a proprietarybiological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (the “Xencor Agreement”). Pursuant to the Xencor Agreement, Xencor granted the Company anexclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the Xencor Agreement) to make,develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibitssoluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or incombination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we paid Xencor a onetime noncreditableand nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000 shares of our common stock. We also issued warrants to Xencor which are discussedbelow.We also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty of 5% on net sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby countryand licensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering any pharmaceuticalproduct that contains, comprises, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as XPro1595 alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, inany dosage or formulation. (“Licensed Product”) in such country or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country. NetSales with respect to any Licensed Product is the gross amounts invoiced by us for sales of the Licensed Products less deductions actually incurred.Under the Xencor Agreement, we also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives equal to (i) 60% of sublicensingrevenue received in respect of any sublicense granted prior to initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the applications for the treatment ofdisease in humans (the “Field”); (ii) 30% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 1 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field; (iii) 15% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 2 Clinical Trial of a Licensed Product in the Field and prior to initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial ofa Licensed Product in the Field; (iv) 10% of Sublicensing Revenue received in respect of any sublicense granted on or after initiation of a Phase 3 Clinical Trial of aLicensed Product in the Field and prior filing of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field; and (v) 5% of Sublicensing Revenue received inrespect of any sublicense granted on or after the approval of the first NDA application for any Licensed Product in the Field. For clarity, initiation of a clinical trialshall mean dosing of a first patient in said clinical trial.16A valid claim is an issued, unexpired or pending claim with the patent rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which patent rights are necessary tomake, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field (the Field means all applications for the treatment of diseases in humans)or the Product Patent Rights, which claim has not lapsed, been abandoned, been revoked or been held to be unpatentable, invalid or unenforceable by a finaljudgment of a court or other governmental agency or competent jurisdiction from which no appeal can be or is taken within the time allowed for appeal and whichhas not been admitted to be invalid or unenforceable through reissue, reexamination, disclaimer or otherwise. Product Patent Rights shall mean any and all ourpatent rights that are necessary to make, develop, use, sell, have sold, offer for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field, including any improvements orpatent rights directed to the Licensed Product. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon 60 days’ (10 days for any payment default) prior writtennotice to the other party after the breach of any material provision of the agreement by the other party if the breaching party has not cured the breach within the 60day period (10day period for any payment default) following written notice of termination by the nonbreaching party. We can terminate the Xencor Agreementupon 180 days prior written notice to Xencor. Xencor may terminate the Xencor Agreement in its entirety or with respect to any specific Licensed Product uponwritten notice in the event that we contest, oppose or challenge or assist any party in contesting, opposing or challenging, Xencor’s ownership of, or theenforceability or validity of the Patent Rights that Xencor controls as of October 3, 2017 which Patent Rights are necessary to make develop, use, sell, have sold,offered for sale and import a Licensed Product in the Field. Either party may terminate the Xencor Agreement upon written notice to the other party upon or after theinsolvency, bankruptcy, dissolution or winding up of such other party or the making or seeking to make or arrange an assignment for the benefit of creditors of suchother party or the initiation of proceedings in voluntary or involuntary bankruptcy which proceeding or action remains undismissed or unstayed for a period of morethan 60 days.In connection with the Xencor Agreement, we entered into a stock issuance agreement with Xencor pursuant to which it agreed to issue Xencor 1,585,000shares of its common stock and fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares of common stock equal to 10% our the fully diluted companyshares immediately following such purchase. In August 2018, we entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to the amendment, thepurchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.In connection with the stock issuance agreement, we, Xencor and more than 90% of shareholders as of September 30, 2017 (“Key Holders”) entered into avoting agreement. Pursuant to the voting agreement, Xencor and the Key Holders agreed to vote their respective shares to vote one individual designated by theholder of a majority of Xencor’s shares of our common stock to our board of directors. The voting agreement shall continue in full force and effect until the earliestof: (a) the date of a qualified offering, as defined in the issuance agreement; (b) ten (10) years from the date of this Agreement; (c) the date of the closing of aqualified sale, as defined in the issuance agreement; or (d) the date as of which the parties hereto terminate this agreement by written consent of the holders of amajority of the Investor Shares.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a tenyear term. Pursuant to the license agreement,the Company acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).17In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees ofapproximately $13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net salesvalue (as defined in the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, theCompany will pay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of the consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any of the technology and knowhow.Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”).Novamune is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation ofNK cells for the treatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cellsfor therapeutic applications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly ownany intellectual property developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual propertyrelating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications.The Company completed its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune.INKmune Research and DevelopmentWe expect to use third parties to conduct our preclinical and clinical trials under the direct supervision of management.INKmune ManufacturingWe intend to contract with third parties for the manufacture of our compounds for investigational purposes, for preclinical and clinical testing and for anyFDA approved products for commercial sale. Preclinical and clinical material for the early clinical trials with INKmune has been manufactured under the direction ofMark Lowdell and Advent Bioservices International, our strategic partner, at a licensed Good Manufacturing Practice (“GMP”) facility. The master cell bank, workingcell bank and individual product doses were completed in July 2018. This clinical material is planned for use in the Phase I/II clinical trials in ovarian cancer. If weraise adequate capital to initiate the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials, additional working cell banks and therapeutic product will be produced from the existing mastercell bank. This process takes approximately 6 months and is not anticipated to delay the initiation of the highrisk MDS Phase I/II trials. We may transfer themanufacturing to a different commercial contract manufacturing organization after completion of these Phase II studies.Human Mesenchymal Stem CellsIn November 2017, we entered into a Material Transfer and License Agreement with the Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank (“AN”), the oldest and largestnondirected cord blood bank in the United Kingdom for the supply the starting material for the mesenchymal stem cells umbilical cords not used after cord bloodharvest. Mark Lowdell's research group developed and validated a methodology for producing large numbers of clinicalgrade pooled human umbilical cord derivedmesenchymal stem cells (“HucMSC”). We believe the reproducible and reliable supply of large quantities of highquality a may solve one of the major problemsassociated with the development of mesenchymal stem cell therapies for medicine. Under this agreement we were granted a license to produce and sell these cells formedical research, including clinical trials. The agreement provides that Immune Bio Internal shall pay to AN £200 plus VAT (if applicable) for each umbilical cordtissue sample (and any intellectual property, developed, or conceived by Immune Bio International in exercising its rights under the agreement (“Licensed Product”))Immune Bio International receives pursuant to the agreement. Additionally, during the entire term of the agreement, Immune Bio International shall pay AN a royaltyof 2% of the net sales of the Licensed Product. We believe we are well positioned to become a preferred manufacturing partner for companies who need MSC forclinical programs. Manufacture of HucMSC is performed under the direction of Mark Lowdell in a licensed GMP facility that is contracted to the Company as part ofexisting research and development agreements. The starting material for the HucMSC product is provided by the AN. The HucMSC product produced in this facilityare fully qualified to be used for either research or clinical trials. Currently, we plan to supply HucMSC to third parties for their research use and in clinical trials aspart of the development process for commercial pro/ducts. We may decide to expand this agreement in the future if the commercial and/or developmentopportunities warrant such expansion. At the current time, we expect this program to be funded by revenues from commercial sales. The agreement with ANterminates on November 29, 2027. AN may terminate the license on written notice to us, if a donor withdraws consent to the continued use of umbilical cord tissuesamples that were obtained by AN. Additionally, either party may terminate the agreement on 30 days prior written notice to the other if that other party materiallybreach any term of the agreement and such breaches (to the extent it is remediable) is not remedied within 30 days of the written request to the other party to do so.18Our Innate Immune DominantNegative TNF product candidateWe renamed XPro1595, which we license from Xencor, to INB03 when it is used for cancer related indications. We will continue to call the drug XPro1595when used for treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease discussed below. INB03 and XPro1595 are the same drug with different namesfor marketing purposes. INB03 is a novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor that we believe prevents proliferation of MDSC and decreases the secretion ofimmunosuppressive cytokines that protect the tumor from the patient’s immunologic attack and help make the tumor resistant to immunotherapy. INB03, byinhibiting soluble TNF without inhibiting transmembrane TNF or TNF receptors (“tmTNF” and “TNFR” respectively), alters the immunoregulatory cell and cytokineprofile of the tumor microenvironment to decrease the population of MDSC, decrease immunosuppressive cytokines and increase immunoregulatory cytokines thatchanges the patient’s immune response to their tumor with improved NK/DC crosstalk that causes expansion of the immune response including recruitment of theadaptive immune system with an increase in effector and cytotoxic T cells that attack the cancer. After treatment with INB03, we believe the patient’s dysregulatedimmune response, a hallmark of cancer progression and resistance to therapy, to be converted to a coordinated immune response that can attack in combination withimmunotherapy. These immune responses have been studied in animal models of an inflammatory cancer, where 3methylcholanthrese is given to mice in asubcutaneous injection that causes the development of multiple cutaneous fibrosarcoma. This model was developed by Y Akamatsu in 1967 while working at theNational Cancer Institute of the NIH. In research published by Professor Nikola Vujanovic in Cancer Immunology Research in 2016, treatment with INB03 resulted insmaller and fewer cancers with increased survival. INB03 is an engineered PEGylated protein that neutralizes human soluble TNF, a human inflammatory cytokinethat is increased in patients with advanced cancer. By specifically neutralizing the cytokine, there is decreased phosphorylation of STAT3, an essential step requiredfor the proliferation of the MDSC population, and secretion of the immunosuppressive cytokines. The combination of decreased MDSC proliferation and decreasedimmunosuppressive cytokines allows the immune system to respond to the tumor. This data was published in an article entitled Inhibition of Soluble TumorNecrosis Factor Prevents Chemically Induced Carcinogenesis in Mice in Cancer Immunology Research in Cancer Immunology Research 2016. In summary, INB03functions as an innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor by eliminating the population of MDSC that provides an immunosuppressive shield protecting the tumor,the patient’s immune system is able to function normally to the benefit of the patient – it can attack the tumor.Because INB03 targets the patient’s immune system and not the tumor, we believe INB03 is an immunotherapy that can be used to treat many types ofhematologic malignancies and solid tumors as part of combination therapy. The decision to use INB03 in a patient will be based on biomarkers that should predictthat a patient will benefit from treatment with the drug. MDSC rarely exist in patients without cancer or chronic inflammation. Because MDSC can be measured in thetumor and/or blood of patients with immune dysregulation and chronic inflammation caused by their cancer, MDSC blood levels i) have prognostic value predictingcancer stage and risk of dying from cancer; ii) may be used as a biomarker to target patients who will benefit from INB03 therapy and iii) should be biomarkersdemonstrating a pharmacodynamic effect of INB03. Other biomarkers of inflammation may be useful in predicting if a patient will benefit from therapy with INB03such as increased biomarkers in blood such as elevated IL6 or Creactive protein levels or biomarkers in the tumor such as MUC4 expression of the tumor. Webelieve, if MDSC are present in significant numbers, or the tumor expresses MUC4, the patient should benefit from INB03 treatment as part of combination therapy.Basing treatment decisions on the presence of MDSC or MUC4 is a precision medicine, biomarker directed immunotherapy strategy that should improve theprobability of benefiting a patient and improve the value of INB03 therapy and decrease the risk of the clinical development process. Although, INB03 can be usedas part of combination of anticancer therapy including, but not limited to, cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation therapy and/or surgery. Our Phase Iclinical trial will focus on using INB03 as monotherapy. This is a typical Phase I clinical trial design for firstinman trials in cancer. We expect to use INB03 as part ofcombination therapy with approved cancer therapies as part of Phase II development. We do not expect to need to modify INB03 therapy to treat each different typeof cancer, because INB03 therapy targets the immune system, not the cancer. We do expect to develop the INB03 beyond Phase II to target a specific type of cancerto meet the current system of regulatory approval. For instance, INB03 may be approved to treat patients with elevated MDSC who have lung cancer. To getsubsequent approval for the treatment of patients with renal cell cancer who have increased MDSC, we will need to perform a pivotal trial in patients with renalcancer. Likewise, if we want to get approval of treatment of women with HER2 positive breast cancer who express MUC4, we will need to perform a trial in thosepatients and the results of that trial may be independent of MDSC levels. After the first regulatory approval, if and when achieved, we believe the difficulty and costof achieving these labels extensions will decline with each successive approval. At this time, we cannot predict if patients without biomarkers of inflammation,elevated MDSC or cytokines, or increased expression of MUC4 will benefit from treatment with INB03. Those studies may be performed in the future, but they arenot a priority.19XPro1595 neutralizes soluble TNF in the brain in exactly the same way INB03 neutralizes soluble TNF in the tumor microenvironment but the effects ofsoluble TNF neutralization in the brain are different. The cause of the destructive neuroinflammation in the brain is the microglial cell. The microglial cell is one offour cells in the neural unit that also includes astrocytes, oligodentrocytes and nerve cells. Activated microglial cells are considered the resident macrophages of thebrain. The primary role of microglial cells is to protect the neural unit from infection. When innate immune dysfunction causes chronic inflammation, activatedmicroglial cells produce soluble TNF that activates astrocytes. Activated glial cells cause nerve cell and oligodrocyte dysfunction that results in synaptic pruning,nerve cell death and demyelination of neurons. These pathologies contribute, in part, to neurodegenerative diseases such as AD, Parkinson’s disease, ALS, MS,Huntington’s disease, glaucoma and schizophrenia and may contribute to neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, bipolar disease, sleep disorders, autismand PTSD. In the setting of AD, microglial activation causes dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that contributes to cognitive decline andthe behavioral manifestations of AD including depression, aggressiveness, sleep disorders, hallucinations and anhedonia. Elimination of microglial activationshould reverse these symptoms. Because soluble TNF is the apex cytokine in the inflammatory cytokine cascade, neutralization of soluble TNF with XPro1595should prevent glial activation and normalizes function of the neural unit.LivNate neutralizes soluble TNF in the treatment of NASH exactly the same way that INB03 and XPro1595 neutralize soluble TNF for the treatment ofcancer and neurodegenerative diseases respectively. NASH is a complex disease with inflammatory, metabolic and fibrotic components that contribute to diseaseprogression. The effects of LivNate on NASH are diverse. Based on murine data, we believe there are 3 major pathologic cycles that contribute to NASH. Theperipheral pathologic cycle is metabolic with obesity and insulin resistance contributing to the inflammatory and metabolic process that drives NASH. The regionalpathologic cycle includes intestinal inflammation with resulting leaky gut that drives the development mesenteric fat. All three elements contribute to a highlyinflammatory mileau delivered directly to the liver via the portal vein. The local pathologic loop includes lipotoxicity and innate immune dysfunction caused byactivated hepatic stellate cell, natural killer cells and hepatocytes. These pathologic cycles cause hepatocyte death, inflammation and fibrosis – the pathologichallmarks of NASH. In murine models of NASH, LivNate has effects on each pathologic cycle decreasing insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation and leak, hepaticinflammation, hepatocyte death and fibrosis. These results must be confirmed in humans.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate, are delivered as a subcutaneous injection, similar to an insulin treatment, given one to three times per week. Because this is asimple subcutaneous injection similar to an insulin injection (the therapy patients give themselves for treatment of Type 1 diabetes mellitus), we expect patients toadminister the therapy to themselves and not require expensive or logistically challenging clinic visits to receive the therapy.Three step process to preparation for INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate for human clinical trials:Release of INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate drug supplyGMP INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate are available for clinical development after completion of release testing. The annual process for release testing wascompleted in February 2018, January 2019 and December 2019. The process started in November 2017, October 2018 and November 2019 respectively. The supply ofINB03 is limited, but enough to complete the planned Phase I studies in oncology and Alzheimer’s disease and Phase II studies in oncology and NASH. The rerelease dossier has been submitted to the regulatory authorities in Australia. We received notification on May 2018 that the INB03 can be used for oncology clinicaltrials and in May 2019 that XPro1595 can be used in Alzheimer’s disease clinical trials in AUS. For future trials, new batches INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will needto be produced. We plan to use a twostep approach to production of the new drug supply. We hope to improve the yield of the drug product using theexisting E.coli based system. Once the new process is validated and functional, we will perform a manufacturing campaign when resources are available. We expectthe existing drug supply to support clinical development program until late 2021. We have identified a vendor, KBIO to manufacture new drug product. Thecontracting process has been completed. New drug supply is expected to be available before the existing drug supply has been exhausted.20Interaction with Regulatory Authorities Regarding INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate DevelopmentWe have completed a Phase I trial with INB03 in onocolgy. We enrolling patients in a Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. Weplan to start Phase II programs with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate in oncology and NASH respectively by the end of 2020. The Phase II program with Alzheimer’sdisease will start after completion of the ongoing Phase I program. Currently, all Phase I and Phase II trials with INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate will be performedAustralia under the regulatory authority of the TGA using the Clinical Trials Exemption (“CTX”) scheme. Our first interaction with the regulatory body occurred inMarch 2018. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with INB03 in patients with advanced solid tumors on May 21, 2018. The second interactionwith the regulatory body occurred in March 2019. The Company received approval to initiate the Phase I trial with XPro1595 in patients with Alzheimer’s disease inMay 2019. We plan to initiate discussion with the regulatory authorities for the use of LivNate in NASH and for use of INB03 as part of combination therapy for thetreatment of cancer by May 2020.INB03 Product Development Path: Proposed Phase I and Phase II Studies in patients with cancer Phase I study: We plan an open label, biomarker directed, dose escalation study in patients with metastatic epithelial cancer and elevated biomarkers ofsystemic inflammation including MDSC in their blood. As expected, the 11 patients had Stage IV cancer and had received and failed or progressed after several linesof therapy that may have included immunotherapy. Patients will receive INB03 by subcutaneous injection once a week during the duration of the study. Patientssuffered from either lung, ovarian, prostate, rental or cholangiocarcinoma, were on average 54 years old and had receive 3 previous lines of therapy. The patientstolerated INB03 with no side effects or toxicity for a median of 74 days of therapy. All patients stopped therapy due to progressive disease. The Phase I was asuccessful trial that demonstrated INB03 was safe and well tolerated, defined that the 1mg/kg once a week dose to be taken into the Phase II program, demonstratedpharmacodynamic efficacy with a decrease in IL6 levels in patients. Tests for MDSC levels were unsuccessful. Based on these results, we have defined a Phase IIclinical program in oncology.Based on the results of the Phase II study and work performed and reported by Prof. Roxana Schillaci, we are planning a study of INB03 in combinationwith currently approved second line therapy for women with resistant HER2+ metastatic breast cancer. Trastuzumab alone or as the backbone for antibodyconjugated therapy is first or second line therapy for women with HER2+ breast cancer. Primary or secondary resistance to trastuzumab is common. Women withtrastuzumab resistance do much worse than those responsive to trastuzumab immunotherapy. Prof. Schillaci first reported that MUC4 expression on the surface ofHER2+ breast cancer was the cause of trastuzumab resistance in 2017. Subsequent work has shown that combination therapy of INB03 with trastuzumab overcomestrastuzumab resistance in animal models. Soluble TNF causes expression of MUC4 by the HER2+ breast cancer cells that is responsible for trastuzumab resistance.MUC4 expression in HER2+ breast cancer cells is also a biomarker for an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment with high levels of myeloid cells and fewlymphocytes; the hallmark of an immune dessert. Treatment with INB03 decreases myeloid cells, most likely MDSC and TAMs while increasing the lymphocyteinfiltrate to make the “cold” tumor “hot”. The Phase II will be an open label trial where patients receive combination therapy with both INB03 and Drug X in womenwith metastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Drug X is an approved drug that is used as second line therapy in women with HER2+ breast cancer thatalso crosses the BBB. Because IP is not yet filled, we have not publicly disclosed what Drug X is. The Phase II trial will be an open label trial in women withmetastatic HER2+ breast cancer with brain metastasis. Patients will be treated with combination therapy until progression of disease. Almost one third of womenwith HER2+ metastatic breast cancer develop brain metastasis. Currently, therapy are no therapies approved for and survival is short. The Phase II trial will beperformed in Australia using the Clinical Trial Notification (“CTN”) regulatory process that is administered by the TGA. If results are promising, we may open PhaseII clinical trial sites in the US under the regulatory authority of the FDA. Because of the number of women affected and the lack of approved therapy, we believe thisindication will qualify for orphan drug designation and may be eligible for FDA Fast Track or Breakthrough designation.21INB03 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using INB03 to improve the lives of patients with cancer and biomarkers of inflammation.We believe that this strategy has use across many types of solid tumors including patients who have failed CPI with elevated MDSC blood, gastric cancer patientswith HER2+ tumors and other gastrointestinal malignancies that express MUC4. We plan to pursue other indications in cancer as resources become available. Wehave an active partnering position as it relates to INB03 development in cancer, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are twopartnering opportunities with this novel innate immune system checkpoint inhibitor. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for alloncology applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing INB03 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy, mostprobably an approved CPI. For example, CTLA4 targeted checkpoint inhibitors do not work well when given to melanoma patients with increased MDSC in theirblood. A company with a CPI may want to combine INB03 with their product in a clinical development program. After completion of proofofconcept Phase IIstudies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with INB03.Our INB03 platform can be used in cancer patients in many ways. The Phase I trial suggests the drug should not be used alone to treat cancer but used incombination with, but not limited to, other cancer therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunotherapy, radiation and surgery. We believe that INB03 canalso be used to treat many types of hematologic and epithelial cancers.INB03, XPro1595 and LivNate Regulatory StrategyINB03 is a new therapy for the treatment of cancer that will need to be proven safe and effective by welldesigned clinical trials that show a meaningfulclinical benefit to patients. This means that registration trials will need to be randomized trials in patients with cancer. The Phase I was designed as an open labeldose escalation trial in patients with metastatic solid tumors. With the Phase I trial completed, we plan to design clinical trials that inform product approvalstrategies; that is, proofofconcept Phase II trials in a narrowly defined group of patients with a single type of cancer. These trials will be designed after seekingadvice from the competent regulatory authorities and clinical thought leaders to allow the Company to design clinical trials that meet the needs for registration. Boththe Phase I and proofofconcept Phase II trial will be performed in Australia using the CTN system under the authority of the Therapeutic Goods Administration(“TGA”). The Phase II trial is currently planned as a single arm open label combination therapy trial in women with brain metastasis from HER2+ breast cancer. Thepatients will receive INB03 in combination with an approved second line therapy for this disease – a combination that is shown to be highly effective in animalstudies. Patients will be followed until progression using a composite endpoint that includes both radiographic and medical endpoints. We will meet with the FDAafter during the POC Phase II trial. We may to expand the Phase II trial to the US under the authority of the FDA. Studies will be expanded to Europe and beyond asresources permit. Because there are no therapies similar to INB03 approved in any market and no therapies approved for the treatment of brain metastasis in womenfrom HER2+ breast cancer, we plan to take advantage of the regulatory opportunities afforded to therapies that treat small markets with a high unmet need. In theU.S., this includes Orphan Drug Designation and expedited programs for approval including Accelerated Approval, Breakthrough Therapy Designation, Fast TrackDesignation, and priority review (see “Government Regulation”). We cannot predict which, if any, of these programs we will benefit from without further discussionswith the FDA. Similar programs exist in the EU with the EMA. We will engage the EMA once we have initiated Phase II trials in the United States and Australia.Immunotherapy for Treatment of Alzheimer’s DiseaseXPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. XPro1595 is identical to INB03 and LivNate in every way but name. The nameXPro1595 will be used as the drug name in the Alzheimer’s disease development program. Microglial activation and neuroinflammation are important causes of thesynaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death that causes cognitive decline in patient with dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. The relationship between β amyloidplaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles, the traditional targets in AD drug development and neuroinflammation is complex. We believe targeting plaques and tanglesis not an effective treatment strategy, but that targeting neuroinflammation, the final common pathway of synaptic dysfunction and nerve cell death is. Substantialdirect preclinical data supports the use of XPro1595 in murine models of AD. Substantial indirect data supports use of XPro1595 in humans including a decreasedrisk of AD in patients treated with nonselective TNF inhibitors for rheumatoid arthritis and treatment using direct injection into paraspinous venous plexus.Because of different mechanism of action of XPro1595 compared to the nonselective TNF inhibitors, we expect a lower risk of immunosuppression anddemyelinating diseases such as MS.22We are planning an open label, biomarker directed, Phase I clinical trial in AUS that approaches AD as an immunologic disease. Patients with dementia whohave the diagnosis of AD with biomarkers of chronic inflammation that includes at least one of a hsCRP>1.5 mg/L, a ESR>10 mm/h, a HbgA1C>6.0% or are ApoE4positive will be treated with XPro1595 for 12 weeks. Three dosing cohorts are planned – 0.3, 1.0 and 3 mg per week as a subcutaneous injection. Patients will have 5groups of inflammatory biomarkers test before therapy, at 6 weeks and at 12 weeks. Biomarkers will be tested in blood and cerebral spinal fluid, white matter freewater will be determined by MRI and a “breath test” measuring exhaled volatile organ compounds will be used to determine a signature of inflammation in ADpatients. Finally, behavioral biomarkers of fatigue, depression aggression, anhedonia and sleep disorders, behaviors that are very sensitive to neuroinflammation,will be cataloged using validated scales to determine if these behaviors improve as neuroinflammation is brought under control. The first patient was enrolled in thelow dose 0.3mg/kg/week cohort in the last week of November 2019. The Safety Review Committee met by teleconference on January 7, 2020 to review the course ofthe patients in the first cohort and voted to open the second cohort, 1.0mg/kg/week, to enrollment. The first patients were enrolled in the cohort the second week ofFebruary 2020. We will be testing traditional measures of AD in blood, CSF and cognition, but we do not expect significant changes in a 12week trial. If AD patientstreated with XPro1595 tolerate the therapy well, and show improvement in biomarkers of neuroinflammation, the company may decide to pursue a larger, longer, fullypowered randomized Phase II trial to determine if prolonged treatment of neuroinflammation results in less cognitive decline in patients treated with XPro1595.Funding for the Phase I trial is provided by a combination of the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association and company funding including rebatesfrom the AUS R&D rebate scheme. If the Phase I is successful, additional funds will be needed to support execution of the Phase II trial and to produce additionalXPro1595 to support the clinical programs.XPro1595 Registration Studies and/or PartneringWe plan to aggressively pursue an efficient registration strategy using XPro1595 to improve the lives of patients with AD with biomarkers of inflammation.We believe AD is not the only indication for XPro1595 in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. We plan to pursue other indications inneurodegenerative diseases as resources become available. We have an active partnering position as it relates to XPro1595 development in neurodegenerative andneuropshyciatric diseases, although no partnering discussion are underway at this time. There are two partnering opportunities with this novel immunotherapy forthe treatment of neurologic and psychiatric diseases. The first is a traditional partnership focused on the developing the drug for all neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric applications. The second is a more focused partnership developing XPro1595 as part of a combination therapy for a company’s existing therapy.After completion of proofofconcept Phase II studies, we will decide what the most efficient registration strategy is available to the company with XPro1595. Wemay to have biopharma partners participate in this decision making. We may also seek to be acquired at this stage.ParttheCloud AwardThe Company was awarded a $1,000,000 grant, to be paid in tranches (the “PTC Award”) from the Alzheimer’s Association in connection with theAlzheimer’s Association’s Part the Cloud initiative, to advance XPro1595, and received an award letter from the Alzheimer’s Association on February 22, 2019detailing the conditions pertaining to the PTC Award (the “Award Letter”). Pursuant to the Award Letter, the total amount of the PTC Award is $1,000,000 and biannual payments were aligned with the following milestones outlined in the Award Letter: (i) $600,000 on June 15, 2019 upon regulatory approval for opening clinicaltrial and enrollment of first patient; (ii) if (i) is met, then $250,000 for the next segment (June 15, 2019 – December 15, 2019) if all patients enrolled in first cohort havereached onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the second cohort and (iii) if (ii) is met, then $150,000 for the next segment (December 15, 2019 –June 15, 2020) if all patients enrolled in the second cohort have reached the onemonth milestone and enrollment of the first patient in the third cohort. Pursuant tothe PTC Award, the Company received $600,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association during March 2019 and $250,000 from the Alzheimer’s Association duringNovember 2019 and recorded these amounts as contra research and development expense in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations during the yearending December 31, 2019 in accordance with our accounting policy.23Immunotherapy for the treatment of NASHLivNate is being developed for the treatment of NASH. LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595 in every way but name. The name LivNate will be usedas the drug name in the NASH development program. NASH is a pleiotropic disease with elements of metabolic, immunologic and fibrotic pathophysiologycontributing to disease development and progression. The Company believes targeting the metabolic and immunologic pathology is the best way to treat NASH.Furthermore, we believe there are three pathologic drivers of NASH, two which originate beyond the liver (refer to Figure 7 below). The peripheral pathologic loopincludes obesity and insulin resistance. The regional pathologic loop includes intestinal inflammation, interstinal leak and mesenteric fat, a source of inflammatoryfactors that are concentrated in portal blood. Finally, the local pathologic loop is caused by lipotoxicity and innate immune activation in the liver that results inhepatocyte death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the hallmarks of NASH. In murine studies of NASH, LivNate reverses insulin resistance, intestinal inflammation anddecreases the NAS (“NAFLD Activity Score”) and Fibrosis score suggesting that LivNate may be an effective therapy for the treatment of NASH.We are planning an open label Phase II study of patients with NASH. The study is planned as a proofofconcept study in patients with F3/F3 diseasedefined by noninvasive laboratory and imaging studies. Patients will be treated with LivNate for 6 months by once a week subcutaneous injection. We do not planto perform liver biopsies as any part of the study. If the study is positive, further development of LivNate in NASH will be considered. Further development mayinclude additional clinical trials alone or with a partner or divesting the program.LivNate Registration Studies and/or Partnering ProgramsBecause NASH is an exceptionally dynamic area of drug development, the Company will decide on a development and/or partnering program after thecompletion of the Phase II study. At this time, it is impossible to predict the development and commercial landscape or to know if LivNate can be used to treat NASHas a standalone drug or as part of combination therapy. Finally, the market for treatments of metabolic and inflammatory liver diseases may expand to include nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) in the near future. This market expansion may impact the Company’s development plans for LivNate.Challenges in the Market for Immunotherapy ProductsGovernment RegulationThe FDA and other federal, state, local and foreign regulatory agencies impose substantial requirements upon the clinical development, approval, labeling,manufacture, marketing and distribution of drug products. These agencies regulate, among other things, research and development activities and the testing,approval, manufacture, quality control, safety, effectiveness, labeling, storage, record keeping, advertising and promotion of our product candidates. The regulatoryapproval process is generally lengthy and expensive, with no guarantee of a positive result. Moreover, failure to comply with applicable FDA or other requirementsmay result in civil or criminal penalties, recall or seizure of products, injunctive relief including partial or total suspension of production, or withdrawal of a productfrom the market.Various regulatory authorities regulate, among other things, the research, manufacture, promotion and distribution of drugs in the United States under theFDA and other statutes and implementing regulations. The process required by the FDA before prescription drug product candidates may be marketed in the UnitedStates generally involves the following:●completion of extensive nonclinical laboratory tests, animal studies and formulation studies, all performed in accordance with the FDA’s GoodLaboratory Practice regulations;●submission to the FDA of an investigational new drug application, or IND, which must become effective before human clinical trials may begin;●for some products, performance of adequate and wellcontrolled human clinical trials in accordance with the FDA’s regulations, including Good ClinicalPractices, to establish the safety and efficacy of the product candidate for each proposed indication;●submission to the FDA of a new drug application or NDA;●satisfactory completion of an FDA preapproval inspection of the manufacturing facilities at which the product is produced to assess compliance withcurrent Good Manufacturing Practice, or cGMP, regulations; and●FDA review and approval of the NDA prior to any commercial marketing, sale or shipment of the drug.24The testing and approval process requires substantial time, effort and financial resources, and we cannot be certain that any approvals for our productcandidates will be granted on a timely basis, if at all.Preclinical tests include laboratory evaluations of product chemistry, formulation and stability, as well as studies to evaluate toxicity in animals and otheranimal studies. The results of preclinical tests, together with manufacturing information and analytical data, are submitted as part of an IND to the FDA. Somepreclinical testing may continue even after an IND is submitted. The IND also includes one or more protocols for the initial clinical trial or trials and an investigator’sbrochure. An IND automatically becomes effective 30 days after receipt by the FDA, unless the FDA, within the 30day time period, raises concerns or questionsrelating to the proposed clinical trials as outlined in the IND and places the clinical trial on a clinical hold. In such cases, the IND sponsor and the FDA must resolveany outstanding concerns or questions before any clinical trials can begin. Clinical trial holds also may be imposed at any time before or during studies due to safetyconcerns or noncompliance with regulatory requirements. An independent institutional review board, or IRB, at each of the clinical centers proposing to conductthe clinical trial must review and approve the plan for any clinical trial before it commences at that center. An IRB considers, among other things, whether the risks toindividuals participating in the trials are minimized and are reasonable in relation to anticipated benefits. The IRB also approves the consent form signed by the trialparticipants and must monitor the study until completed.The FDA offers several regulatory mechanisms that provide expedited or accelerated approval procedures for selected drugs in the indications on which weare focusing our efforts. These include accelerated approval under Subpart H of the agency’s NDA approval regulations, fast track drug development proceduresand priority review.We plan to seek orphan drug designation for INKmune for the treatment of ovarian carcinoma. The United States, European Union and other jurisdictionsmay grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a “rare disease or condition,” which, in the United States, is generally a disease or condition thataffects no more than 200,000 individuals. In the European Union, orphan drug designation can be granted if: the disease is life threatening or chronically debilitatingand affects no more than 50 in 100,000 persons in the European Union; without incentive it is unlikely that the drug would generate sufficient return to justify thenecessary investment; and no satisfactory method of treatment for the condition exists or, if it does, the new drug will provide a significant benefit to those affectedby the condition. If a product that has an orphan drug designation subsequently receives the first regulatory approval for the indication for which it has suchdesignation, the product is entitled to orphan exclusivity, meaning that the applicable regulatory authority may not approve any other applications to market thesame drug for the same indication, except in limited circumstances, for a period of seven years in the United States and 10 years in the European Union Orphan drugdesignation does not prevent competitors from developing or marketing different drugs for the same indication or the same drug for different indications. Orphandrug designation must be requested before submitting an NDA. After orphan drug designation is granted, the identity of the therapeutic agent and its potentialorphan use are publicly disclosed. Orphan drug designation does not convey an advantage in, or shorten the duration of, the review and approval process.However, this designation provides an exemption from marketing and authorization (NDA) fees. We plan to follow a similar path with INB03, although the preciseindication cannot be determined until we are farther along in the development process.25Clinical TrialsPhase 1 clinical trials typically involve the initial introduction of the product candidate into healthy human volunteers. In Phase 1 clinical trials, the productcandidate is typically tested for safety, dosage tolerance, absorption, metabolism, distribution, excretion and pharmacodynamics.Phase 2 clinical trials are conducted in a limited patient population to gather evidence about the efficacy of the product candidate for specific, targetedindications; to determine dosage tolerance and optimal dosage; and to identify possible adverse effects and safety risks.Phase 3 clinical trials are undertaken to evaluate clinical efficacy and to test for safety in an expanded patient population at geographically dispersedclinical trial sites. The size of Phase 3 clinical trials depends upon clinical and statistical considerations for the product candidate and disease, but sometimes caninclude several thousand patients. Phase 3 clinical trials are intended to establish the overall riskbenefit ratio of the product candidate and provide an adequatebasis for product labeling.Clinical trials involve the administration of the product candidate to human subjects under the supervision of qualified medical investigators according toapproved protocols that detail the objectives of the study, dosing procedures, subject selection and exclusion criteria, and the parameters to be used to monitorparticipant safety. Regulatory procedures differ in each country we will be working in., For example, in the US, each protocol is submitted, to the FDA as part of theIND for their review and consent before enrolling patients in the clinical trial. The US is not the only place to perform clinical trials. Most countries have systems inplace to allow academics and companies to sponsor clinical trials of novel therapies in patients. For financial and technical reasons, the Company will perform thePhase I clinical trials of our programs in the United Kingdom and Australia. The US will be included in the Phase II programs. Other venues such as Europe, Canada,Japan and other Pacific Rim countries may be included in the development program in the future. The first clinical trial with INKmune will be initiated in the UnitedKingdom. In the United Kingdom, the regulatory submission is made to the MHRA for a clinical trials authorization (“CTA”). This is a multistep process. TheCompany had a Scientific Advice meeting with the MHRA in September 2017 to discuss the INKmune Phase I/II trial in women with relapse/refractory ovariancancer including trial design, manufacturing processes and clinical trial execution. The MHRA gave recommendations on trial design, manufacturing controls andthe regulatory procedures needed to initiate the clinical trial. We received CTA approval from the MHRA for an INKmune trial in ovarian cancer on December 18,2018. The approval allows for the execution of the Phase I/II INKmune clinical trial in the United Kingdom. We plan to have two cancer clinics referring the 6 patientsneeded for the Phase I portion of the trial. The patients will be treated at the Phase I unit a university hospital. We expect all of the Phase I sites to be in London,United Kingdom. If the Phase I trial proceeds as planned, we expect to open the Phase II portion of the trial in early 2020. The Phase II trial will include at least 3other clinical sites in the United Kingdom and may include clinical sites in the US. Because 30 patients will be required to complete the Phase II portion of the trial,we expect to need sites in both the US and United Kingdom. The additional clinical sites in the United Kingdom or US have not been identified at this time. Noadditional regulatory procedures will be needed to add sites in the United Kingdom. To add sites in the US, we will need to file an IND with the FDA. Once the FDAapproves the IND, clinical sites can be opened. We have chosen relapsed/refractory ovarian cancer as the anticipated Phase 1 study for INKmune for a number ofreasons. Relapsed refractory is a disease with poor treatment options. Our preclinical data suggests INKmune may have advantages over other immunotherapies inthe treatment of ovarian cancer. Ovarian cancer has a sensitive and validated biomarker to measure disease burden – CA125. This allows the Company to accuratelyselect patients for the clinical trial and determine if INKmune therapy is effective. We believe that intraperitoneal delivery of INKmune is a lowrisk delivery strategyfor a phase 1 study. The patients we plan to enroll in the trial have their disease concentrated in the peritoneal cavity further supporting the use of intraperitonealdelivery. Finally, relapsed refractory ovarian cancer is an Orphan indication in the US. This provides regulatory advantages for registration of INKmune. INB03 willfollow a similar development strategy, but will use Australia for the Phase I programs. In Australia, clinical trials for INB03 are performed under the clinical trialsnotification (“CTN”) scheme authorized by the Therapeutic Good Administration (“TGA”). The TGA is the equivalent agency to the FDA in the US and the MHRAin the United Kingdom. We filed an Australian Clinical Trial Notification, or CTN, for INB03 and XPro1595 during the second quarter of 2018 and 2019 respectively.Applications were accepted in May 2018 and 2019 to allow us to initiate the Phase I trials in cancer and Alzheimer’s disease respectively. We have completed theoncology Phase 1 open label dose escalation trial in patients with advanced solid tumors and biomarkers of inflammation in their blood.26The Phase I trial has been completed and provided evidence of safety and a pharmacodynamic drug affect, decrease of inflammatory biomarkers, needed to move theprogram to a Phase II clinical trial in cancer. The Phase II clinical trial that will combine INB03 with approved second line therapy in patients with brain metastasis inwomen with Her2+ breast cancer. This is a combination trial where the addition of INB03 to approved second line therapy may provide a therapeutic alternative in adisease without any drugs approved. The Company has not lost interest in combining INB03 with CPI, but competition for patients is fierce in this arena. Our plan isto pursue treatment of tumors that express MUC4 as our lead indication. Tumors that express MUC4 are resistant to all forms of immunotherapy due to acombination of increased MDSC in the tumor, decreased inflammation in the tumor (a “cold” tumor) and direct effects of MUC4 and soluble TNF on HER2 function.If combination therapy with INB03 decreases MUC4 expression and changes the TME to make the “cold” tumor “hot”, then addition of a CPI will be warranted.Checkpoint inhibitors are immunotherapy drugs that target proteins in the tumor and immune cells to improve the adaptive immune response to the tumor byreversing immunologic strategies the cancer uses to evade the immune system. These drugs target PD1, PDL1 or CTLA4. As of April 2018, there are six checkpointinhibitors approved in the US (Ipilimumab, Atezolizumab, Avelumab, Durvalumab, Pembrolizumab, and Nivolumab). Additional checkpoint inhibitors to new andexisting targets are in development and will be approved in the coming years. Checkpoint inhibitors are having a significant impact on the treatment of cancer andare expected to be the largest selling class of cancer therapies by 2027. INB03 can impact the cancer market for CPI in two ways; i) increase the number of patientseligible for CPI by making “cold” tumors “hot” and ii) reverse resistance to CPI due to immunologic factors in the TME such as increased MDSC. Currently, only 2530% of patients treated with currently approved checkpoint inhibitors respond to therapy and many of these become refractory after a period of treatment. Thismeans at least 70% of patients are resistant to, or refractory to, checkpoint inhibitors. Experts agree that combination therapy is needed and necessary to improvethe response to checkpoint inhibitor therapy in resistant and refractory patients. To that end, companies with approved checkpoint inhibitors are looking forcompanion drugs improve patient response and expand market opportunities. The INB03 development program in cancer is designed to take advantage of our preclinical data and the needs to the cancer community to improve the safety and efficacy of checkpoint inhibitors. At this time, the combination trial to treattrastuzumab resistant HER2+ expressing cancer is our lead registration strategy for INB03. Current therapies for trastuzumab resistant cancers are used on a trial byerror approach. Using MUC4 expression as a biomarker for to predict trastuzumab resistance brings a precision medicine approach to this difficult clinical scenario.Addition of INB03 to the treatment regimen for treating HER2+ cancers may convert “cold” tumors to “hot” tumors making the eligible for treatment with CPI.Finally, the clinical development landscape for CPI combination therapies to treat CPI resistant therapies is chaotic. The design and successful completion of aPhase II trial is not guarantee of clinical relevance or commercial viability. There are multiple therapies on the market or in development for the treatment oftrastuzumab resistant breast cancer. The most prominent of antibody conjugates including adotrastuzumab emtansine (Kadycycla/TDM1, Genentech/Roche) andtrastuzumab deruxtecan (Enhertu, Daiichi Sankyo). To our knowledge, there are no drugs approved for the treatment of patients with HER2+ brain metastasis. CPI arenot active in HER2+ cancers but there is considerable interest in attempting to modify the TME to allow effective use of CPI in patients with advanced disease.Checkpoint inhibitor companies announced large partnering deal with companies producing checkpoint inhibitor potentiators – BMS/Nektar; BMS/IFM andMerck/Incyte. Experts agree that partnering in this arena will continue. The registration and development strategy for INB03 is multinational. The Phase II programmay enroll patients in other countries, including the United States after submitting an Investigational New Drug application, or IND, to the U.S. Food and DrugAdministration, or FDA. If partnering is successful at any stage of INB03 development, we expect the partner to influence the development and regulatory decisionsneeded with moving the drug to commercialization. Finally, combination therapy to treat patients resistant to trastuzumab or CPI are not the only oncologyapplication for INB03. INB03 can be combined with other immuneoncology therapy to improve efficacy, safety or both. INB03 can be used as part of combinationtherapy with immunooncology drugs, paired with tradition therapies such as cytotoxic chemotherapy, kinase inhibitors, cell therapies or radiation therapy. Thecompany is pursuing preclinical data in some of these areas. When and if positive developments occur, we will communicate them to our shareholders. There areother regulatory venues that will be important for both our products – the largest and most important is Europe. In Europe, the European Medicines Agencies(“EMA”) is responsible for authorization of clinical trials in member states. In EU, there may be a requirement to get individual country authorization at the same timeas EMA authorization. The initial development of INB03. XPro1595 and LivNate will occur in AUS followed by trials in the US. The development of INKmune willoccur primarily in the United Kingdom followed by trials in the US. XPro1595 is being developed for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease under a ParttheCloudAward received Feb 2019. The biomarker directed Phase I trial will be performed in AUS using a regulatory strategy identical to that used for INB03 in cancer.Regulatory approval to initiate the trial was received on February 8, 2019. The clinical trial will be performed at five sites in AUS. XPro1595 treats microglial activationand innate immune dysregulation may be the cause with Alzheimer’s disease in some patients. To our knowledge, there are few companies using an antiinflammatory strategy for the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease. Those companies include Denali Therapeutics (NASDAQ: DNLI); developing DNL747 that targetscritical signaling proteins in the TNF pathway that regulate inflammation and cell death. Alector (NASDAQ: ALEC) in partnership with Abbvie is developing AL002that targets TREM2 on microglial cells. Gliacure is targeting microglial cells in Alzheimer’s disease with a small molecule candidate GC021109. LivNate is beingdeveloped for the treatment of NASH. The Phase II trial will occur in AUS and NZ, is expected to require fewer than 5 clinical sites to complete enrollment. LivNateoffers a unique therapeutic strategy for the treatment of NASH by targeting peripheral, regional and local cycles of pathology that contribute to the developmentand progression of the disease. There are many drugs in development for NASH classified in three groups – antifibrotic, metabolic and antiinflammatory therapies.Drug development for the treatment of NASH has been difficult. In 2019, several programs failed in late stage development including seldapar (CYMABAY) andselonsertib (GILEAD). Currently, ocaliva by Intercept is expected to be the first drug to receive FDA approval for the treatment of NASH with by elafibranor byGENFIT is expected to be second. The list of companies with NASH therapies in earlier stages of development is long, including cenicriviroc by ALLERGAN, MGL3196 by MADRIGAL, VK2809 by VIKING Therapeutics and belapectin by GALECTIN. To our knowledge, the only true antiinflammatory strategy in development isan antiIL11 being developed by Boheringer Ingelheim most likely as part of combination therapy.27Clinical testing must satisfy extensive FDA regulations. Reports detailing the results of the clinical trials must be submitted at least annually to the FDA andsafety reports must be submitted for serious and unexpected adverse events. Success in early stage clinical trials does not assure success in later stage clinicaltrials. The FDA, an IRB or we may suspend a clinical trial at any time on various grounds, including a finding that the research subjects or patients are beingexposed to an unacceptable health risk.New Drug ApplicationsAssuming successful completion of the required clinical trials, the results of product development, preclinical studies and clinical trials are submitted to theFDA as part of an NDA. An NDA also must contain extensive manufacturing information, as well as proposed labeling for the finished product. An NDA applicantmust develop information about the chemistry and physical characteristics of the drug and finalize a process for manufacturing the product in accordance withcGMP. The manufacturing process must be capable of consistently producing quality product within specifications approved by the FDA. The manufacturer mustdevelop methods for testing the quality, purity and potency of the final product. In addition, appropriate packaging must be selected and tested and stability studiesmust be conducted to demonstrate that the product does not undergo unacceptable deterioration over its shelf life. Prior to approval, the FDA will conduct aninspection of the manufacturing facilities to assess compliance with cGMP.The FDA reviews all NDAs submitted before it accepts them for filing. The FDA may request additional information rather than accept an NDA for filing. Inthis event, the NDA must be resubmitted with the additional information and is subject to review before the FDA accepts it for filing. After an application is filed, theFDA may refer the NDA to an advisory committee for review, evaluation and recommendation as to whether the application should be approved and under whatconditions. The FDA is not bound by the recommendation of an advisory committee, but it considers them carefully when making decisions. The FDA may denyapproval of an NDA if the applicable regulatory criteria are not satisfied. Data obtained from clinical trials are not always conclusive and the FDA may interpret datadifferently than we interpret the same data. The FDA may issue a complete response letter, which may require additional clinical or other data or impose otherconditions that must be met in order to secure final approval of the NDA. If a product receives regulatory approval, the approval may be significantly limited tospecific diseases and dosages or the indications for use may otherwise be limited, which could restrict the commercial value of the product. In addition, the FDAmay require us to conduct Phase 4 testing which involves clinical trials designed to further assess a drug’s safety and effectiveness after NDA approval, and mayrequire surveillance programs to monitor the safety of approved products which have been commercialized. Once issued, the FDA may withdraw product approval ifongoing regulatory requirements are not met or if safety or efficacy questions are raised after the product reaches the market.28PostApproval RequirementsAny products manufactured or distributed by us pursuant to FDA approvals are subject to pervasive and continuing regulation by the FDA, including,among other things, requirements relating to recordkeeping, reporting of adverse experiences, periodic reporting, distribution, and advertising and promotion of theproduct. After approval, most changes to the approved product, such as adding new indications or other labeling claims, are subject to prior FDA review andapproval. There also are continuing, annual user fee requirements for any marketed products and the establishments at which such products are manufactured, aswell as new application fees for supplemental applications with clinical data. Pharmaceutical manufacturers and their subcontractors are required to register theirestablishments with the FDA and certain state agencies, and are subject to periodic unannounced inspections by the FDA and certain state agencies for compliancewith GMP, which impose certain procedural and documentation requirements upon us and our thirdparty manufacturers. Changes to the manufacturing process arestrictly regulated, and, depending on the significance of the change, may require prior FDA approval before being implemented. FDA regulations also requireinvestigation and correction of any deviations from cGMP and impose reporting requirements upon us and any thirdparty manufacturers that we may decide to use.Accordingly, manufacturers must continue to expend time, money and effort in the area of production and quality control to maintain compliance with cGMP andother aspects of regulatory compliance. If our future suppliers are not able to comply with these requirements, the FDA may, among other things, halt our clinicaltrials, require us to recall a product from distribution, or withdraw approval of the product.The FDA may withdraw approval if compliance with regulatory requirements and standards is not maintained or if problems occur after the product reachesthe market. Later discovery of previously unknown problems with a product, including adverse events of unanticipated severity or frequency, or with manufacturingprocesses, or failure to comply with regulatory requirements, may result in revisions to the approved labeling to add new safety information; imposition of postmarket studies or clinical studies to assess new safety risks; or imposition of distribution restrictions or other restrictions under a REMS program.The FDA closely regulates the marketing, labeling, advertising and promotion of pharmaceutical products. A company can make only those claims relatingto safety and efficacy, purity and potency that are approved by the FDA and in accordance with the provisions of the approved label. The FDA and other agenciesactively enforce the laws and regulations prohibiting the promotion of offlabel uses. Failure to comply with these requirements can result in, among other things,adverse publicity, warning letters, corrective advertising and potential civil and criminal penalties. Physicians may prescribe legally available products for uses thatare not described in the product’s labeling and that differ from those tested by us and approved by the FDA. Such offlabel uses are common across medicalspecialties. Physicians may believe that such offlabel uses are the best treatment for many patients in varied circumstances. The FDA does not regulate thebehavior of physicians in their choice of treatments. The FDA does, however, restrict manufacturer’s communications on the subject of offlabel use of theirproducts.Other Healthcare Laws and Compliance RequirementsOur sales, promotion, medical education, clinical research and other activities following product approval will be subject to regulation by numerousregulatory and law enforcement authorities in the United States in addition to FDA, including potentially the Federal Trade Commission, the Department of Justice,the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, or CMS, other divisions of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and state and local governments.Our promotional and scientific/educational programs must comply with the federal AntiKickback Statute, the civil False Claims Act, physician paymenttransparency laws, privacy laws, security laws, and additional federal and state laws similar to the foregoing.The federal AntiKickback Statute prohibits, among other things, the knowing and willing, direct or indirect offer, receipt, solicitation or payment ofremuneration in exchange for or to induce the referral of patients, including the purchase, order or lease of any good, facility, item or service that would be paid for inwhole or part by Medicare, Medicaid or other federal health care programs. Remuneration has been broadly defined to include anything of value, including cash,improper discounts, and free or reduced price items and services. The federal AntiKickback Statute has been interpreted to apply to arrangements betweenpharmaceutical manufacturers on one hand and prescribers, purchasers, formulary managers, and beneficiaries on the other. Although there are a number ofstatutory exceptions and regulatory safe harbors protecting some common activities from prosecution, the exceptions and safe harbors are drawn narrowly. Practicesthat involve remuneration that may be alleged to be intended to induce prescribing, purchases or recommendations may be subject to scrutiny if they do not qualifyfor an exception or safe harbor. Failure to meet all of the requirements of a particular applicable statutory exception or regulatory safe harbor does not make theconduct per se illegal under the federal AntiKickback Statute. Instead, the legality of the arrangement will be evaluated on a casebycase basis based on acumulative review of all its facts and circumstances. Several courts have interpreted the statute’s intent requirement to mean that if any one purpose of anarrangement involving remuneration is to induce referrals of federal healthcare covered business, the federal AntiKickback Statute has been violated. Thegovernment has enforced the federal AntiKickback Statute to reach large settlements with healthcare companies based on sham research or consulting and otherfinancial arrangements with physicians. Further, a person or entity does not need to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it to havecommitted a violation. In addition, the government may assert that a claim including items or services resulting from a violation of the federal AntiKickback Statuteconstitutes a false or fraudulent claim for purposes of the False Claims Act. Many states have similar laws that apply to their state health care programs as well asprivate payors.29Federal false claims and false statement laws, including the federal civil False Claims Act, or FCA, imposes liability on persons or entities that, among otherthings, knowingly present or cause to be presented claims that are false or fraudulent or not provided as claimed for payment or approval by a federal health careprogram. The FCA has been used to prosecute persons or entities that “cause” the submission of claims for payment that are inaccurate or fraudulent, by, forexample, providing inaccurate billing or coding information to customers, promoting a product offlabel, submitting claims for services not provided as claimed, orsubmitting claims for services that were provided but not medically necessary. Actions under the FCA may be brought by the Attorney General or as a qui tamaction by a private individual in the name of the government. Violations of the FCA can result in significant monetary penalties and treble damages. The federalgovernment is using the FCA, and the accompanying threat of significant liability, in its investigation and prosecution of pharmaceutical and biotechnologycompanies throughout the country, for example, in connection with the promotion of products for unapproved uses and other illegal sales and marketing practices.The government has obtained multimillion and multibillion dollar settlements under the FCA in addition to individual criminal convictions under applicable criminalstatutes. In addition, certain companies that were found to be in violation of the FCA have been forced to implement extensive corrective action plans, and haveoften become subject to consent decrees or corporate integrity agreements, restricting the manner in which they conduct their business.The federal Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, or HIPAA, created additional federal criminal statutes that prohibit, among otherthings, knowingly and willfully executing, or attempting to execute, a scheme to defraud any healthcare benefit program, including private thirdparty payors;knowingly and willfully falsifying, concealing or covering up a material fact or making any materially false, fictitious or fraudulent statement in connection with thedelivery of or payment for healthcare benefits, items or services; and willfully obstructing a criminal investigation of a healthcare offense. Like the federal AntiKickback Statute, the Affordable Care Act amended the intent standard for certain healthcare fraud statutes under HIPAA such that a person or entity no longerneeds to have actual knowledge of the statute or specific intent to violate it in order to have committed a violation.Given the significant size of actual and potential settlements, we expect that the government will continue to devote substantial resources to investigatinghealthcare providers’ and manufacturers’ compliance with applicable fraud and abuse laws. Also, many states have similar fraud and abuse statutes or regulationsthat may be broader in scope and may apply regardless of payor, in addition to items and services reimbursed under Medicaid and other state programs.Additionally, to the extent that our products, once commercialized, are sold in a foreign country, we may be subject to similar foreign laws.In addition, there has been a recent trend of increased federal and state regulation of payments made to physicians and other healthcare providers. ThePatient Protection and Affordable Care Act, as amended by the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act, or collectively, the Affordable Care Act, among otherthings, imposed new reporting requirements on certain manufacturers of drugs, devices, biologics and medical supplies for which payment is available underMedicare, Medicaid or the Children’s Health Insurance Program, with specific exceptions, for payments or other transfers of value made by them to physicians andteaching hospitals, as well as ownership and investment interests held by physicians and their immediate family members. Covered manufacturers are required tocollect and report detailed payment data and submit legal attestation to the accuracy of such data to the government each year. Failure to submit requiredinformation may result in civil monetary penalties of up to an aggregate of $150,000 per year (or up to an aggregate of $1 million per year for “knowing failures”), forall payments, transfers of value or ownership or investment interests that are not timely, accurately and completely reported in an annual submission. Additionally,entities that do not comply with mandatory reporting requirements may be subject to a corporate integrity agreement. Certain states also mandate implementation ofcommercial compliance programs, impose restrictions on covered manufacturers’ marketing practices and/or require the tracking and reporting of gifts, compensationand other remuneration to physicians and other healthcare professionals.30We may also be subject to data privacy and security regulation by both the federal government and the states in which we conduct our business. HIPAA,as amended by the Health Information Technology and Clinical Health Act, or HITECH, and their respective implementing regulations, imposes specifiedrequirements on certain health care providers, plans and clearinghouses (collectively, “covered entities”) and their “business associates,” relating to the privacy,security and transmission of individually identifiable health information. Among other things, HITECH makes HIPAA’s security standards directly applicable to“business associates,” defined as independent contractors or agents of covered entities that create, receive, maintain or transmit protected health information inconnection with providing a service for or on behalf of a covered entity. HITECH also increased the civil and criminal penalties that may be imposed against coveredentities, business associates and possibly other persons, and gave state attorneys general new authority to file civil actions for damages or injunctions in federalcourts to enforce HIPAA and seek attorney’s fees and costs associated with pursuing federal civil actions. In addition, certain states have their own laws thatgovern the privacy and security of health information in certain circumstances, many of which differ from each other and/or HIPAA in significant ways and may nothave the same effect, thus complicating compliance efforts.Coverage and ReimbursementSales of pharmaceutical products depend significantly on the extent to which coverage and adequate reimbursement are provided by thirdparty payors.Thirdparty payors include state and federal government health care programs, managed care providers, private health insurers and other organizations. Althoughwe currently believe that thirdparty payors will provide coverage and reimbursement for our product candidates, if approved, we cannot be certain of this. Thirdparty payors are increasingly challenging the price, examining the costeffectiveness, and reducing reimbursement for medical products and services. In addition,significant uncertainty exists as to the reimbursement status of newly approved healthcare products. The U.S. government, state legislatures and foreigngovernments have continued implementing cost containment programs, including price controls, restrictions on coverage and reimbursement and requirements forsubstitution of generic products. Adoption of price controls and cost containment measures, and adoption of more restrictive policies in jurisdictions with existingcontrols and measures, could further limit our net revenue and results. We may need to conduct expensive clinical studies to demonstrate the comparative costeffectiveness of our products. The product candidates that we develop may not be considered costeffective and thus may not be covered or sufficientlyreimbursed. It is time consuming and expensive for us to seek coverage and reimbursement from thirdparty payors, as each payor will make its own determination asto whether to cover a product and at what level of reimbursement. Thus, one payor’s decision to provide coverage and adequate reimbursement for a product doesnot assure that another payor will provide coverage or that the reimbursement levels will be adequate. Moreover, a payor’s decision to provide coverage for a drugproduct does not imply that an adequate reimbursement rate will be approved. Reimbursement may not be available or sufficient to allow us to sell our products on acompetitive and profitable basis.Healthcare ReformThe United States and some foreign jurisdictions are considering or have enacted a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell our products profitably. Among policy makers and payors in the United States and elsewhere, there issignificant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/or expanding access. Inthe United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected by major legislative initiatives.31By way of example, in March 2010, the Affordable Care Act was signed into law, intended to broaden access to health insurance, reduce or constrain thegrowth of healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add new transparency requirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries,impose new taxes and fees on the health industry and impose additional health policy reforms. Among the provisions of the Affordable Care Act of importance toour potential drug candidates are:●an annual, nondeductible fee on any entity that manufactures or imports specified branded prescription drugs and biologic agents, apportioned amongthese entities according to their market share in certain government healthcare programs;●an increase in the statutory minimum rebates a manufacturer must pay under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program to 23.1% and 13.0% of the averagemanufacturer price for branded and generic drugs, respectively;●a new methodology by which rebates owed by manufacturers under the Medicaid Drug Rebate Program are calculated for drugs that are inhaled,infused, instilled, implanted or injected;●a new Medicare Part D coverage gap discount program, in which manufacturers must agree to offer 50% pointofsale discounts off negotiated pricesof applicable brand drugs to eligible beneficiaries during their coverage gap period, as a condition for a manufacturer’s outpatient drugs to be coveredunder Medicare Part D;●extension of a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability to covered drugs dispensed to individuals who are enrolled in Medicaid managed careorganizations;●expansion of eligibility criteria for Medicaid programs by, among other things, allowing states to offer Medicaid coverage to additional individuals andby adding new mandatory eligibility categories for certain individuals with income at or below 133% of the federal poverty level, thereby potentiallyincreasing a manufacturer’s Medicaid rebate liability;●expansion of the entities eligible for discounts under the Public Health Service pharmaceutical pricing program; and●a new PatientCentered Outcomes Research Institute to oversee, identify priorities in, and conduct comparative clinical effectiveness research, alongwith funding for such research.In addition, other legislative changes have been proposed and adopted since the Affordable Care Act was enacted. These changes include, among others,the Budget Control Act of 2011, which mandates aggregate reductions to Medicare payments to providers of up to 2% per fiscal year effective April 1, 2013, and,due to subsequent legislative amendments, will remain in effect through 2024 unless additional Congressional action is taken. In January 2013, President Obamasigned into law the American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012, which, among other things, further reduced Medicare payments to several providers, including hospitalsand cancer treatment centers, increased the statute of limitations period for the government to recover overpayments to providers from three to five years. Thesenew laws may result in additional reductions in Medicare and other healthcare funding, which could have a material adverse effect on customers for our productcandidates, if approved, and, accordingly, our financial operations.We expect that the Affordable Care Act, as well as other healthcare reform measures that may be adopted in the future, may result in more rigorouscoverage criteria and lower reimbursement, and in additional downward pressure on the price that we receive for any approved product. Any reduction inreimbursement from Medicare or other governmentfunded programs may result in a similar reduction in payments from private payors. The implementation of costcontainment measures or other healthcare reforms may prevent us from being able to generate revenue, attain profitability or commercialize our drugs.EmployeesAs of March 3, 2020, we have four fulltime employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We do not haveany parttime employees. Corporate InformationWe were incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015. Our principal executive office is located at 1200 Prospect Street, Suite525, La Jolla, CA 92037 and our telephone number is (858) 9643720.32Item 1a. Risk FactorsYou should carefully consider the risks described below as well as other information provided to you in this document, including information in thesection of this document entitled “Information Regarding Forward Looking Statements.” If any of the following risks actually occur, the Company’s business,financial condition or results of operations could be materially adversely affected, the value of the Company’s Common Stock could decline, and you may lose allor part of your investment.RISKS RELATED TO OUR BUSINESSWe have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues to date.To date, we have no approved products on the market and have generated no product revenues. Until, and unless, we receive approval from the FDA andother regulatory authorities for our product candidates, we cannot sell our products and will not have product revenues. Therefore, for the foreseeable future, wewill have to fund all of our operations and capital expenditures from the net proceeds of the offering, cash on hand, licensing fees and grants and additionalfinancings, to the extent such financings can be obtained.We will need additional capital. If additional capital is not available or is available at unattractive terms, we may be forced to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations.In order to develop and bring our product candidates to market, we must commit substantial resources to costly and timeconsuming research, preclinicaland clinical trials and marketing activities. We anticipate that our existing cash and cash equivalents will enable us to maintain our current operations for at least thenext twelve months. We anticipate using our cash and cash equivalents to fund further research and development with respect to our lead product candidates. Wemay, however, need to raise additional funding sooner if our business or operations change in a manner that consumes available resources more rapidly than weanticipate. Our requirements for additional capital will depend on many factors, including:●successful commercialization of our product candidates;●the time and costs involved in obtaining regulatory approval for our product candidates;●costs associated with protecting our intellectual property rights;●development of marketing and sales capabilities;●payments received under future collaborative agreements, if any; and●market acceptance of our products, if any.To the extent we raise additional capital through the sale of equity securities, the issuance of those securities could result in dilution to our shareholders. Inaddition, if we obtain debt financing, a substantial portion of our operating cash flow may be dedicated to the payment of principal and interest on suchindebtedness, thus limiting funds available for our business activities. If adequate funds are not available, we may be required to delay, reduce the scope of oreliminate our research and development programs, reduce our commercialization efforts or curtail our operations. In addition, we may be required to obtain fundsthrough arrangements with collaborative partners or others that may require us to relinquish rights to technologies, product candidates or products that we wouldotherwise seek to develop or commercialize ourselves or license rights to technologies, product candidates or products on terms that are less favorable to us thanmight otherwise be available.The Company will require substantial additional funds to support its research and development activities, and the anticipated costs of preclinical studiesand clinical trials, regulatory approvals and eventual commercialization. Such additional sources of financing may not be available on favorable terms, if at all. If wedo not succeed in raising additional funds on acceptable terms, we may be unable to initiate clinical trials or obtain approval of any product candidates from theFDA and other regulatory authorities. In addition, we could be forced to discontinue product development, forego sales and marketing efforts and forego attractivebusiness opportunities. Any additional sources of financing will likely involve the issuance of our equity securities, which will have a dilutive effect on ourstockholders.33There is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Losses have principally occurred as a result of noncash stockbasedcompensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s product candidates which included the general andadministrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as the Company’sproducts are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months from the issuancedate of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect on the recoverability andclassification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Management intends to pursueadditional funding and implement its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however, there cannot be anyassurance that we will be successful in doing so. The opinion of our independent registered public accounts on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019, contains an explanatory paragraph regarding substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.There is no assurance that we will be successful in raising the additional funds needed to fund our business plan. If we are not able to raise sufficientcapital in the near future, our continued operations will be in jeopardy and we may be forced to cease operations and sell or otherwise transfer all or substantially allof our remaining assets.We face intense competition in the markets targeted by our lead product candidates. Many of our competitors have substantially greater resources than we do,and we expect that all of our product candidates under development will face intense competition from existing or future drugs.We expect that all of our product candidates under development, if approved, will face intense competition from existing and future drugs marketed by largecompanies. These competitors may successfully market products that compete with our products, successfully identify drug candidates or develop products earlierthan we do, or develop products that are more effective, have fewer side effects or cost less than our products, if any.Additionally, if a competitor receives FDA approval before we do for a drug that is similar to one of our product candidates, FDA approval for our productcandidate may be precluded or delayed due to periods of nonpatent exclusivity and/or the listing with the FDA by the competitor of patents covering its newlyapproved drug product. Periods of nonpatent exclusivity for new versions of existing drugs such as our current product candidates can extend up to three and onehalf years. See “Business — Government Regulation.”These competitive factors could require us to conduct substantial new research and development activities to establish new product targets, which wouldbe costly and time consuming. These activities would adversely affect our ability to commercialize products and achieve revenue and profits.Competition and technological change may make our product candidates and technologies less attractive or obsolete.We compete with established pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies that are pursuing other forms of treatment for the same indications we arepursuing and that have greater financial and other resources. Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than us, obtaining FDA approval forproducts more rapidly, or developing products that are more effective than our product candidates. Research and development by others may render our technologyor product candidates obsolete or noncompetitive, or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop. We face competition from companies thatinternally develop competing technology or acquire competing technology from universities and other research institutions. As these companies develop theirtechnologies, they may develop competitive positions that may prevent, make futile, or limit our product commercialization efforts, which would result in a decreasein the revenue we would be able to derive from the sale of any products.34There can be no assurance that any of our product candidates will be accepted by the marketplace as readily as these or other competing treatments.Furthermore, if our competitors’ products are approved before ours, it could be more difficult for us to obtain approval from the FDA. Even if our products aresuccessfully developed and approved for use by all governing regulatory bodies, there can be no assurance that physicians and patients will accept our product(s)as a treatment of choice.Furthermore, the pharmaceutical research industry is diverse, complex, and rapidly changing. By its nature, the business risks associated therewith arenumerous and significant. The effects of competition, intellectual property disputes, market acceptance, and FDA regulations preclude us from forecasting revenuesor income with certainty or even confidence.If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights, our ability to pursue the development of our technologies and products would be negatively affected.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents and maintain adequate protection of our technologies and products. If we do notadequately protect our intellectual property, competitors may be able to use our technologies to produce and market drugs in direct competition with us and erodeour competitive advantage. Some foreign countries lack rules and methods for defending intellectual property rights and do not protect proprietary rights to thesame extent as the United States. Many companies have had difficulty protecting their proprietary rights in these foreign countries. We may not be able to preventmisappropriation of our proprietary rights.We have received, and are currently seeking, patent protection for numerous compounds and methods of treating diseases. However, the patent process issubject to numerous risks and uncertainties, and there can be no assurance that we will be successful in protecting our products by obtaining and defendingpatents. These risks and uncertainties include the following: patents that may be issued or licensed may be challenged, invalidated, or circumvented, or otherwisemay not provide any competitive advantage; our competitors, many of which have substantially greater resources than us and many of which have made significantinvestments in competing technologies, may seek, or may already have obtained, patents that will limit, interfere with, or eliminate our ability to make, use, and sellour potential products either in the United States or in international markets; there may be significant pressure on the United States government and otherinternational governmental bodies to limit the scope of patent protection both inside and outside the United States for treatments that prove successful as a matterof public policy regarding worldwide health concerns; countries other than the United States may have less restrictive patent laws than those upheld by UnitedStates courts, allowing foreign competitors the ability to exploit these laws to create, develop, and market competing products.Moreover, any patents issued to us may not provide us with meaningful protection, or others may challenge, circumvent or narrow our patents. Thirdparties may also independently develop products similar to our products, duplicate our unpatented products or design around any patents on products we develop.Additionally, extensive time is required for development, testing and regulatory review of a potential product. While extensions of patent term due to regulatorydelays may be available, it is possible that, before any of our product candidates can be commercialized, any related patent, even with an extension, may expire orremain in force for only a short period following commercialization, thereby reducing any advantages of the patent.In addition, the United States Patent and Trademark Office (the “USPTO”) and patent offices in other jurisdictions have often required that patentapplications concerning pharmaceutical and/or biotechnologyrelated inventions be limited or narrowed substantially to cover only the specific innovationsexemplified in the patent application, thereby limiting the scope of protection against competitive challenges. Thus, even if we or our licensors are able to obtainpatents, the patents may be substantially narrower than anticipated.Our success depends on patent applications that are licensed exclusively to us and other patents to which we may obtain assignment or licenses. We maynot be aware, however, of all patents, published applications or published literature that may affect our business either by blocking our ability to commercialize ourproduct candidates, by preventing the patentability of our product candidates to us or our licensors, or by covering the same or similar technologies that mayinvalidate our patents, limit the scope of our future patent claims or adversely affect our ability to market our product candidates.35In addition to patents, we rely on a combination of trade secrets, confidentiality, nondisclosure and other contractual provisions, and security measures toprotect our confidential and proprietary information. These measures may not adequately protect our trade secrets or other proprietary information. If they do notadequately protect our rights, third parties could use our technology, and we could lose any competitive advantage we may have. In addition, others mayindependently develop similar proprietary information or techniques or otherwise gain access to our trade secrets, which could impair any competitive advantage wemay have.Patent protection and other intellectual property protection is crucial to the success of our business and prospects, and there is a substantial risk that suchprotections will prove inadequate.We license our patents from third party owners. If such owners do not properly maintain or enforce the intellectual property underlying such licenses, ourcompetitive position and business prospects could be harmed. Our licensors may also seek to terminate our license.We are a party to a number of licenses that give us rights to thirdparty intellectual property that is necessary or useful to our business. To this end, we aredependent on our licenses with Xencor, Inc., Immune Ventures, LLC and the University of Pittsburgh. Our success will depend in part on the ability of our licensorsto obtain, maintain and enforce our licensed intellectual property. Our licensors may not successfully prosecute any applications for or maintain intellectual propertyto which we have licenses, may determine not to pursue litigation against other companies that are infringing such intellectual property, or may pursue suchlitigation less aggressively than we would. Without protection for the intellectual property we license, other companies might be able to offer similar products forsale, which could adversely affect our competitive business position and harm our business prospects. If we lose any of our right to use thirdparty intellectualproperty, it could adversely affect our ability to commercialize our technologies, products or services, as well as harm our competitive business position and ourbusiness prospects.We are dependent on our licensing agreement with Xencor and the termination of this agreement could a have an adverse effect on our business.On October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement with Xencor, Inc., which has discovered and developed a proprietary biological moleculethat inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusive worldwide, royaltybearing license inlicensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials to make, develop, use, sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, orincorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of thelicensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combination with one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation. If webreach this Agreement Xencor may be able to terminate it and as a result of this terminate our business could be negatively impacted.Our officers and Directors own the company that we license our principal patent from.On October 29, 2015, we entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC, the owner of all the rights related to our principal patent.The license agreement relates to our natural killer program, INKmue. Immune Ventures is owned by our President and a member of our Board of Directors, DavidMoss, our Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, our Chief Scientific Officer. Because our officers and directors also own Immune Ventures theremay be an inherent conflict of interest which could result in unanticipated actions that adversely affect us.We have a limited operating history, and expect to incur significant additional operating losses.We are an early stage company formed in September 2015 and have only a limited operating history. Therefore, there is limited historical financialinformation upon which to base an evaluation of our performance. Our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, risks, expenses, and difficultiesfrequently encountered by companies in their early stages of operations. We expect to incur substantial additional operating expenses over the next several years asour research, development, and commercial activities increase. The amount of future losses and when, if ever, we will achieve profitability are uncertain. Our abilityto generate revenue and achieve profitability will depend on, among other things, successful completion of the preclinical and clinical development of our productcandidate; obtaining necessary regulatory approvals from the FDA and international regulatory agencies; implementing successful manufacturing, sales, andmarketing arrangements; and raising sufficient funds to finance our activities. If we are unsuccessful at some or all of these undertakings, our business, prospects,and results of operations may be materially adversely affected.36INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment that creates significant challenges for us.We believe INKmune represents a novel approach to cancer treatment. Advancing this novel therapy creates significant challenges for us, including:●Educating medical personnel regarding the potential side effect profile of INKmune;●Sourcing clinical and, if approved, commercial supplies for the materials used to manufacture and process our product candidates;●Obtaining regulatory approval, as the FDA and other regulatory authorities have limited experience with commercial development of immunotherapiesfor cancer; and●Establishing sales and marketing capabilities upon obtaining any regulatory approval to gain market acceptance of a novel therapy.Even if we are able to commercialize any product candidate that we develop, the product may become subject to unfavorable pricing regulations, thirdpartypayor reimbursement practices or healthcare reform initiatives that could harm our business.The commercial success of our product candidates will depend substantially, both domestically and abroad, on the extent to which the costs of our productcandidates will be paid by health maintenance, managed care, pharmacy benefit and similar healthcare management organizations, or reimbursed by governmenthealth administration authorities (such as Medicare and Medicaid), private health coverage insurers and other thirdparty payors. If reimbursement is not available,or is available only to limited levels, we may not be able to successfully commercialize our product candidates. Even if coverage is provided, the approvedreimbursement amount may not be high enough to allow us to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment.There is significant uncertainty related to thirdparty payor coverage and reimbursement of newly approved drugs. Marketing approvals, pricing andreimbursement for new drug products vary widely from country to country. Some countries require approval of the sale price of a drug before it can be marketed. Inmany countries, the pricing review period begins after marketing or product licensing approval is granted. In some nonU.S. markets, prescription pharmaceuticalpricing remains subject to continuing governmental control even after initial approval is granted. As a result, we might obtain marketing approval for a product in aparticular country, but then be subject to price regulations that delay commercial launch of the product, possibly for lengthy time periods, which may negativelyimpact the revenues we are able to generate from the sale of the product in that country. Adverse pricing limitations may hinder our ability to recoup our investmentin one or more product candidates, even if our product candidates obtain marketing approval.We depend on obtaining certain patents and protecting our proprietary rights.Our success will depend, in part, on our ability to obtain patents, maintain trade secret protection and operate without infringing on the proprietary rightsof third parties or having third parties circumvent our rights. We have filed and are actively pursuing a patent application for our product candidates. The patentpositions of biotechnology, biopharmaceutical and pharmaceutical companies can be highly uncertain and involve complex legal and factual questions. Thus, therecan be no assurance that our patent application will result in the issuance of a patent, that we will develop additional proprietary products that are patentable, thatany patents issued to us will provide us with any competitive advantages or will not be challenged by any third parties, that the patents of others will not impedeour ability to do business or that third parties will not be able to circumvent our patents. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that others will not independentlydevelop similar products, duplicate any of our products not under patent protection, or, if patents are issued to us, design around the patented products wedeveloped or will develop.37We may be required to obtain licenses from third parties to avoid infringing patents or other proprietary rights. No assurance can be given that any licensesrequired under any such patents or proprietary rights would be made available, if at all, on terms we find acceptable. If we do not obtain such licenses, we couldencounter delays in the introduction of products or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited.A number of pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and research and academic institutions have developed technologies, filedpatent applications or received patents on various technologies that may be related to or affect our business. Some of these technologies, applications or patentsmay conflict with our technologies or patent applications. Such conflict could limit the scope of the patents, if any, that we may be able to obtain or result in thedenial of our patent applications. In addition, if patents that cover our activities are issued to other companies, there can be no assurance that we would be able toobtain licenses to these patents at a reasonable cost or be able to develop or obtain alternative technology. If we do not obtain such licenses, we could encounterdelays in the introduction of products, or could find that the development, manufacture or sale of products requiring such licenses could be prohibited. In addition,we could incur substantial costs in defending ourselves in suits brought against us on patents it might infringe or in filing suits against others to have such patentsdeclared invalid.Much of our knowhow and technology may not be patentable. To protect our rights, we plan to require employees, consultants, advisors andcollaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. There can be no assurance, however, that these agreements will provide meaningful protection for our tradesecrets, knowhow or other proprietary information in the event of any unauthorized use or disclosure. Further, our business may be adversely affected bycompetitors who independently develop competing technologies, especially if we obtain no, or only narrow, patent protection.We are subject to various government regulations.The manufacture and sale of human therapeutic products in the U.S. and foreign jurisdictions are governed by a variety of statutes and regulations. Theselaws require approval of manufacturing facilities, controlled research and testing of products and government review and approval of a submission containingmanufacturing, preclinical and clinical data in order to obtain marketing approval based on establishing the safety and efficacy of the product for each use sought,including adherence to current cGMP during production and storage, and control of marketing activities, including advertising and labeling.The products we are currently developing will require significant development, preclinical and clinical testing and investment of substantial funds prior toits commercialization. The process of obtaining required approvals can be costly and timeconsuming, and there can be no assurance that we develop successfullythis product or any future products, or that this product or any future products we develop will prove to be safe and effective in clinical trials or receive applicableregulatory approvals. Potential investors and shareholders should be aware of the risks, problems, delays, expenses and difficulties which we may encounter in viewof the extensive regulatory environment which controls our business.If we are unable to keep up with rapid technological changes in our field or compete effectively, we will be unable to operate profitably.We are engaged in a rapidly changing field. Other products and therapies that will compete directly with the product that we are seeking to develop andmarket currently exist or are being developed. Competition from fully integrated pharmaceutical companies and more established biotechnology companies is intenseand is expected to increase. Most of these companies have significantly greater financial resources and expertise in discovery and development, manufacturing,preclinical and clinical testing, obtaining regulatory approvals and marketing than us. Smaller companies may also prove to be significant competitors, particularlythrough collaborative arrangements with large pharmaceutical and established biopharmaceutical or biotechnology companies. Many of these competitors havesignificant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9significant products that have been approved or are in development and operate large, wellfunded discovery and development programs. Academic institutions,governmental agencies and other public and private research organizations also conduct research, seek patent protection and establish collaborative arrangementsfor therapeutic products and clinical development and marketing. These companies and institutions compete with us in recruiting and retaining highly qualifiedscientific and management personnel. In addition to the above factors, we will face competition based on product efficacy and safety, the timing and scope ofregulatory approvals, availability of supply, marketing and sales capability, reimbursement coverage, price and patent position. There is no assurance that ourcompetitors will not develop more effective or more affordable products, or achieve earlier patent protection or product commercialization, than our own.38Other companies may succeed in developing products earlier than ourselves, obtaining FDA and European Medicines Agency (“EMA”) approvals forsuch products more rapidly than we will, or in developing products that are more effective than products we propose to develop. While we will seek to expand ourtechnological capabilities in order to remain competitive, there can be no assurance that research and development by others will not render our technology orproducts obsolete or noncompetitive or result in treatments or cures superior to any therapy we develop, or that any therapy we develop will be preferred to anyexisting or newly developed technologies.We may request priority review for our product candidate in the future. The FDA may not grant priority review for our product candidate. Moreover, even if theFDA designates such product for priority review, that designation may not lead to a faster regulatory review or approval process and, in any event, would notassure FDA approval.We may be eligible for priority review designation for our product candidate if the FDA determines such product candidate offers major advances intreatment or provides a treatment where no adequate therapy exists. A priority review designation means that the goal for the FDA to review an application in sixmonths, rather than the standard review period of ten months. The FDA has broad discretion with respect to whether or not to grant priority review status to aproduct candidate, so even if we believe a particular product candidate is eligible for such designation or status, the FDA may decide not to grant it. Thus, while theFDA has granted priority review to other oncology disease products, our product candidate, should we determine to seek priority review, may not receive similardesignation. Moreover, even if our product candidate is designated for priority review, such a designation does not necessarily mean a faster regulatory reviewprocess or necessarily confer any advantage with respect to approval compared to conventional FDA procedures. Receiving priority review from the FDA does notguarantee approval within an accelerated timeline or thereafter.We believe we may in some instances be able to secure approval from the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities to use accelerated developmentpathways. If we are unable to obtain such approval, we may be required to conduct additional preclinical studies or clinical trials beyond those that wecontemplate, which could increase the expense of obtaining, and delay the receipt of, necessary marketing approvals.We anticipate that we may seek an accelerated approval pathway for our product candidates. Under the accelerated approval provisions in the FederalFood, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, or FDCA, and the FDA’s implementing regulations, the FDA may grant accelerated approval to a product designed to treat a seriousor lifethreatening condition that provides meaningful therapeutic benefit over available therapies upon a determination that the product has an effect on a surrogateendpoint or intermediate clinical endpoint that is reasonably likely to predict clinical benefit. The FDA considers a clinical benefit to be a positive therapeutic effectthat is clinically meaningful in the context of a given disease, such as irreversible morbidity or mortality. For the purposes of accelerated approval, a surrogateendpoint is a marker, such as a laboratory measurement, radiographic image, physical sign, or other measure that is thought to predict clinical benefit, but is not itselfa measure of clinical benefit. An intermediate clinical endpoint is a clinical endpoint that can be measured earlier than an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortalitythat is reasonably likely to predict an effect on irreversible morbidity or mortality or other clinical benefit. The accelerated approval pathway may be used in cases inwhich the advantage of a new drug over available therapy may not be a direct therapeutic advantage, but is a clinically important improvement from a patient andpublic health perspective. If granted, accelerated approval is usually contingent on the sponsor’s agreement to conduct, in a diligent manner, additional postapproval confirmatory studies to verify and describe the drug’s clinical benefit. If such postapproval studies fail to confirm the drug’s clinical benefit, the FDA maywithdraw its approval of the drug.39Prior to seeking such accelerated approval, we will seek feedback from the FDA and will otherwise evaluate our ability to seek and receive such acceleratedapproval. There can be no assurance that after our evaluation of the feedback and other factors we will decide to pursue or submit a New Drug Application, or NDA,for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval. Similarly, there can be no assurance that after subsequent FDA feedbackwe will continue to pursue or apply for accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval, even if we initially decide to do so.Furthermore, if we decide to submit an application for accelerated approval or under another expedited regulatory designation (e.g., breakthrough therapydesignation), there can be no assurance that such submission or application will be accepted or that any expedited development, review or approval will be grantedon a timely basis, or at all. The FDA or other nonU.S. authorities could also require us to conduct further studies prior to considering our application or grantingapproval of any type. A failure to obtain accelerated approval or any other form of expedited development, review or approval for our product candidate would resultin a longer time period to commercialization of such product candidate, could increase the cost of development of such product candidate and could harm ourcompetitive position in the marketplace.Clinical drug development involves a lengthy and expensive process with an uncertain outcome. We may incur additional costs or experience delays incompleting, or ultimately be unable to complete the development and commercialization of our product candidate.Our product candidates are either in early clinical development or have not entered into clinical trials and are in development stage. Therefore, the risk offailure of our product candidates is high. It is impossible to predict when or if our product candidates will prove effective or safe in humans or will receive regulatoryapproval. Before obtaining marketing approval from regulatory authorities for the sale of any product candidate, we must complete preclinical development and thenconduct extensive clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans. Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design andimplement, can take many years to complete and is uncertain as to outcome. A failure of one or more clinical trials can occur at any stage of testing. The clinicaldevelopment of our product candidates is susceptible to the risk of failure inherent at any stage of drug development, including failure to demonstrate efficacy in aclinical trial or across a broad population of patients, the occurrence of severe or medically or commercially unacceptable adverse events, failure to comply withprotocols or applicable regulatory requirements and determination by the FDA or any comparable nonU.S. regulatory authority that a drug product is not safe oreffective for its intended uses. It is possible that even if our product candidate has a beneficial effect, that effect will not be detected during clinical evaluation as aresult of one or more of a variety of factors, including the size, duration, design, measurements, conduct or analysis of our clinical trials. Conversely, as a result ofthe same factors, our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any. Similarly, inour clinical trials we may fail to detect toxicity of or intolerability caused by our product candidates, or mistakenly believe that our product candidates are toxic ornot well tolerated when that is not in fact the case.The outcome of preclinical studies and early clinical trials may not be predictive of the success of later clinical trials, and interim results of a clinical trial donot necessarily predict final results. Many companies in the pharmaceutical and biotechnology industries have suffered significant setbacks in latestage clinicaltrials after achieving positive results in earlier development, and we cannot be certain that we will not face additional setbacks.The design of a clinical trial can determine whether its results will support approval of a product; however, flaws in the design of a clinical trial may notbecome apparent until the clinical trial is well advanced or completed. In addition, preclinical and clinical data are often susceptible to varying interpretations andanalyses. Many companies that believed their product candidates performed satisfactorily in preclinical studies and clinical trials have nonetheless failed to obtainmarketing approval for the product candidates. Even if we believe that the results of clinical trials for our product candidate warrant marketing approval, the FDA orcomparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree and may not grant marketing approval of our product candidate.In some instances, there can be significant variability in safety or efficacy results between different clinical trials of the same product candidate due tonumerous factors, including changes in trial procedures set forth in protocols, differences in the size and type of the patient populations, changes in and adherenceto the clinical trial protocols and the rate of dropout among clinical trial participants. Any clinical trials that we may conduct may not demonstrate the efficacy andsafety necessary to obtain regulatory approval to market our product candidate.If clinical trials of our product candidates fail to demonstrate safety and efficacy to the satisfaction of the FDA and comparable nonU.S. regulators, we mayincur additional costs or experience delays in completing, or ultimately be unable to complete, the development and commercialization of our productcandidates.We are not permitted to commercialize, market, promote or sell any product candidate in the United States without obtaining marketing approval from theFDA. Comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities, such as the EMA, impose similar restrictions. We may never receive such approvals. We must complete extensivepreclinical development and clinical trials to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of our product candidate in humans before we will be able to obtain theseapprovals.40Clinical testing is expensive, difficult to design and implement, can take many years to complete and is inherently uncertain as to outcome. We have notpreviously submitted an NDA to the FDA or similar drug approval filings to comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities for any product candidate.Any inability to successfully complete preclinical and clinical development could result in additional costs to us and impair our ability to generate revenuesfrom product sales, regulatory and commercialization milestones and royalties. In addition, if (1) we are required to conduct additional clinical trials or other testingof our product candidate beyond the trials and testing than we contemplate, (2) we are unable to successfully complete clinical trials of our product candidate orother testing, (3) the results of these trials or tests are unfavorable, uncertain or are only modestly favorable, or (4) there are unacceptable safety concernsassociated with our product candidate, we, in addition to incurring additional costs, may:●be delayed in obtaining marketing approval for our product candidate;●not obtain marketing approval at all;●obtain approval for indications or patient populations that are not as broad as we intended or desired;●obtain approval with labeling that includes significant use or distribution restrictions or significant safety warnings, including boxed warnings;●be subject to additional postmarketing testing or other requirements; or●be required to remove the product from the market after obtaining marketing approval.If we experience any of a number of possible unforeseen events in connection with clinical trials of any of our product candidates, potential marketingapproval or commercialization of that product candidate could be delayed or prevented.We may experience numerous unforeseen events during, or as a result of, clinical trials that could delay or prevent marketing approval of any of ourproduct candidates, including:●clinical trials of our product candidate may produce unfavorable or inconclusive results;●we may decide, or regulators may require us, to conduct additional clinical trials or abandon product development programs;●the number of patients required for clinical trials of our product candidate may be larger than we anticipate, patient enrollment in these clinical trialsmay be slower than we anticipate or participants may drop out of these clinical trials at a higher rate than we anticipate;●data safety monitoring committees may recommend suspension, termination or a clinical hold for various reasons, including concerns about patientsafety;●regulators or institutional review boards, or IRBs, may suspend or terminate the trial or impose a clinical hold for various reasons, includingnoncompliance with regulatory requirements or concerns about patient safety;●patients with serious, lifethreatening diseases included in our clinical trials may die or suffer other adverse medical events for reasons that may not berelated to our product candidate;●participating patients may be subject to unacceptable health risks;●patients may not complete clinical trials due to safety issues, side effects, or other reasons;41●changes in regulatory requirements and guidance may occur, which require us to amend clinical trial protocols to reflect these changes;●our thirdparty contractors, including those manufacturing our product candidate or components or ingredients thereof or conducting clinical trials onour behalf, may fail to comply with regulatory requirements or meet their contractual obligations to us in a timely manner or at all;●regulators or IRBs may not authorize us or our investigators to commence a clinical trial or conduct a clinical trial at a prospective trial site;●we may experience delays in reaching or fail to reach agreement on acceptable clinical trial contracts or clinical trial protocols with prospective trialsites;●patients who enroll in a clinical trial may misrepresent their eligibility to do so or may otherwise not comply with the clinical trial protocol, resulting inthe need to drop the patients from the clinical trial, increase the needed enrollment size for the clinical trial or extend the clinical trial’s duration;●we may have to suspend or terminate clinical trials of our product candidate for various reasons, including a finding that the participants are beingexposed to unacceptable health risks, undesirable side effects or other unexpected characteristics of a product candidate;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may disagree with our clinical trial design or our interpretation of data from preclinical studiesand clinical trials;●the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may fail to approve or subsequently find fault with the manufacturing processes or facilities ofthirdparty manufacturers with which we enter into agreements for clinical and commercial supplies;●the supply or quality of raw materials or manufactured product candidate or other materials necessary to conduct clinical trials of our productcandidate may be insufficient, inadequate, delayed, or not available at an acceptable cost, or we may experience interruptions in supply; and●the approval policies or regulations of the FDA or comparable nonU.S. regulatory authorities may significantly change in a manner rendering ourclinical data insufficient to obtain marketing approval.Product development costs for us will increase if we experience delays in testing or pursuing marketing approvals and we may be required to obtainadditional funds to complete clinical trials and prepare for possible commercialization of our product candidates. We do not know whether any preclinical tests orclinical trials will begin as planned, will need to be restructured or will be completed on schedule, or at all. Significant preclinical or clinical trial delays also couldshorten any periods during which we may have the exclusive right to commercialize our product candidates or allow our competitors to bring products to marketbefore we do and impair our ability to successfully commercialize our product candidates and may harm our business and results of operations. In addition, many ofthe factors that cause, or lead to, clinical trial delays may ultimately lead to the denial of marketing approval of our product candidates.If we experience delays or difficulties in the enrollment of patients in clinical trials, we may not achieve our clinical development on our anticipated timeline,or at all, and our receipt of necessary regulatory approvals could be delayed or prevented.We may not be able to initiate or continue clinical trials for INKmune or any other product candidate if we are unable to locate and enroll a sufficientnumber of eligible patients to participate in clinical trials. Patient enrollment is a significant factor in the timing of clinical trials, and is affected by many factors,including:●the size and nature of the patient population;●the severity of the disease under investigation;●the proximity of patients to clinical sites;42●the eligibility criteria for the trial;●the design of the clinical trial;●efforts to facilitate timely enrollment;●competing clinical trials; and●clinicians’ and patients’ perceptions as to the potential advantages and risks of the drug being studied in relation to other available therapies,including any new drugs that may be approved for the indications we are investigating.Our inability to enroll a sufficient number of patients for our clinical trials could result in significant delays or may require us to abandon one or moreclinical trials altogether. Enrollment delays in our clinical trials may result in increased development costs for our product candidates, delay or halt the developmentof and approval processes for our product candidates and jeopardize our ability to achieve our clinical development timeline and goals, including the dates by whichwe will commence, complete and receive results from clinical trials. Enrollment delays may also delay or jeopardize our ability to commence sales and generaterevenues from our product candidates. Any of the foregoing could cause the value of the Company to decline and limit our ability to obtain additional financing, ifneeded.We will need to obtain FDA approval of any proposed product brand names, and any failure or delay associated with such approval may adversely impact ourbusiness.A pharmaceutical product cannot be marketed in the U.S. or other countries until we have completed rigorous and extensive regulatory review processes,including approval of a brand name. Any brand names we intend to use for our product candidates will require approval from the FDA regardless of whether wehave secured a formal trademark registration from the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, or the USPTO. The FDA typically conducts a review of proposed productbrand names, including an evaluation of potential for confusion with other product names. The FDA may also object to a product brand name if it believes the nameinappropriately implies medical claims. If the FDA objects to any of our proposed product brand names, we may be required to adopt an alternative brand name forour product candidates. If we adopt an alternative brand name, we would lose the benefit of our existing trademark applications for such product candidate and maybe required to expend significant additional resources in an effort to identify a suitable product brand name that would qualify under applicable trademark laws, notinfringe the existing rights of third parties and be acceptable to the FDA. We may be unable to build a successful brand identity for a new trademark in a timelymanner or at all, which would limit our ability to commercialize our product candidates.We may rely on orphan drug status to develop and commercialize our product candidates, but orphan drug designation, if obtained, may not confer marketingexclusivity or other expected commercial benefits as anticipated.Market exclusivity afforded by orphan drug designation is generally offered as an incentive to drug developers to invest in developing and commercializingproducts for unique diseases that impact a limited number of patients. The FDA may grant orphan drug designation to drugs intended to treat a rare disease orcondition, which is generally a disease or condition that affects fewer than 200,000 individuals in the United States. Qualification to maintain orphan drug status isgenerally monitored by the regulatory authorities during the orphan drug exclusivity period, currently seven years from the date of approval in the United States.We intend to seek orphan drug designation in the United States for our product candidate for the treatment of AML and ovarian cancer and we expect torely on orphan drug exclusivity for our product candidate. Even if granted, orphan drug designation, and related market exclusivity, in the United States could belost. Further, even if we are granted orphan drug status, the FDA can still approve different drugs for use in treating the same indication or disease, which wouldcreate a more competitive market for us and our revenues will be diminished.Further, for our product candidate, it is possible that another company also holding orphan drug designation for the same product candidate will receivemarketing approval for the same indication before we do. If that were to happen, our applications for that indication may not be approved until the competingcompany’s period of exclusivity expires. Even if we are the first to obtain marketing authorization for an orphan drug indication, there are circumstances under whicha competing product may be approved for the same indication during the sevenyear period of marketing exclusivity, such as if the later product is shown to beclinically superior to the orphan product, or if the later product is deemed a different product than ours. Further, the sevenyear marketing exclusivity would notprevent competitors from obtaining approval of the same product candidate as ours for indications other than those in which we have been granted orphan drugdesignation, or for the use of other types of products in the same indications as our orphan product.43If the market opportunities for our product candidates are smaller than we believe they are, our revenues may be adversely affected and our business maysuffer. Because the target patient populations of our product candidates are small, we must be able to successfully identify patients and capture a significantmarket share to achieve and maintain profitability.We focus our research and product development on treatments for certain cancer indications. Our projections of both the number of people who havefailed other therapies or have limited medical options for such indications, are based on estimates. These estimates may prove to be incorrect and new studies maychange the estimated incidence or prevalence. The number of patients with such diseases in the United States, Europe and elsewhere may turn out to be lower thanexpected or may not be otherwise amenable to treatment with our products, or new patients may become increasingly difficult to identify or gain access to, all ofwhich would adversely affect our results of operations and our business. Additionally, because our target patient populations are small, we will be required tocapture a significant market share to achieve and maintain profitability.We may fail to comply with regulatory requirements.Our success will be dependent upon our ability, and our collaborative partners’ abilities, to maintain compliance with regulatory requirements, includingcGMP, and safety reporting obligations. The failure to comply with applicable regulatory requirements can result in, among other things, fines, injunctions, civilpenalties, total or partial suspension of regulatory approvals, refusal to approve pending applications, recalls or seizures of products, operating and productionrestrictions and criminal prosecutions.Even if our product candidates receive marketing approval, they may fail to achieve the degree of market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdpartypayors and others in the medical community necessary for commercial success and the market opportunity for the product candidates may be smaller than weestimate.We have never commercialized a product. Even if INKmune, INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, or any other product candidate we develop is approved by theappropriate regulatory authorities for marketing and sale, it may nonetheless fail to gain sufficient market acceptance by physicians, patients, thirdparty payors andothers in the medical community. For example, physicians are often reluctant to switch their patients from existing therapies even when new and potentially moreeffective or convenient treatments enter the market. Further, patients often acclimate to the therapy that they are currently taking and do not want to switch unlesstheir physicians recommend switching products or they are required to switch therapies due to lack of reimbursement for existing therapies.Efforts to educate the medical community and thirdparty payors on the benefits of our product candidate may require significant resources and may not besuccessful. If our product candidate is approved but does not achieve an adequate level of market acceptance, we may not generate significant revenues and wemay not become profitable. The degree of market acceptance of INmune or any other product candidate we develop, if approved for commercial sale, will depend ona number of factors, including:●the efficacy and safety of the product;●the potential advantages of the product compared to alternative treatments;●the prevalence and severity of any side effects;●the clinical indications for which the product is approved;●whether the product is designated under physician treatment guidelines as a firstline therapy or as a second or thirdline therapy;44●limitations or warnings, including distribution or use restrictions, contained in the product’s approved labeling;●our ability to offer the product for sale at competitive prices;●our ability to establish and maintain pricing sufficient to realize a meaningful return on our investment;●the product’s convenience and ease of administration compared to alternative treatments;●the willingness of the target patient population to try, and of physicians to prescribe, the product;●the strength of sales, marketing and distribution support;●the approval of other new products for the same indications;●changes in the standard of care for the targeted indications for the product;●the timing of market introduction of our approved products as well as competitive products and other therapies;●availability and amount of reimbursement from government payors, managed care plans and other thirdparty payors;●adverse publicity about the product or favorable publicity about competitive products; and●potential product liability claims.The potential market opportunities for our product candidate are difficult to estimate precisely. Our estimates of the potential market opportunities arepredicated on many assumptions, including industry knowledge and publications, thirdparty research reports and other surveys. While we believe that our internalassumptions are reasonable, these assumptions involve the exercise of significant judgment on the part of our management, are inherently uncertain and thereasonableness of these assumptions has not been assessed by an independent source. If any of the assumptions proves to be inaccurate, the actual markets forour product candidate could be smaller than our estimates of the potential market opportunities.Even if we obtain regulatory approvals for INKmune and/or INB03, XPro1595, LivNate, those approvals and ongoing regulation of our products may limithow we manufacture and market our products, which could prevent us from realizing the full benefit of our efforts.If we obtain regulatory approvals, INKmune and/or INB03 therapy, and the manufacturing facilities used for its production will be subject to continualreview, including periodic inspections, by the FDA and other United States and foreign regulatory authorities. In addition, regulatory authorities may imposesignificant restrictions on the indicated uses or marketing of INKmune or other products that we may develop. These and other factors may significantly restrict ourability to successfully commercialize INKmune.We and many of our vendors and suppliers will be required to comply with current Good Manufacturing Practices, or GMP, which include requirementsrelating to quality control and quality assurance as well as to the corresponding maintenance of records and documentation. Furthermore, any manufacturingfacilities will need to be approved by regulatory agencies before these facilities can be used to manufacture INKmune, and they will also be subject to additionalregulatory inspections. Any material changes we may make to our manufacturing process may require approval by the FDA and state or foreign regulatoryauthorities. Failure to comply with FDA or other applicable regulatory requirements may result in criminal prosecution, civil penalties, recall or seizure of products,partial or total suspension of production or withdrawal of a product from the market.We must also report adverse events that occur when our products are used. The discovery of previously unknown problems with INKMune, INB03 ormanufacturing facilities used to manufacture INKmune or INB03 may result in restrictions or sanctions on our products or manufacturing facilities, includingwithdrawal of our products from the market. Regulatory agencies may also require us to reformulate our products, conduct additional clinical trials, make changes inthe labeling of our product or obtain reapprovals. This may cause our reputation in the market place to suffer or subject us to lawsuits, including class action suits.45If our product candidates receive marketing approval and we, or others, later discover that the drug is less effective than previously believed or causesundesirable side effects that were not previously identified, our ability to market the drugs could be compromised.Clinical trials of our product candidates will be conducted in carefully defined subsets of patients who have agreed to enter into clinical trials.Consequently, it is possible that our clinical trials may indicate an apparent positive effect of a product candidate that is greater than the actual positive effect, if any,or alternatively fail to identify undesirable side effects. If, following approval of our product candidate, we, or others, discover that the drug is less effective thanpreviously believed or causes undesirable side effects that were not previously identified, any of the following adverse events could occur:●regulatory authorities may withdraw their approval of the drug or seize the drug;●we may be required to recall the drug or change the way the drug is administered;●additional restrictions may be imposed on the marketing of, or the manufacturing processes for, the particular drug;●we may be subject to fines, injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties;●regulatory authorities may require the addition of labeling statements, such as a “black box” warning or a contraindication;●we may be required to create a Medication Guide outlining the risks of the previously unidentified side effects for distribution to patients;●we could be sued and held liable for harm caused to patients;●the drug may become less competitive; and●our reputation may suffer.Any of these events could have a material and adverse effect on our operations and business.Any product candidate for which we obtain marketing approval, along with the manufacturing processes, qualification testing, postapproval clinical data,labeling and promotional activities for such product, will be subject to continual and additional requirements of the FDA and other regulatory authorities.These requirements include submissions of safety and other postmarketing information, reports, registration and listing requirements, good manufacturingpractices, or GMP requirements relating to quality control, quality assurance and corresponding maintenance of records and documents, and recordkeeping. Even ifmarketing approval of our product candidate is granted, the approval may be subject to limitations on the indicated uses for which the product may be marketed orto conditions of approval, or contain requirements for costly postmarketing testing and surveillance to monitor the safety or efficacy of the product. The FDAclosely regulates the postapproval marketing and promotion of pharmaceutical products to ensure such products are marketed only for the approved indicationsand in accordance with the provisions of the approved labeling.In addition, later discovery of previously unknown problems with our products, manufacturing processes, or failure to comply with regulatoryrequirements, may lead to various adverse results, including:●restrictions on such products, manufacturers or manufacturing processes;●restrictions on the labeling or marketing of a product;●restrictions on product distribution or use;46●requirements to conduct postmarketing clinical trials;●requirements to institute a risk evaluation mitigation strategy, or REMS, to monitor safety of the product postapproval;●warning letters issued by the FDA or other regulatory authorities;●withdrawal of the products from the market;●refusal to approve pending applications or supplements to approved applications that we submit;●recall of products, fines, restitution or disgorgement of profits or revenue;●suspension, revocation or withdrawal of marketing approvals;●refusal to permit the import or export of our products; and●injunctions or the imposition of civil or criminal penalties.We currently have no marketing and sales organization and have no experience in marketing products. If we are unable to establish marketing and salescapabilities or enter into agreements with third parties to market and sell our product candidates, we may not be able to generate product revenue.We currently have no sales, marketing or distribution capabilities and have no experience as a company in marketing products. If we develop internal sales,marketing and distribution organization, this would require significant capital expenditures, management resources and time, and we would have to compete withother pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies to recruit, hire, train and retain marketing and sales personnel.If we are unable or decide not to establish internal sales, marketing and distribution capabilities, we expect to pursue collaborative arrangements regardingthe sales, marketing and distribution of our products. However, we may not be able to establish or maintain such collaborative arrangements, or if we are able to doso, their sales forces may not be successful in marketing our products. Any revenue we receive would depend upon the efforts of such third parties, which may notbe successful. We may have little or no control over the sales, marketing and distribution efforts of such third parties and our revenue from product sales may belower than if we had commercialized our product candidates ourselves. We also face competition in our search for third parties to assist us with the sales, marketingand distribution efforts of our product candidates. There can be no assurance that we will be able to develop internal sales, marketing distribution capabilities orestablish or maintain relationships with thirdparty collaborators to commercialize any product in the United States or overseas.We face substantial competition from other pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies and our operating results may suffer if we fail to compete effectively.The development and commercialization of new drug products is highly competitive. We expect that we will face significant competition from majorpharmaceutical companies, specialty pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology companies worldwide with respect to INKmune and any other of our productcandidates that we may seek to develop or commercialize in the future. Specifically, due to the large unmet medical need, global demographics and relativelyattractive reimbursement dynamics, the oncology market is fiercely competitive and there are a number of large pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies thatcurrently market and sell products or are pursuing the development of product candidates for the treatment of cancer. Our competitors may succeed in developing,acquiring or licensing technologies and drug products that are more effective, have fewer or more tolerable side effects or are less costly than any productcandidates that we are currently developing or that we may develop, which could render our product candidates obsolete and noncompetitive.47We rely on key personnel and, if we are unable to retain or motivate key personnel or hire qualified personnel, we may not be able to grow effectively.We are dependent on certain members of our management, the loss of services of one or more of whom could materially adversely affect us. In particular,our success depends to a significant extent upon the continued services of Dr. Raymond J. Tesi, our President and CEO. Dr. Tesi has overseen INmune Bio sinceinception and provides leadership for our growth and operations strategy as well as being an inventor of our patents. Although we have entered into anemployment agreement with Dr. Tesi, if he were to nevertheless terminate his employment with us, the loss of the services of Dr. Tesi, would have a material adverseeffect on our growth, revenues, and prospective business. We are also highly dependent on the other principal members of our management and scientific team. Weare not aware of any present intention of any of our key personnel to leave our company or to retire. The loss of any of our key personnel, or the inability to attractand retain qualified personnel, may significantly delay or prevent the achievement of our research, development or business objectives and could materiallyadversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.Our ability to manage growth effectively will require us to continue to implement and improve our management systems and to recruit and train newemployees. There can be no assurance that we will be able to successfully attract and retain skilled and experienced personnel.Product liability lawsuits against us could divert our resources, cause us to incur substantial liabilities and limit commercialization of any products that wemay develop.We face an inherent risk of product liability claims as a result of the clinical testing of our product candidate despite obtaining appropriate informedconsents from our clinical trial participants. We will face an even greater risk if we commercially sell any product that we may develop. For example, we may be suedif any product we develop allegedly causes injury or is found to be otherwise unsuitable during clinical testing, manufacturing, marketing or sale. Any such productliability claims may include allegations of defects in manufacturing, defects in design, a failure to warn of dangers inherent in the product, negligence, strict liabilityor a breach of warranties. Claims could also be asserted under state consumer protection acts. If we cannot successfully defend ourselves against product liabilityclaims, we may incur substantial liabilities or be required to limit commercialization of our product candidate. Regardless of the merits or eventual outcome, liabilityclaims may result in:●decreased demand for our product candidate or products that we may develop;●injury to our reputation and significant negative media attention; ●withdrawal of clinical trial participants;●significant costs to defend resulting litigation;●substantial monetary awards to trial participants or patients;●loss of revenue;●reduced resources of our management to pursue our business strategy; and●the inability to commercialize any products that we may develop.Although we plan to maintain general liability insurance, this insurance may not fully cover potential liabilities that we may incur. The cost of any productliability litigation or other proceeding, even if resolved in our favor, could be substantial. In addition, insurance coverage is becoming increasingly expensive. If weare unable to obtain or maintain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or to otherwise protect against potential product liability claims, it could preventor inhibit the development and commercial production and sale of our product candidate, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition, results ofoperations and prospects.We will need to grow the size and capabilities of our organization, and we may experience difficulties in managing this growth.To execute our business plan, we will need to rapidly add other management, accounting, regulatory, manufacturing and scientific staff. We currently have4 full time employees and retain the services of additional personnel on an independent contractor basis. We will need to attract, retain and motivate a significantnumber of new additional managerial, operational, sales, marketing, financial, and other personnel, as well as highly skilled scientific and medical personnel, and toexpand our capabilities to successfully pursue our research, development, manufacturing and commercialization efforts and secure collaborations to market anddistribute our products. This growth may strain our existing managerial, operational, financial and other resources. We also intend to add personnel in our researchand development and manufacturing departments as we expand our clinical trial and research capabilities. Any inability to attract and retain qualified employees toenable our planned growth and establish additional capabilities or our failure to manage our growth effectively could delay or curtail our product development andcommercialization efforts and harm our business.48If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers do not maintain high standards of manufacturing, our ability to develop and commercialize our productcandidate could be delayed or curtailed.We and any third parties that we may use in the future to manufacture our products must continuously adhere to cGMP regulations rigorously enforced bythe FDA through its facilities inspection program. If our facilities or the facilities of third parties who produce our products do not pass a preapproval inspection,the FDA will not grant market approval for our product candidates. In complying with cGMP, we and any thirdparty manufacturers will need to expend significanttime, money and effort in production, recordkeeping and quality control to assure that each component of our product candidates meets applicable specificationsand other requirements. We or any of these thirdparty manufacturers may also be subject to comparable or more stringent regulations of foreign regulatoryauthorities. If we or any of our thirdparty manufacturers fail to comply with these requirements, we may be subject to regulatory action, which could delay or curtailour ability to develop, obtain regulatory approval of, and commercialize our product candidates. If our component part manufacturers and suppliers fail to providecomponents of sufficient quality, and that meet our required specifications, our clinical trials or commercialization of our product candidates could be delayed orhalted, and we could face product liability claims. There can be no assurance we can manufacture a scalable quantity of our product for clinical trials orcommercialization.If we or our thirdparty manufacturers use hazardous and biological materials in a manner that causes injury or violates applicable law, we may be liable fordamages.Our research and development activities involve the controlled use of potentially hazardous substances, including chemical and biological materials, by usand any thirdparty manufacturers. We and such manufacturers will be subject to federal, state and local laws and regulations in the United States governing theuse, manufacture, storage, handling and disposal of medical and hazardous materials. Although we will seek to ensure that our procedures for using, storing anddisposing of these materials comply with legally prescribed standards, we cannot completely eliminate the risk of contamination or injury resulting from medical orhazardous materials. As a result of any such contamination or injury, we may incur liability or local, city, state or federal authorities may curtail the use of thesematerials and interrupt our business operations. In the event of an accident, we could be held liable for damages or penalized with fines, and the liability couldexceed our resources. We do not have any insurance for liabilities arising from medical or hazardous materials. Compliance with applicable environmental laws andregulations is expensive, and current or future environmental regulations may impair our research, development and production efforts, which could harm ourbusiness, prospects, financial condition or results of operations.We plan to rely on third parties to conduct clinical trials for our product candidates. Any failure by a third party to meet its obligations with respect to theclinical development of our product candidate may delay or impair our ability to obtain regulatory approval for our product candidates.We plan to rely on academic institutions and private oncology centers to conduct clinical trials relating to our product candidates. Our reliance on thirdparties to conduct clinical trials could, depending on the actions of such third parties, jeopardize the validity of the clinical data generated and adversely affect ourability to obtain marketing approval from the FDA or other applicable regulatory authorities.Such clinical trial arrangements will provide us with information rights with respect to the clinical data, including access to and the ability to use andreference the data, including for our own regulatory filings, resulting from the clinical trials. If investigators or institutions breach their obligations with respect tothe clinical trials of our product candidate, or if the data proves to be inadequate, then our ability to design and conduct any future clinical trials may be adverselyaffected.49Our reliance on these third parties for research and development activities will reduce our control over these activities but will not relieve us of ourresponsibilities. For example, we will design our clinical trials and will remain responsible for ensuring that each of our clinical trials is conducted in accordance withthe general investigational plan and protocols for the trial. Moreover, the FDA requires us to comply with standards, commonly referred to as good clinical practices,or GCPs, for conducting, recording and reporting the results of clinical trials to assure that data and reported results are credible and accurate and that the rights,integrity and confidentiality of trial participants are protected. Our reliance on third parties that we do not control will not relieve us of these responsibilities andrequirements. We also are required to register ongoing clinical trials and post the results of completed clinical trials on a governmentsponsored database,ClinicalTrials.gov, within specified timeframes. Failure to do so can result in fines, adverse publicity and civil and criminal sanctions.Furthermore, these third parties may also have relationships with other entities, some of which may be our competitors. If these third parties do notsuccessfully carry out their contractual duties, meet expected deadlines or conduct our clinical trials in accordance with regulatory requirements or our statedprotocols, we will not be able to obtain, or may be delayed in obtaining, marketing approvals for our product candidate and will not be able to, or may be delayed inour efforts to, successfully commercialize our product candidate.We also expect to rely on other third parties to store and distribute drug supplies for our clinical trials. Any performance failure on the part of ourdistributors could delay clinical development or marketing approval of our product candidate or commercialization of our products, producing additional losses anddepriving us of potential product revenue.Recent legislative and regulatory activity may exert downward pressure on potential pricing and reimbursement for our products, if approved, could materiallyaffect our opportunity to commercialize such products.The United States and several other jurisdictions are considering, or have already enacted, a number of legislative and regulatory proposals to change thehealthcare system in ways that could affect our ability to sell any of our products profitably, if approved. Among policymakers and payors in the United States andelsewhere, there is significant interest in promoting changes in healthcare systems with the stated goals of containing healthcare costs, improving quality and/orexpanding access to healthcare. In the United States, the pharmaceutical industry has been a particular focus of these efforts and has been significantly affected bymajor legislative initiatives. There have been, and likely will continue to be, legislative and regulatory proposals at the federal and state levels directed at broadeningthe availability of healthcare and containing or lowering the cost of healthcare. We cannot predict the initiatives that may be adopted in the future. The continuingefforts of the government, insurance companies, managed care organizations and other payors of healthcare services to contain or reduce costs of healthcare mayadversely affect:●the demand for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to set a price that we believe is fair for any of our products, if approved;●our ability to generate revenues and achieve or maintain profitability;●the level of taxes that we are required to pay; and●the availability of capital.In March 2010, the Affordable Care Act, or the ACA, became law in the United States (see “Business — Government Regulation”). The goal of ACA is toreduce the cost of healthcare, broaden access to health insurance, constrain healthcare spending, enhance remedies against fraud and abuse, add transparencyrequirements for the healthcare and health insurance industries, impose taxes and fees on the health industry, impose additional health policy reforms, andsubstantially change the way healthcare is financed by both governmental and private insurers. While we cannot predict what impact on federal reimbursementpolicies this legislation will have in general or on our business specifically, ACA may result in downward pressure on pharmaceutical reimbursement, which couldnegatively affect market acceptance of any of our products, if they are approved.50We cannot predict what healthcare reform initiatives may be adopted in the future. Further federal, state and foreign legislative and regulatorydevelopments are likely, and we expect ongoing initiatives to increase pressure on drug pricing. Such reforms could have an adverse effect on anticipated revenuesfrom product candidates that we may successfully develop and for which we may obtain regulatory approval and may affect our overall financial condition andability to develop product candidates.Changes in U.S. patent law could diminish the value of patents in general, thereby impairing our ability to protect our products.As is the case with other pharmaceutical companies, our success is heavily dependent on intellectual property, particularly on obtaining and enforcingpatents. Obtaining and enforcing patents in the pharmaceutical industry involves both technological and legal complexity, and therefore, is costly, timeconsumingand inherently uncertain. In addition, the United States has recently enacted and is currently implementing wideranging patent reform legislation. Further, recentU.S. Supreme Court rulings have either narrowed the scope of patent protection available in certain circumstances or weakened the rights of patent owners in certainsituations. In addition to increasing uncertainty with regard to our ability to obtain patents in the future, this combination of events has created uncertainty withrespect to the value of patents, once obtained.In September 2011, the LeahySmith America Invents Act, or the American Invents Act, or AIA, was signed into law. The AIA includes a number ofsignificant changes to U.S. patent law, including provisions that affect the way patent applications will be prosecuted and may also affect patent litigation. TheUSPTO is currently developing regulations and procedures to govern administration of the AIA, and many of the substantive changes to patent law associated withthe AIA. It is not clear what other, if any, impact the AIA will have on the operation of our business. Moreover, the AIA and its implementation could increase theuncertainties and costs surrounding the prosecution of our patent application, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.An important change introduced by the AIA is that, as of March 16, 2013, the United States transitioned to a “firsttofile” system for deciding which partyshould be granted a patent when two or more patent applications are filed by different parties claiming the same invention. A third party that files a patentapplication in the USPTO after that date but before us could therefore be awarded a patent covering an invention of ours even if we had made the invention before itwas made by the third party. This will require us to be cognizant going forward of the time from invention to filing of a patent application. Furthermore, our ability toobtain and maintain valid and enforceable patents depends on whether the differences between our technology and the prior art allow our technology to bepatentable over the prior art. Since patent applications in the United States and most other countries are confidential for a period of time after filing, we cannot becertain that we were the first to either (1) file any patent application related to our product candidates or (2) invent any of the inventions claimed in our patents orpatent applications.Among some of the other changes introduced by the AIA are changes that limit where a patentee may file a patent infringement suit and providingopportunities for third parties to challenge any issued patent in the USPTO. This applies to all of our U.S. patents, even those issued before March 16, 2013.Because of a lower evidentiary standard in USPTO proceedings compared to the evidentiary standard in United States federal court necessary to invalidate a patentclaim, a third party could potentially provide evidence in a USPTO proceeding sufficient for the USPTO to hold a claim invalid even though the same evidencewould be insufficient to invalidate the claim if first presented in a district court action. Accordingly, a third party may attempt to use the USPTO procedures toinvalidate our patent claims that would not have been invalidated if first challenged by the third party as a defendant in a district court action.Business or economic disruptions or global health concerns could seriously harm our development efforts and increase our costs and expenses.Broadbased business or economic disruptions could adversely affect our ongoing or planned research and development activities. For example, inDecember 2019 an outbreak of a novel strain of coronavirus originated in Wuhan, China, and has since spread to a number of other countries, including the UnitedStates. To date, this outbreak has already resulted in extended shutdowns of certain businesses in the Wuhan region and has had ripple effects to businessesaround the world. Global health concerns, such as coronavirus, could also result in social, economic, and labor instability in the countries in which we or the thirdparties with whom we engage operate. We cannot presently predict the scope and severity of any potential business shutdowns or disruptions, but if we or any ofthe third parties with whom we engage, including the suppliers, clinical trial sites, regulators and other third parties with whom we conduct business, were toexperience shutdowns or other business disruptions, our ability to conduct our business in the manner and on the timelines presently planned could be materiallyand negatively impacted. It is also possible that global health concerns such as this one could disproportionately impact the clinical sites in which we conduct anyof our clinical trials, which could have a material adverse effect on our business and our results of operation and financial condition. The Company has not yetexperienced any known business disruptions as a result of the coronavirus.The United Kingdom’s vote in favor of withdrawing from the European Union could lead to increased market volatility which could make it more difficult forus to do business in the U.K. or have other adverse effects on our business.The United Kingdom approved the Withdrawal Agreement and left the European Union on January 31, 2020. As a result, we may face new regulatory costsand challenges that could have a material adverse effect on our operations. In addition, currency exchange rates in the pound sterling and the euro with respect toeach other and the U.S. dollar have already been adversely affected by Brexit. Should this foreign exchange volatility continue it could cause volatility in ourfinancial results. Further this could change or eliminate the R&D rebate program that the company uses to help fund R&D and clinical trials.51A cybersecurity incident and other technology disruptions could negatively affect our business and our relationships with customers.We use technology in substantially all aspects of our business operations. The widespread use of technology, including mobile devices, cloud computing,and the internet, give rise to cybersecurity risks, including security breach, espionage, system disruption, theft and inadvertent release of information. Our businessinvolves the storage and transmission of numerous classes of sensitive and/or confidential information and intellectual property, including information relating tosuppliers, private information about employees, and financial and strategic information about us and our business partners. If we fail to effectively assess andidentify cybersecurity risks associated with the use of technology in our business operations, we may become increasingly vulnerable to such risks. Additionally,while we have implemented measures to prevent security breaches and cyber incidents, our preventative measures and incident response efforts may not be entirelyeffective. The theft, destruction, loss, misappropriation, or release of sensitive and/or confidential information or intellectual property, or interference with ourinformation technology systems or the technology systems of third parties on which we rely, could result in business disruption, negative publicity, brand damage,violation of privacy laws, loss of customers, potential liability and competitive disadvantage.Risks Related to our Common StockThe Company’s common stock is controlled by insiders.The Company’s officers and directors beneficially own 71.68% of our outstanding common stock. Accordingly, shareholders may have no effective voice inthe management of the Company.We do not intend to pay dividends for the foreseeable future.We have paid no dividends on our common stock to date, and we do not anticipate paying any dividends to holders of our common stock in theforeseeable future. While our future dividend policy will be based on the operating results and capital needs of the business, we anticipate that we will retain anyearnings to finance our future expansion and for the implementation of our business plan. As an investor, you should take note of the fact that a lack of a dividendcan further affect the market value of our common stock, and could significantly affect the value of any investment in our Company.Our articles of incorporation allow for our board to create new series of preferred stock without further approval by our stockholders, which could adverselyaffect the rights of the holders of our common stock.Our Board of Directors has the authority to fix and determine the relative rights and preferences of preferred stock. Our Board of Directors will have theauthority to issue up to 10,000,000 shares of our preferred stock without further stockholder approval. As a result, our Board of Directors could authorize theissuance of a series of preferred stock that would grant to holders the preferred right to our assets upon liquidation, the right to receive dividend payments beforedividends are distributed to the holders of common stock and the right to the redemption of the shares, together with a premium, prior to the redemption of ourcommon stock. In addition, our Board of Directors could authorize the issuance of a series of preferred stock that has greater voting power than our common stockor that is convertible into our common stock, which could decrease the relative voting power of our common stock or result in dilution to our existing stockholders.We are subject to the reporting requirements of federal securities laws, which can be expensive and may divert resources from other projects, thus impairingour ability grow.We are a public reporting company and, accordingly, subject to the information and reporting requirements of the Exchange Act and other federal securitieslaws, including compliance with the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002 (the “SarbanesOxley Act”). The costs of preparing and filing annual and quarterly reports, proxystatements and other information with the SEC and furnishing audited reports to stockholders would cause our expenses to be higher than they would be if weremained privately held.52It may be time consuming, difficult and costly for us to develop and implement the internal controls and reporting procedures required by the SarbanesOxley Act. We may need to hire additional financial reporting, internal controls and other finance personnel in order to develop and implement appropriate internalcontrols and reporting procedures.We have elected to take advantage of specified reduced disclosure requirements applicable to an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act, theinformation that we provide to stockholders may be different than they might receive from other public companies.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no non binding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements; and●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting and delaying the adoption of newor revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until those standards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens. We have not taken advantage of any of these reduced reporting burdens in thisAnnual Report, although we may choose to do so in future filings. If we do, the information that we provide stockholders may be different than you might get fromother public companies that comply with public company effective dates.Our stock price may be volatile.The market price of our common stock is likely to be highly volatile and could fluctuate widely in price in response to various factors, many of which arebeyond our control, including the following:●changes in our industry;●competitive pricing pressures;●our ability to obtain working capital financing;●additions or departures of key personnel;●limited “public float” in the hands of a small number of persons whose sales or lack of sales could result in positive or negative pricing pressure on themarket price for our common stock;●sales of our common stock;●our ability to execute our business plan;●operating results that fall below expectations;●loss of any strategic relationship;●regulatory developments;53●economic and other external factors;●periodtoperiod fluctuations in our financial results; and●inability to develop or acquire new or needed technology or products.In addition, the securities markets have from time to time experienced significant price and volume fluctuations that are unrelated to the operatingperformance of particular companies. These market fluctuations may also materially and adversely affect the market price of our Common Stock.You may have difficulty trading and obtaining quotations for our common stock.Our securities are not actively traded, and the bid and asked prices for our common stock may fluctuate widely. As a result, investors may find it difficult todispose of, or to obtain accurate quotations of the price of, our securities. This severely limits the liquidity of the common stock and would likely reduce the marketprice of our common stock and hamper our ability to raise additional capital. There is a limited market for our securities. Accordingly, investors may therefore bearthe economic risk of an investment in the Securities thereof, for an indefinite period of time.Additional stock offerings in the future may dilute your percentage ownership of our company.Given our plans and expectations that we may need additional capital and personnel, we may need to issue additional shares of common stock or securitiesconvertible or exercisable for shares of common stock, including convertible preferred stock, convertible notes, stock options or warrants. The issuance ofadditional securities in the future will dilute the percentage ownership of then current stockholders.ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTSNot applicable.ITEM 2. PROPERTIESThe Company subleases approximately 1,000 square feet of office space in La Jolla, California from a related party, which serves as the headquarters of theCompany. We pay approximately $4,000 per month for this sublease which expires in July 2024. We believe our current facilities are suitable and adequate to meet ourcurrent needs.ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGSWe currently are not a party to any material litigation or other material legal proceedings. We may, from time to time, be subject to legal proceedings andclaims arising in the normal course of business.ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURESNot applicable.54PART IIITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIESCommon StockOur common stock trades under the symbol “INMB” on the Nasdaq and has been publicly traded since February 4, 2019. Prior to this time, there was nopublic market for our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, there were 38 holders of record of our common stock. Because shares of our common stock are held by depositories, brokers andother nominees, the number of beneficial holders of our shares is substantially larger than the number of record holders. Sales of Unregistered SecuritiesDuring December 2019, we issued to certain of our employees, consultants and directors, options to purchase an aggregate of 1,785,000 shares of ourcommon stock at a $3.91 exercise price. We deemed these issuances to be exempt from registration under the Securities Act either in reliance on Rule 701 of theSecurities Act as sales and offers under compensatory benefit plans and contracts relating to compensation in compliance with Rule 701, or in reliance on Section4(a)(2), as transactions by an issuer not involving a public offering. All recipients either received adequate information about our company or had access, throughemployment or other relationships, to such information. No underwriters were involved in the foregoing issuances of securities.On May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. for corporate governance, compliance servicesregarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement is from April 24, 2018 toMay 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, of which 200,000 shares wereto be issued on May 16, 2018 (these shares are not yet issued as of December 31, 2018), 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date ofthe Company’s registration statement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, theCompany recorded $4,626,000 of stockbased compensation expense during the year ended December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued.During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000 shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 sharesto Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently received a waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Companyrecorded a waiver of common stock issuable of $1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s commonstock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Purchases of Equity Securities by the IssuerThere were no repurchases of our common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019.Use of ProceedsOn February 4, 2019, the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of common stock in an initial public offering at a price of $8.00 per share pursuant to a RegistrationStatement on Form S1 (File No. 333227122) , which was declared effective by the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 19, 2018. The aggregateproceeds to the Company from the offering were $7,251,142 reflecting gross proceeds of $8,166,560 less offering costs of $915,418. During the period from theoffering through December 31, 2019, the Company used the proceeds from the initial public offering to fund operations, including our research and developmentactivities.55Equity Compensation Plan InformationThe following table provides certain information with respect to all of our compensation plans in effect as of December 31, 2019:Plan Category(A)Number ofSecurities to beIssued UponExercise ofOutstandingOptions,Warrants andRights(B)WeightedAverageExercise PriceofOutstandingOptions,Warrantsand Rights(C)Number ofSecuritiesRemainingAvailablefor FutureIssuanceUnder EquityCompensationPlans(excludingsecuritiesreflected incolumn(A))Equity Compensation Plans approved by stockholders3,417,000(1)$5.77274,525(2)Equity Compensation Plans not approved by stockholders———Total3,417,000$5.77274,525(1)Consists of shares subject to outstanding stock options, under the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”) and INmune Bio, Inc. 2017Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan) some of which are vested and some of which remain subject to the vesting of the respective equity award.(2)Consists of shares available for future issuance under the 2019 Plan and the 2017 Plan. As of December 31, 2019, an aggregate of 206,525 shares of commonstock were available for issuance under the 2019 Plan and 68,000 shares of common stock were available for issuance under the 2017 Plan.Dividend PolicyWe have not declared any cash dividends on our common stock since inception and do not anticipate paying such dividends in the foreseeable future. Weplan to retain any future earnings for use in our business operations. Any decisions as to future payment of cash dividends will depend on our earnings andfinancial position and such other factors as the Board of Directors deems relevant.Item 6. Selected Financial DataAs a smaller reporting company, as defined in Rule 12b2 promulgated under the Exchange Act, and in Item 10(f)91) of Regulation SK, we are electingscaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information required by this item.56ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONSYou should read the following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations in conjunction with our financial statementsand notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Annual Report. In addition to historical financial information, the following discussion and analysis containsforwardlooking statements that involve risks, uncertainties, and assumptions. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated by these forwardlooking statements as a result of many factors. We discuss factors that we believe could cause or contribute to these differences below and elsewhere in this Form10K, including those set forth under “Risk Factors” and “ForwardLooking Statements.”OverviewWe are a clinicalstage immunotherapy company focused on reprogramming the patient’s innate immune system to treat disease. We do this by targetingfour key cells of the innate immune system, natural killer, or NK cells, and myeloid derived suppressor cells, or MDSC, hepatic stellate cells of the liver, or HSC, andmicroglial cells of the central nervous system. NK cells are the body’s first line of defense due to their innate ability to rapidly seek and destroy abnormal cells, suchas cancer or virallyinfected cells, without prior exposure or activation by other support molecules required to activate adaptive immune cells such as Tcells. NKcells play a key role in the immunesurveillance that prevents people from getting cancer and in eliminating residual disease which may cause people to relapse aftercytotoxic therapy. MDSC are myeloid cells produced in the bone marrow, take up residence in the tumor microenvironment, the tissue associated with the cancerouscells, to protect the tumor from immunological attack by the patient’s immune system. MDSC play a critical role in making the cancer resistant to immunotherapysuch as currently approved checkpoint inhibitors. Microglial cells are the primary immune cells of the central nervous system responsible for protecting the neuralunit of microglia, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes and neurons from infection. In the setting of chronic inflammation, microglial cells become activated and causedysfunction of the other three cells types in the neural unit resulting in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. Hepatic stellate cells are immunologicallyactive cells that are part of the liver architecture that support hepatocyte function in health and disease. INB03, LivNate and XPro1595 are the identical drug used indifferent therapeutic arenas. INB03 is the name of the drug for cancer targeted applications. XPro1595 in the name of the drug for neurology and psychiatricindications. LivNate is the name of the drug for treatment of liver diseases.We believe INKmune, our NK cell directed therapy, and INB03, our MDSC directed therapy, and XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy and LivNate, orHSC directed therapy offer unique strategies to improve the response of patients’ innate immune system to their cancer, neurologic and liver disease respectively.These therapies will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitor the response to the therapy. For oncology,neither INB03 nor INKmune therapy is cancer specific. The decision to use either INKmune or INB03 as part of cancer therapies, or with each other, depends onimmunologic parameters that can be tested in patients before treatment. The type of cancer is not important. This means that both therapies can be used to treatpatients with a variety of hematologic malignancies and solid tumors that have the immunologic profile needed to respond. Put simply, we are treating the immunesystem to attack the patients’ cancer, not targeting the patient’s cancer directly.We believe that INKmune improves the ability of the patient’s own NK cells to attack their tumor. INKmune itself will not kill cancer cells. INKmuneinteracts with the patient’s NK cells to convert them from inert resting NK cells that ignores the cancer into primed NK cells that kill the cancer cell. INKmune is areplication incompetent proprietary cell line we have named INB16 that is given to the patient after determining that i) the patient has adequate NK cells in theircirculation and ii) those NK cells are functional when exposed to INKmune in vitro. INKmune is designed to be given to patients after their immune system hasrecovered after cytotoxic chemotherapy to target the residual disease the remains after treatment with cytotoxic therapy.Likewise, we believe XPro1595, our microglial directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to decrease neuroinflammation, a key pathophysiology inneurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases. XPro1595 will use a precision medicine approach to select patients who will benefit from the therapy and monitorthe response to the therapy. The therapy is not diagnosis specific but will be used in patients who have biomarkers of neuroinflammation. Our initial program withXPro1595 will be treating patients with Alzheimer’s disease with biomarkers inflammation.Likewise, we believe LivNate, our HSC directed therapy, offers a unique strategy to treat NASH by decreasing peripheral , regional and local inflammatorycycles that results in hepatocyte ballooning and death, hepatitis and fibrosis, the core pathophysiology of many inflammatory liver diseases. Our initial programwith LivNate will be treating patients with NASH.57INB03, shown in Figure 4 above, is an engineered protein therapeutic that neutralizes soluble TNF using DominantNegative technology. DominantNegative TNF biology is possible because of the unique properties of TNF. TNF is comprised of 3 identical proteins that form a homotrimer that bind the TNFreceptor. INB03, a mutated form of the monomer, can displace one or more of the monomers for the sTNF homotrimer to form a heterotrimer. The heterotrimer isunable to bind TNFR. Without sTNF/TNFR interaction, there is not biologic affect. This is shown in Figure 5 below.58The unique mechanism of action allows INB03 to be the only selective TNF inhibitor that affects only sTNF. All currently available TNF inhibitors are nonselective TNF inhibitors that block both sTNF and tmTNF. This functional difference shown in Figure 6 below translates into therapeutic differences. The mostobvious in the use of a TNF inhibitor in the treatment of cancer patients is related to safety. Nonselective TNF inhibitors are immunosuppressive because theyinhibit both sTNF and tmTNF. INB03 is not immunosuppressive because it inhibits only sTNF and allows tmTNF to function normally (please refer to Figure 3). Inanimal models of cancer, the combination of no sTNF with functional tmTNF after treatment with INB03 improved the immune response against the tumor comparedto animals treated with the nonselective TNF inhibitor etanercept (Vujanovic 2016). In summary, sTNF, by binding to TNFR1, is essential for MDSC proliferation bycausing phosphorylation of STAT3. Without the binding of sTNF to TNFR1, the proliferation of the MDSC stops and the MDSC population collapses. Without theimmunosuppressive shield provided by the MDSC population, the patient’s immune system, without concomitant immunotherapy, can attack the tumor. Asecondary effect of INB03 is to improve NK cellsdendritic cell (NK/DC) crosstalk to help expand patient’s antitumor immune response by recruiting cytotoxic Tcells of the adaptive immune system. tmTNF is essential to NK/DC crosstalk.We believe our innate immune system reprogram platforms provides unique strategies to repair the immunologic dysfunction that characterizes the innateimmune system of patients with cancer. The products can be used alone, in combination with other antitumor or immunotherapy treatments or with each other. Inthe near term, we are developing the products separately. After completion of proofofconcept Phase II trials, we will consider developing them as a combinationtherapy. Until we complete clinical trials, we cannot predict if either product will be successful when used alone, in combination with other therapies or incombination with each other.The mechanism of action for XPro1595 is identical to INB03, but the cell type targeted in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disease is different.Microglial cells are macrophage like immune cells that are unique to the central nervous system. Activated microglial cells produce inflammatory cytokines andphagocytos debris in the brain to promote normal function of the neural unit and protect the brain against infection. Chronic inflammation is a low grade, unrelentinginflammatory process that is destructive to the host resulting in dendritic pruning, synaptic dysfunction and cell dysfunction and death. Death of nerve cells cancause cognitive decline of AD, motor dysfunction of Parkinson’s disease or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (“ALS”). Death of oligodendrocytes that produce myelincan cause MS and other demyelinating diseases. In the brain, the unique action of XPro1595 to neutralize the destructive cytokine soluble TNF while promoting thefunction of the transmembrane TNF, the protective cytokine is unique. Neutralization of soluble TNF and polarization of the immunology to transmembrane TNFeffects prevents dendritic pruning and synaptic dysfunction, promotes phagocytosis of debris by microglial cells and prevents demyelinization of neurons. Theseeffects have benefits across a broad range of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatirc diseases. At this time, due to nondilutive funding provided by the ParttheCloud Award from the Alzheimer’s Association, we will focus our develop efforts on Alzheimer’s disease. The funding provided by the Alzheimer’s Associationsupports a Phase I trial. If the trial is successful and the Company decides to pursue additional development is AD, additional funding will be needed to support aPhase II trial. In the future, when resources become available, we may expand our activities other neurodegenerative or neuropsychiatric diseases.59The mechanism of action for LivNate is identical to INB03 and XPro1595, but the cell type targeted in liver disease is different. In the liver, LivNate targetsHSC, a key cell in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of the liver. Our first therapeutic program will use LivNate to treat NASH. NASH is a complex, but silentliver disease that has reached epidemic proportions in the US; soon to be the primary cause of liver transplantation in the US. The company views NASH as adisease of chronic inflammation caused by three inflammatory loops. The peripheral inflammatory loop is due to obesity and insulin resistance. The regionalinflammatory loop is due to intestinal inflammation and mesenteric fat. The local inflammatory loop is due to lipotoxicity and innate immune activation. Theseinflammatory loops combine to promote hepatitis, hepatocyte dropout and fibrosis – the hallmarks of NASH. Preclinical models of LivNate in NASH supportinitiating a clinical study next year.Figure 7: Three well defined inflammatory loops contribute the development and progression of NASH. The peripheral loop includes obesity and insulinresistance. Adipocytes contribute to systemic inflammation and insulin resistance that initiates fat deposition in the liver. As obesity and insulin resistanceprogress, the regional inflammatory loop begins to contribute to the disease. The intense inflammation associated with mesenteric fat and intestinal inflammationsecondary to a leaky gut target the liver directly via the portal vein. The combination of peripheral and regional inflammation results in lipotoxicity and activation ofresident innate immune cells in the liver results in the local inflammatory loop that causes hepatitis, hepatocyte ballooning and death, and fibrosis the pathologichallmarks of NASH. Based on preclinical data, LivNate appears to target, directly or indirectly, multiple elements of the inflammatory loops by decreasing adipocyteinflammation in peripheral and mesenteric fat, improving insulin resistance, decreasing the intestinal leak associated with intestinal inflammation, reducing hepaticlipotoxicity, liver inflammation, hepatocyte ballooning and fibrosis.Mesenchymal Stem Cells (“MSC”) are pluripotent cells with potent immunologic effects which can be used alone as an antiinflammatory treatment strategyor a vector to deliver gene therapy. We have access to a large quantity of human, GMPgrade MSC that can be repurposed for use in medical research or clinicaltrials. We plan to sell these cells to third parties. We may expand this activity in the future to include positioning the Company as a contract manufacturer forcompanies developing MSC products or developing our own MSC based products. At this time, the program will be selfsustaining and growing on reinvestment ofrevenues from the sale of the MSC products.60Our Integrated Discovery and Development Process. Our focus on reprogramming the patient’s immune system to better attack disease allows forsynergies between the development and discovery process. A majority of our effort is focused on the development process that includes improving themanufacturing systems for INKmune and the DNTNF platform (INB03/XPro1595/LivNate) and optimizing bioassays to be used during the clinical trials. Thesemanufacturing and monitoring programs may produce discoveries that the company can capitalize on as product improvements or new products. INB03 has usesbeyond treatment of resistance to immunotherapy in oncology, and XPro1595 has uses beyond the treatment of AD in the treatment of neurodegenerative andneuropsychiatric diseases. The DNTNF platform may have therapeutic opportunities in other diseases including cardiovascular diseases including arrythmias,congestive heart failure, renal disease and metabolic diseases including nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (“NAFLD”) and other inflammatory diseases of the liver andgastrointestinal tract. Although the Company will focus on the immunooncology uses of INB03, the treatment of NASH with LivNate and the treatment of AD withXPro1595 in the nearterm, the Company plans to expand the development into other indications as resources become available. All attempts will be made to fundnew research and development with nondilutive resources that come from grants or revenue from sales of the MSC products. Since our inception in 2015, we have devoted substantially all of our resources to the discovery and development of our product candidates, includingpreparing for clinical trials, drug manufacturing and funding general and administrative support for these operations. To date, we have generated no revenue. Wehave incurred net losses in each year since our inception and, as of December 31, 2019, we had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181. Our net losses were $7,678,313and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Substantially all of our net losses resulted from costs incurred in connection with ourresearch and development programs and from general and administrative costs associated with our operations, including stockbased compensation.We do not expect to generate revenue from product sales of INKmune or any products from the DNTNF platform until we successfully completedevelopment and obtain marketing approval for one or more of our product candidates. We do not expect that to happen for at least the next several years, if ever.Until such time that we can generate substantial revenue from product sales, if ever, we expect to finance our operating activities through a combination of equityofferings, debt financings, government or other thirdparty funding, marketing and distribution arrangements and other collaborations, strategic alliances andlicensing arrangements. However, we may be unable to raise additional funds or enter into such other arrangements when needed on favorable terms or at all, whichwould have a negative impact on our financial condition and could force us to delay, limit, reduce or terminate our research and development programs orcommercialization efforts. Failure to receive additional funding could cause the Company to fail.As a company with less than $1 billion in revenue during our last fiscal year, we qualify as an “emerging growth company” under the JOBS Act. As anemerging growth company, we may take advantage of specified reduced disclosure and other requirements that are otherwise applicable generally to publiccompanies. These provisions include:●only two years of audited financial statements in addition to any required unaudited interim financial statements with correspondingly reduced“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” disclosure;●reduced disclosure about our executive compensation arrangements;●no nonbinding advisory votes on executive compensation or golden parachute arrangements;●exemption from the auditor attestation requirement in the assessment of our internal control over financial reporting; and●delaying the adoption of new or revised accounting standards that have different effective dates for public and private companies until thosestandards apply to private companies.We have elected to take advantage of the abovereferenced exemptions and we may take advantage of these exemptions for up to five years or such earliertime that we are no longer an emerging growth company. We would cease to be an emerging growth company if we have more than $1 billion in annual revenues, wehave more than $700 million in market value of our stock held by nonaffiliates, or we issue more than $1 billion of nonconvertible debt over a threeyear period. Wemay choose to take advantage of some but not all of these reduced burdens.61Components of Operating ResultsOperating ExpensesResearch and DevelopmentResearch and development expense consists of expenses incurred while performing research and development activities to discover and develop ourproduct candidates. This includes conducting preclinical studies and clinical trials, manufacturing development efforts and activities related to regulatory filings forproduct candidates. We recognize research and development expenses as they are incurred. Our research and development expense primarily consist of:●clinical trial and regulatoryrelated costs;●expenses incurred under agreements with investigative sites and consultants that conduct our clinical trials;●manufacturing and testing costs and related supplies and materials; and●employeerelated expenses, including salaries, benefits, travel and stockbased compensationWe typically use our employee, consultant and infrastructure resources across our development programs. We track outsourced development costs byproduct candidate or development program, but we do not allocate personnel costs, other internal costs or external consultant costs to specific product candidatesor development programs.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in Australia, in the Australian research and development tax incentive program, such that apercentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the Australian government, and such incentives are reflected as a reductionof research and development expense. The Australian research and development tax incentive is recognized when there is reasonable assurance that the incentivewill be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.We participate, through our whollyowned subsidiary in the United Kingdom, in the research and development program provided by the United Kingdomtax relief program, such that a percentage of our qualifying research and development expenditures are reimbursed by the United Kingdom government, and suchincentives are reflected as a reduction of research and development expense. The United Kingdom research and development tax incentive is recognized when thereis reasonable assurance that the incentive will be received, the relevant expenditure has been incurred and the amount of the consideration can be reliably measured.Substantially all of our research and development expenses to date have been incurred in connection with our current and future product candidates. Weexpect our research and development expenses to increase significantly for the foreseeable future as we advance an increased number of our product candidatesthrough clinical development, including the conduct of our planned clinical trials and manufacturing drug to be used in those clinical trials. The process ofconducting clinical trials necessary to obtain regulatory approval is costly and time consuming. The successful development of product candidates is highlyuncertain. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the nature, timing or costs required to complete the remaining development of any product candidates. This isdue to the numerous risks and uncertainties associated with the development of product candidates.62The costs of clinical trials may vary significantly over the life of a project owing to, but not limited to, the following:●per patient trial costs;●the number of sites included in the clinical trials;●the countries in which the clinical trials are conducted;●the length of time required to enroll eligible patients;●the number of patients that participate in the clinical trials;●the number of doses that patients receive;●the cost of comparative agents used in clinical trials;●the dropout or discontinuation rates of patients;●potential additional safety monitoring or other studies requested by regulatory agencies;●the duration of patient followup;●the efficacy and safety profile of the product candidate; and●the cost of manufacturing, finishing, labeling and storage drug used in the clinical trialWe do not expect any of our product candidates to be commercially available for at least the next several years, if ever. We expect to continue to incursignificant expenses and increasing operating losses for the foreseeable future, which may fluctuate significantly from quartertoquarter and yeartoyear. Weanticipate that our expenses will increase substantially as we:●continue research and development, including preclinical and clinical development of our existing product candidates;●potentially seek regulatory approval for our product candidates;●seek to discover and develop additional product candidates;●establish a commercialization infrastructure and scale up our manufacturing and distribution capabilities to commercialize any of our productcandidates for which we may obtain regulatory approval;●seek to comply with regulatory standards and laws;●maintain, leverage and expand our intellectual property portfolio;●hire clinical, manufacturing, scientific and other personnel to support our product candidates development and future commercialization efforts;●add operational, financial and management information systems and personnel; and●incur additional legal, accounting and other expenses in operating as a public company.General and Administrative ExpensesGeneral and administrative expenses consist principally of payroll and personnel expenses, including stockbased compensation; professional fees for legal,consulting, accounting and tax services; overhead, including rent and utilities; and other general operating expenses not otherwise classified as research anddevelopment expenses.Waiver of Common Stock IssuableWaiver of common stock issuable consists of a reversal of stockbased compensation for a consultant that permanently waived the Company issuing200,000 shares owed to the consultant which were expensed in a prior period.Other incomeOther income primarily consists of interest income on money market accounts.63Critical Accounting Policies and Significant Judgments and EstimatesThis management’s discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations is based on our financial statements, which we haveprepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. The preparation of our financial statements requires us to make estimatesand assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of our financialstatements, as well as the reported revenues and expenses during the reported periods. We evaluate these estimates and judgments on an ongoing basis. We baseour estimates on historical experience and on various other factors that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances, the results of which form the basis formaking judgments about the carrying value of assets and liabilities that are not readily apparent from other sources. Actual results may differ from these estimatesunder different assumptions or conditions.InProcess Research and DevelopmentThe Company evaluates the carrying value of indefinitelived intangible assets, which consists of inprocess research and development (“IPR&D”), on anannual basis or more frequently when indicators of impairment exist. An impairment of indefinitelived intangible assets would occur if the fair value of the intangibleasset is less than the carrying value. Intangible assets with finite lives are tested for impairment when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carryingamount of such assets may not be recoverable. If these facts and circumstances exist, the Company assesses for recovery by comparing the carrying values of theassets with their future undiscounted net cash flows. Significant management judgment is required in the forecast of future operating results that are used in thepreparation of expected undiscounted cash flows.IPR&D assets are considered to be indefinitelived until the completion or abandonment of the associated research and development projects. During theperiod the assets are considered indefinitelived, they are tested for impairment. If the related project is terminated or abandoned, the Company may have a full orpartial impairment related to the IPR&D assets, calculated as the excess of their carrying value over fair value. The valuation process is very complex and requiressignificant input and judgment using internal and external sources with respect to the Company’s future revenue and expense growth rates, changes in workingcapital use, the selection of an appropriate discount rate, and other assumptions and estimates.StockBased CompensationWe measure and recognize compensation expense for all stockbased awards granted to service providers. employees, and directors based on the estimatedfair value of the award on the grant date. We calculate the estimated fair value of stock options on the date of grant using the BlackScholes optionpricing model,which is impacted by the fair value of our common stock, as well as changes in assumptions regarding a number of highly complex and subjective variables. Thesevariables include, but are not limited to, the market value of common stock on the grant date, the expected dividend yield, the expected term of the awards, the riskfree interest rates and the expected common stock price volatility over the term of the option awards.We recognize the fair value of stock options on a straightline basis over the period during which a service provider is required to provide services inexchange for the award (generally the vesting period). We account for forfeitures as they occur.20192018Market value of common stock on grant date$3.91$7.71Dividend yield0%0%Expected term (in years)6.010.05.75Riskfree interest rate1.71% – 1.76%2.40% – 2.56%Expected volatility94%262% – 267%64Market value of common stock on grant date. During 2019, the market value on the grant date was the closing stock price on the date of grant. During 2018, wedetermined the fair value of the common stock on grant date based upon a thirdparty valuation as we were a private company.Dividend Yield. The expected dividend is zero as we have never declared dividends and have no current plans to do so in the foreseeable future.Expected Term. The expected term represents the period that our stockbased awards are expected to be outstanding.RiskFree Interest Rate. The riskfree interest rate is based on the U.S. Treasury yield curve in effect at the time of grant for zerocoupon U.S. Treasury notes withmaturities approximately equal to the stock option’s expected term.Expected Volatility. We estimate the expected volatility from the average historical stock volatilities of a few unrelated public companies within our industry that weconsider to be comparable to our business over a period equivalent to the expected term of the stock option grants. We intend to continue to consistently apply thisprocess using the same or similar companies to estimate the expected volatility until sufficient historical information regarding the volatility of the share price of ourcommon stock becomes available.OffBalance Sheet ArrangementsDuring the periods presented, we did not have any offbalance sheet arrangements as defined under SEC rules.Licensing and Collaboration AgreementsWe anticipate that inlicensing, outlicensing and strategic collaborations will become an integral part of our operations, providing the company withopportunities to leverage our partners’ expertise and capabilities to further expand the potential of our technologies, product candidates and revenue streams.XencorIn October 2017, we licensed INB03, also known as XPro1595, from Xencor. This exclusive, global, unrestricted license came with considerable knowhow,intellectual property, preclinical data, regulatory documentation and product stocks. Currently, we are focused on the immuneoncology uses of this unique asset.In the future, we may develop the asset in a wide variety of therapeutic areas, with a variety of delivery techniques by ourselves or in conjunction with partners.Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Results of OperationsComparison of the Years Ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018Year EndedDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ChangeGeneral and Administrative$6,016,056$9,085,100$(3,069,044)Research and Development3,281,9453,354,923(72,978)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Other Income77,68877,688Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)$(4,761,710)65General and AdministrativeGeneral and administrative expenses were $6,016,056 for the year ended December 31, 2019, compared to $9,085,100 for the year ended December 31, 2018.The decrease was primarily attributable to lower stockcompensation ($5.5 million lower in 2019), partially offset by higher costs associated with being a publiccompany ($1.7 million higher in 2019) and higher salaries ($0.3 million higher in 2019).Research and DevelopmentResearch and development expenses decreased to $3,281,945 for the year ended December 31, 2019 from $3,354,923 for the year ended December 31, 2018.During the year ending December 31, 2019, the Company recorded $0.9 million of contra research and development expenses related to a grant received from theAlzheimer’s Association. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recorded stockbased compensation of $1.8 million and $2.1 million,respectively, within research and development expenses. Excluding stockbased compensation and the grant, research and development expense was higher in 2019,compared to 2018 as a result of the Company continuing to advance its drug platform.Other IncomeDuring 2019, the Company earned $77,688 of interest on money market investments and recorded the interest within other income.Liquidity and Capital ResourcesLiquidity is the ability of a company to generate funds to support its current and future operations, satisfy its obligations and otherwise operate on anongoing basis.We incurred a net loss of $7,678,313 and $12,440,023 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Net cash used in operating activitieswas $5,384,656 and $2,058,994 for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively. Since inception, we have funded our operations primarily with proceedsfrom the sales of our common stock. As of December 31, 2019, we had cash and cash equivalents of $7.0 million. We anticipate that operating losses and net cashused in operating activities will increase over the next few years as we advance our products under development.Our primary uses of capital are, and we expect will continue to be, thirdparty clinical and preclinical research and development services, compensation andrelated expenses, legal, patent and other regulatory expenses and general overhead costs. We believe our use of CROs provides us with flexibility in managing ourspending.As a publicly traded company, we incur significant legal, accounting and other expenses. In addition, the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002, as well asrules adopted by the SEC and The Nasdaq Stock Market, require public companies to implement specified corporate governance practices that were inapplicable tous as a private company. We expect these rules and regulations will increase our legal and financial compliance costs and will make some activities more timeconsuming and costly.As of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and working capital of $7,064,399. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of stockbased compensation expense as well as the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products which includedthe general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development, as well as the lack of sources of revenues until such time as theCompany’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12 months fromthe issuance date of these financial statements. Furthermore, our independent auditors, in their report on our audited financial statements for the year endedDecember 31, 2019 expressed substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management plans to pursue additional fundingthrough the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to allow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern,however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so. We estimate our existing cash and cash equivalents will be sufficient to meet ouranticipated cash requirements into the third quarter of 2020.66Initial Public OfferingDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross proceeds of $8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).April and May sale of common stockDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.The Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”)the registration statement to register for resale under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been ormay be issued to Lincoln Park under the Purchase Agreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.As a result, on May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’scommitment to purchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share,were sold to Lincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to LincolnPark, and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of commonstock by the Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of theagreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, thenthe Company may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchasesif the closing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.67Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Companyfrom time to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriatesources of funding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from theCompany as it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct orindirect short selling or hedging of the Company’s shares.Cash FlowsThe following table provides information regarding our cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018:Year Ended December 31,20192018Net cash used in operating activities$(5,384,656)$(2,058,994)Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents$6,809,321$(1,184,507)Net Cash Used in Operating ActivitiesOur cash used in operating activities was primarily driven by our net loss.Operating activities used $5.4 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2019, primarily resulting from our net loss of $7.7 million, a net cash outflowof $0.3 million for changes in our net operating assets and liabilities, offset by noncash stockbased compensation charges of $4.1 million, partially offset by awaiver of common stock issuable of $1.5 million. The change in our net operating assets and liabilities was primarily due to a decrease in accounts payable andaccrued liabilities of $0.2 million and a $0.1 million increase in prepaid expenses.Operating activities used $2.1 million of cash for the year ended December 31, 2018, primarily resulting from our net loss of $12.4 million, partially offset bynoncash stockbased compensation charges of $10.0 million.Net Cash Provided by Financing ActivitiesDuring the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its commonstock for gross cash proceeds of $8.2 million (net cash proceeds of $7.3 million).On May 15, 2019, the Company entered into a purchase agreement and a registration rights agreement with an institutional investor, Lincoln Park CapitalFund, LLC (“Lincoln Park”), an Illinois limited liability company, providing for the purchase of up to $20.0 million worth of the Company’s common stock, $0.001 parvalue per share, over the 24month term of the purchase agreement. In connection therewith and as contemplated by the purchase agreement, on May 15, 2019, theCompany sold 30,000 newly issued shares of its common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, to Lincoln Park for $300,000 in gross cash proceeds (net cash proceeds of$230,000) and issued 70,000 shares of its common stock to Lincoln Park pursuant to the terms of the purchase agreement as consideration for its commitment topurchase shares under the purchase agreement.During April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which theCompany’s CEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.During the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3,2016, the Company received $0.9 million in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significantshareholder of the Company.Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market RiskWe are exposed to market risk from changes in foreign currency rates.68Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary DataINDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSPageAUDITED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS:REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMSF1CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F2CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F3CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (DEFICIT) FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND2018F4CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS FOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018F5NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSF669REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRMTo the Stockholders and the Board of Directors ofINmune Bio, Inc.La Jolla, CaliforniaOpinion on the Financial StatementsWe have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, the related consolidatedstatements of operations and comprehensive loss, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related notes(collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of theCompany as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, in conformity withaccounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.Explanatory Paragraph – Going ConcernThe accompanying consolidated financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. As more fully described inNote 2, the Company has suffered recurring losses from operations and has not yet generated any revenue from operations since inception. These conditions raisesubstantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern. Management's plans in regard to these matters are also described in Note 2. Theconsolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.Basis for OpinionThese financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company's financial statementsbased on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) ("PCAOB") and are requiredto be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities andExchange Commission and the PCAOB.We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonableassurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were weengaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control overfinancial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, weexpress no such opinion.Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performingprocedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financialstatements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overallpresentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion./s/ Marcum LLPMarcum LLPWe have served as the Company's auditor since 2017.Houston, TexasMarch 10, 2020F1INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETSDecember 31,2019December 31,2018ASSETSCURRENT ASSETSCash$6,995,525$186,204Research and development tax credit receivable568,139592,215Other tax receivable77,22537,382Joint development cost receivable17,989Prepaid expenses97,62315,552Prepaid expenses – related party26,266TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS7,764,778849,342Operating lease – right of use asset – related party191,543Acquired inprocess research and development intangible assets16,514,00016,514,000TOTAL ASSETS$24,470,321$17,363,342LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYCURRENT LIABILITIESAccounts payable and accrued liabilities$401,989$553,221Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties290,102270,545Operating lease, current liability – related party8,288TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES700,379823,766Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164TOTAL LIABILITIES860,543823,766COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIESSTOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYPreferred stock, $0.001 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized, 0 shares issued and outstandingCommon stock, $0.001 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 10,770,948 and 8,719,441 shares issued and outstanding,respectively10,7718,719Additional paidin capital44,833,70325,446,196Common stock issuable50,0004,676,000Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss)(8,515)6,529Accumulated deficit(21,276,181)(13,597,868)TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY23,609,77816,539,576TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY$24,470,321$17,363,342See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F2INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS AND COMPREHENSIVE LOSSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018REVENUE$$OPERATING EXPENSESGeneral and administrative6,016,0569,085,100Research and development3,281,9453,354,923Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Total operating expenses7,756,00112,440,023LOSS FROM OPERATIONS(7,756,001)(12,440,023)OTHER INCOMEInterest income77,688Total other income77,688NET LOSS$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Net loss per common share – basic and diluted$(0.75)$(1.43)Weighted average number of common shares outstanding – basic and diluted10,272,6418,676,701COMPREHENSIVE LOSSNet loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Other comprehensive loss – loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)Total comprehensive loss$(7,693,357)$(12,465,536)See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements. F3INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITYFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 2018AccumulatedAdditionalCommonOtherTotalCommon StockPaidInStockComprehensiveAccumulatedStockholders’SharesAmountCapitalIssuableIncome (loss)DeficitEquityBalance as of January 1, 20188,319,441$8,319$19,171,237$50,000$32,042$(1,157,845)$18,103,753Issuance of common stock for cash400,000400899,600900,000Common stock issuable for services4,626,0004,626,000Stockbased compensation5,375,3595,375,359Loss on foreign currency translation(25,513)(25,513)Net loss(12,440,023)(12,440,023)Balance as of December 31, 20188,719,4418,71925,446,1964,676,0006,529(13,597,868)16,539,576Issuance of common stock and warrants forcash, net1,643,0321,64312,207,37812,209,021Issuance of common stock issuable400,0004003,083,600(3,084,000)Waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)(1,542,000)Stockbased compensation8,47594,096,5294,096,538Loss on foreign currency translation(15,044)(15,044)Net loss(7,678,313)(7,678,313)Balance as of December 31, 201910,770,948$10,771$44,833,703$50,000$(8,515)$(21,276,181)$23,609,778See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F4INMUNE BIO, INC.CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWSFOR THE YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 2019 AND 201820192018CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:Net loss$(7,678,313)$(12,440,023)Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities:Stockbased compensation4,096,53810,001,359Gain on waiver of common stock issuable(1,542,000)Changes in operating assets and liabilities:Research and development tax credit receivable24,076(485,349)Other tax receivable(39,843)74,236Joint development cost receivable17,98991,135Prepaid expenses(82,071)27,095Prepaid expenses – related party(26,266)158,504Accounts payable and accrued liabilities(151,232)426,964Accounts payable and accrued liabilities – related parties19,55787,085Operating lease liability – related party(23,091)Net cash used in operating activities(5,384,656)(2,058,994)CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Net proceeds from sale of common stock12,209,021900,000Net cash provided by financing activities12,209,021900,000Impact on cash from foreign currency translation(15,044)(25,513)NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH6,809,321(1,184,507)CASH AT BEGINNING OF YEAR186,2041,370,711CASH AT END OF YEAR$6,995,525$186,204SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF CASH FLOWS INFORMATION:Cash paid for income taxes$$Cash paid for interest expense$$NONCASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES:Issuance of warrants to placement agents$247,452$Issuance of common stock issuable$3,084,000$See accompanying notes to these consolidated financial statements.F5INMUNE BIO, INC.NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTSNOTE 1 – ORGANIZATION AND BASIS OF PRESENTATIONOrganization and Business OverviewINmune Bio, Inc. (“INmune Bio”) was organized in the State of Nevada on September 25, 2015, and is an early stage specialty pharmaceutical company focused ondeveloping and commercializing its product candidates to treat diseases where the innate immune system is not functioning normally and contributing to thepatient’s disease. INmune Bio’s focus is on the innate immune system that include natural killer cells (“NK cells”), hepatic stellate cells of the liver (HSC cells),myeloid derived suppressor cells (“MDSC cells”), microglial cells and dendritic cells (“DC cells”), to offer unique therapeutic opportunities. INmune Bio plans todevelop their four existing drug platforms: INKmune (“INKmune”) which primes NK cells, INB03 (“INB03”) which down regulates MDSC cells, LivNate, whichtargets soluble TNF – a key cytokine driving pathologic chronic inflammation, and XPro1595 that targets microglial cell activation in the brain – a cause ofneuroinflammation. Basis of Presentation and Principles of ConsolidationThe accompanying consolidated financial statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (“USGAAP”) in the United States of America and the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”).The consolidated financial statements herein have been prepared in accordance with US GAAP and include the accounts of INmune Bio, its whollyowned UKsubsidiary, and its whollyowned Australia subsidiary (collectively, the “Company”). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.NOTE 2 – GOING CONCERNAs of December 31, 2019, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $21,276,181 and experienced losses since its inception. Losses have principally occurred as aresult of noncash stockbased compensation expense and the substantial resources required for research and development of the Company’s products whichincluded the general and administrative expenses associated with its organization and product development as well as the lack of sources of revenues until suchtime as the Company’s products are commercialized. These factors raise substantial doubt about the Company’s ability to continue as a going concern for the 12months following the issuance date of these financial statements. These financial statements do not include any adjustments to reflect the possible future effect onthe recoverability and classification of assets or the amounts and classifications of liabilities that may result from the outcome of these uncertainties. Managementplans to seek additional funding through the issuance of common stock for cash and by implementing its strategic plan to develop its pharmaceutical products andallow the opportunity for the Company to continue as a going concern, however there cannot be any assurance that we will be successful in doing so.The Company raised net proceeds of approximately $12.2 million from sales of its common stock during the year ended December 31, 2019, and received $0.9 millionin grants during 2019, which the Company estimates should meet its planned operating requirements into the third quarter of 2020. The Company plans to seek toraise additional capital to meet its future operating requirements until such time as it develops a recurring source of revenues, which is not expected for severalyears. The amount and timing of these capital raises is subject to general market conditions. There cannot be any assurance that the Company will be able tocomplete these capital raises.F6NOTE 3 – SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIESUse of EstimatesPreparing financial statements in conformity with US GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets,liabilities, revenue, and expenses. Actual results and outcomes may differ from management’s estimates and assumptions.Cash and Cash EquivalentsThe Company considers all highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.From time to time, the Company may carry cash balances at financial institutions in excess of the federally insured limit of $250,000. As of December 31, 2019, theCompany had cash of approximately $6.5 million that was in excess of the federally insured limit. The Company maintains its cash deposits with major financialinstitutions.ReceivablesReceivables currently consist of R&D tax credit receivable, value added tax (“VAT”) receivable, and a Goods and Services tax (“GST”) receivable. The R&D tax creditreceivable is recorded when R&D is incurred. At that time, the Company records a receivable for the amount of the credit it expects to receive based on the expensesincurred. VAT receivables and GST receivables are recorded when the Company receives an invoice with VAT or GST. The collectability of these receivables areevaluated periodically based on the actual R&D credit returns submitted, the VAT returns submitted, and the GST returns submitted. As of December 31, 2019 and2018, there were no trade receivables.Intangible AssetsThe Company capitalizes costs incurred in connection with inprocess research and development purchased from others if the asset has alternative uses and suchuses are not restricted under applicable license agreements; patent applications (principally legal fees), patent purchases, and trademarks related to its cell line asintangible assets. Acquired inprocess research and development costs that do not have alternative uses are expensed as incurred. Amortization is initiated foracquired inprocess research and development intangible assets when their useful lives have been determined. These acquired inprocess research and developmentintangible assets are tested at least annually or when a triggering event occurs that could indicate a potential impairment. No impairments of intangible assets wererecognized during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018.Basic and Diluted Loss per ShareBasic loss per share is computed by dividing net loss available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of outstanding common shares during theperiod. Diluted loss per share gives effect to all dilutive potential common shares outstanding during the period. Dilutive loss per share excludes all potentialcommon shares if their effect is antidilutive. For all periods presented, there is no difference in the number of shares used to calculate basic and diluted sharesoutstanding due to the Company’s net loss position.At December 31, 2019, the Company had 3,417,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,660,874 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.F7At December 31, 2018, the Company had 1,632,000 potentially issuable shares of common stock upon the exercise of stock options and 1,255,667 potentially issuableshares of common stock upon the exercise of warrants.StockBased CompensationThe Company utilizes the BlackScholes option pricing model to estimate the fair value of stock option awards at the date of grant, which requires the input of highlysubjective assumptions, including expected volatility and expected life. Changes in these inputs and assumptions can materially affect the measure of estimated fairvalue of our sharebased compensation. These assumptions are subjective and generally require significant analysis and judgment to develop. When estimating fairvalue, some of the assumptions will be based on, or determined from, external data and other assumptions may be derived from our historical experience with stockbased payment arrangements. The appropriate weight to place on historical experience is a matter of judgment, based on relevant facts and circumstances. TheCompany accounts for forfeitures of stock options as they occur.Research and DevelopmentResearch and development (“R&D”) costs are expensed as incurred. Research and development credits are recorded by the Company as a reduction of research anddevelopment costs. Major components of research and development costs include cash compensation, stockbased compensation, costs of preclinical studies,clinical trials and related clinical manufacturing, costs of drug development, costs of materials and supplies, facilities cost, overhead costs, regulatory andcompliance costs, and fees paid to consultants and other entities that conduct certain research and development activities on the Company’s behalf.The Company recognizes grants as contra research and development expense in the consolidated statement of operations on a systematic basis over the periods inwhich the entity recognizes as expenses the related costs for which the grants are intended to compensate.Income TaxesThe Company follows the liability method of accounting for income taxes. Under this method, deferred income tax assets and liabilities are recognized for theestimated tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying values and their respective income tax basis (temporary differences).The effect on deferred income tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recognized in income in the period that includes the enactment date.Foreign Currency TranslationThe Company’s financial statements are presented in the U.S. dollar (“$”), which is the Company’s reporting currency, while its functional currencies are the U.S.Dollar for its U.S. based operations, British Pound (“GBP”) for its United Kingdombased operations and Australian Dollars (“AUD”) for its Australianbasedoperations. All assets and liabilities are translated at the exchange rate on the balance sheet date, stockholders’ equity is translated at historical rates and statementof operations items are translated at the weighted average exchange rate for the period. The resulting translation adjustments are reported under othercomprehensive income. Gains and losses resulting from the translations of foreign currency transactions and balances are reflected in the statement of operationsand comprehensive income (loss).ReclassificationsCertain reclassifications have been made to the prior period financial statements to conform with the current period presentation.F8Recently Adopted Accounting PronouncementsDuring the first quarter of 2019, the Company adopted the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 201602, Leases(ASC 842), which introduces the balance sheet recognition of lease assets and lease liabilities by lessees for those leases classified as operating leases underprevious guidance. The Company has adopted the new lease standard using the new transition option issued under the amendments in ASU 201811, Leases, whichallowed the Company to continue to apply the legacy guidance in Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 840, Leases, in the comparative periods presented inthe year of adoption. The Company elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among otherthings, allowed the Company to carry forward the historical lease classification. The Company made an accounting policy election to keep leases with an initial termof 12 months or less off of the balance sheet. The Company recognizes those lease payments in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and ComprehensiveIncome on a straightline basis over the lease term. The adoption had no impact on the Company’s consolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cashflows.In June 2018, the FASB issued ASU No. 201807, “Compensation – Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Improvements to Nonemployee Sharebased PaymentAccounting.” ASU 201807 aligns accounting for sharebased payments issued to nonemployees to that of employees under the existing guidance of Topic 718,with certain exceptions. This update supersedes previous guidance for equitybased payments to nonemployees under Subtopic 50550, “Equity – EquitybasedPayments to Nonemployees.” It is effective for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2018. The adoption had no impact on the Company’sconsolidated statement of operations, loss per share or cash flows.Subsequent EventsThe Company has evaluated all transactions through the financial statement issuance date for subsequent disclosure consideration.NOTE 4 – RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITYAccording to UK tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in the UK for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s UK subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred, and recorded a relatedreceivable in the amount of $395,850 and $370,900 as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018,the Company received $443,929 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively from the UK.According to AUS tax law, the Company is allowed an R&D tax credit that reduces a company’s tax bill in AUS for expenses incurred in R&D subject to certainrequirements. The Company’s Australian subsidiary submits R&D tax credit requests annually for research and development expenses incurred. At December 31,2019 and 2018, the Company recorded a research and development tax credit receivable of $172,289 and $221,761, respectively, for R&D expenses incurred inAustralia. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $410,857 and $0 of R&D tax credit reimbursements, respectively fromAustralia.The Company is eligible to recover all VAT for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s UK subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $42,046 and $6,282 for VAT asof December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $214,388 and $187,728 of VATreimbursements, respectively.The Company is eligible to recover all GST for all R&D expenses paid. The Company’s Australian subsidiary recorded other tax receivable of $35,179 and $26,127 forGST as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $61,794 and $0 of GSTreimbursements, respectively.F9Xencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or vesting of Other StockBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that suchPerformance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awardsat the date of grant. Other StockBased Awards may not be granted with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments.(vi)CashBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of CashBased Awards, as deemed by the Committee to beconsistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of CashBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions on the payout or vesting ofCashBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine the terms andconditions of such Awards at the date of grant.(vii)Settlement of Options and SARs. Shares of Stock delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option or SAR shall be subject to such conditions, restrictionsand contingencies as the Committee may establish in the applicable Award Agreement. Settlement of SARs may be made in shares of Stock (valued at theirFair Market Value at the time of exercise), in cash, or in a combination thereof, as determined in the discretion of the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The Committee, in its discretion, may impose such conditions, restrictions and contingencies with respect to shares of Stock acquiredpursuant to the exercise of an Option or an SAR as the Committee determines to be desirable.(viii)Vesting; Additional Terms. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, other than Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBasedAwards conditioned upon the attainment of Performance Goals that relate to performance periods of at least one fiscal year, Options, SARs, RestrictedStock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBased Awards granted hereunder shall vest as determined by the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The term of any Award granted under the Plan will not exceed ten years from the date of grant.(ix)Qualified PerformanceBased Compensation.a.The Committee may determine that Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awards or CashBased Awards granted to a CoveredEmployee shall be considered “qualified performancebased compensation” under section 162(m) of the Code, in which case the provisions of thisSection 4.2(ix) shall apply. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee’s authorityto grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performancebased compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other thanqualifying Options and qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year followingthe year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.b.When Awards are made under this Section 4.2(ix), the Committee shall establish in writing (i) the objective Performance Goals that must be met, (ii) theperiod during which performance will be measured, (iii) the maximum amounts that may be paid if the Performance Goals are met, and (iv) any otherconditions that the Committee deems appropriate and consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for “qualified performancebasedcompensation.” The Performance Goals shall satisfy the requirements for “qualified performancebased compensation,” including the requirement thatthe achievement of the goals be substantially uncertain at the time they are established and that the Performance Goals be established in such a waythat a third party with knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether and to what extent the Performance Goals have been met. TheCommittee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable, but may reduce the amount of compensation that ispayable, pursuant to Awards identified by the Committee as “qualified performancebased compensation.”9c.Performance Goals must be preestablished by the Committee. A Performance Goal is considered preestablished if it is established in writing not laterthan 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates, provided that the outcome is substantiallyuncertain at the time the Committee actually established the goal. However, in no event will a Performance Goal be considered preestablished if it isestablished after 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established) has elapsed.d.The Committee in its sole discretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company orany Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generallyaccepted accounting principles or practices, or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature orinfrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business, as applicable, provided such adjustment occurs in writing not later than90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of theperiod of service has elapsed). In addition, the Committee may specify that certain equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals will be made duringthe applicable Performance Period, provided such specification occurs in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the period ofservice to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of the period of service has elapsed).e.The Committee shall certify the performance results for the performance period specified in the Award Agreement after the performance period ends.The Committee shall determine the amount, if any, to be paid pursuant to each Award based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and thesatisfaction of all other terms of the Award Agreement. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 relating to capitalization adjustments, at such time asthe Company may be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, a maximum of 50,000 shares of Stock subject to qualifiedperformancebased compensation may be granted to any Eligible Grantee during any calendar year during the 162(m) Term.f.The Committee may provide in the Award Agreement that Awards under this Section 4.2(ix) shall be payable, in whole or in part, in the event of theGrantee’s death or Disability, or under other circumstances consistent with the Treasury regulations and rulings under Section 162(m) of the Code.4.3 Change of Control of the Company.(i)The Committee may, at the time an Award is made or at any time prior to, coincident with or after the time of a Change of Control:a.provide for the adjustment of any Performance Goals as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the Change of Control;b.provide for the cancellation of any Awards then outstanding if the surviving entity or acquiring entity (or the surviving or acquiring entity’s parentcompany) in the Change of Control replaces the Awards with new rights of substantially equivalent value, as determined by the Committee;c.provide that upon an involuntary termination of a Participant’s employment as a result of a Change of Control, any time periods shall accelerate, andany other conditions relating to the vesting, exercise, payment or distribution of an Award shall be waived; ord.provide that Awards shall be purchased for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been obtained for the shares covered by aRestricted Stock Award if it had been vested and or by an Option or SAR if it had been exercised at the time of the Change of Control.(ii)Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of an Award maynot be accelerated by reason of a Change of Control for any Grantee unless the Grantee’s employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of the Changeof Control as provided in the Award Agreement or in any other written agreement, including an employment agreement, between us and the Grantee.105 Operation5.1 Duration. Grants may be made under the Plan through [July __, 2029]. In the event of Plan termination while Awards remain outstanding, the Plan shallremain in effect as long as any Awards under it are outstanding, although no further grants may be made following Plan termination.5.2 Uncertificated Stock. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prohibit the issuance of Stock on an uncertificated basis, to the extent allowed by theCompany’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, by applicable law and by the applicable rules of any stock exchange.5.3 Tax Withholding. All distributions under the Plan are subject to withholding of all applicable taxes, and the Committee may condition the delivery ofany shares or other benefits under the Plan on satisfaction of the applicable withholding obligations. The Committee, in its discretion, and subject to suchrequirements as the Committee may impose prior to the occurrence of such withholding, may permit such withholding obligations to be satisfied through cashpayment by the Grantee, through the surrender of shares of Stock which the Grantee already owns, through withholding from other compensation payable to theGrantee or through the surrender of unrestricted shares of Stock to which the Grantee is otherwise entitled under the Plan, but only to the extent of the minimumamount required to be withheld under applicable law.5.4 Use of Shares. Subject to the limitations on the number of shares of Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Committee may use available sharesof Stock as the form of payment for compensation, grants or rights earned or due under any other compensation plans or arrangements of the Company or aSubsidiary, including the plans and arrangements of the Company or a Subsidiary assumed in business combinations.5.5 Nontransferability. Awards granted under the Plan, and during any period of restriction on transferability, shares of Common Stock issued inconnection with the exercise of an Option or a SAR, or vesting of a Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated, assigned, margined orotherwise transferred by a Grantee in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares underlying such Award havebeen issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed or have been waived by the Committee. No Award or interest or right therein shall be subjectto the debts, contracts or engagements of a Grantee or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge,encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law, by judgment, lien, levy, attachment,garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy and divorce), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void, of noeffect, and not binding on the Company in any way. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may permit Options and/or shares issued in connection with anOption or a SAR exercise that are subject to restrictions on transferability, to be transferred one time and without payment or consideration to a member of aGrantee’s immediate family or to a trust or similar vehicle for the benefit of a Grantee’s immediate family members. During the lifetime of a Grantee, all rights withrespect to Awards shall be exercisable only by such Grantee or, if applicable pursuant to the preceding sentence, a permitted transferee.5.6 Form and Time of Elections. Unless otherwise specified herein, each election required or permitted to be made by any Grantee or other person entitledto benefits under the Plan, and any permitted modification, or revocation thereof, shall be in writing filed with the Committee at such times, in such form, and subjectto such restrictions and limitations, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall require.5.7 Agreement with Company. An Award under the Plan shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committeeshall, in its sole discretion, prescribe. The terms and conditions of any Award to any Grantee shall be reflected in such form of written document as is determined bythe Committee. A copy of such document shall be provided to the Grantee, and the Committee may, but need not, require that the Grantee shall sign a copy of suchdocument. Such document is referred to in the Plan as an “Award Agreement” regardless of whether any Grantee signature is required.5.8 Gender and Number. Where the context admits, words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular shall include the plural andthe plural shall include the singular.115.9 Limitation of Implied Rights.(iii)The Plan shall at all times be unfunded and neither a Grantee nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right in or titleto any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary whatsoever, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other propertywhich the Company or any Subsidiary, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan. Nothing contained in the Plan and noaction taken pursuant hereto shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Grantee or any other person. AGrantee shall have only a contractual right to the Stock or amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or anySubsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay anybenefits to any person.(iv)The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or service, and selection as a Grantee will not give any participating Employee, NonEmployeeDirector or Key Advisor the right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor any right or claim to any benefit under thePlan, unless such right or claim has specifically accrued under the terms of the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or the Award Agreement, noAward under the Plan shall confer upon the holder thereof any rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the date on which the individual fulfills allconditions for receipt of such rights.5.10 Section 409A . It is intended that all Options and SARs granted under the Plan shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 409A of the Code andthat all other Awards under the Plan, to the extent that they constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, willcomply with Section 409A of the Code (and any regulations and guidelines issued thereunder). The Plan and any Award Agreements issued hereunder may beamended in any respect deemed by the Board or the Committee to be necessary in order to preserve compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstandinganything in this Plan to the contrary, if required by Section 409A of the Code, if a Grantee is considered a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of theCode and if payment of any Award under this Plan is required to be delayed for a period of six months after “separation from service” within the meaning of Section409A of the Code, payment of such Award shall be delayed as required by Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts with respect to such Award shallbe paid in a lump sum payment within ten days after the end of the six month period. If the Grantee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment ofbenefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Grantee’s beneficiary within sixty (60) days after the date of the Grantee’sdeath. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In no event shall a Grantee, directly orindirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. To the extent that any provision of the Plan would cause a conflict with the requirements of section 409A of theCode, or would cause the administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, such provision shall be deemed null and void tothe extent permitted by applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, each Grantee shall be solely responsible forthe tax consequences of Awards under the Plan, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if an Award does not meet any applicablerequirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan to prevent taxation under Section 409A of the Code, the Companydoes not represent or warrant that the Plan or any Award complies with any provision of federal, state, local or other tax law.5.11 Regulations and Other Approvals.(i)The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules andregulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemednecessary or appropriate by the Committee.(ii)Each Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration orqualification of Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval ofany governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, nosuch Award shall be granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has beeneffected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.12(iii)In the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act andis not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act of 1933, asamended, or regulations thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the Committee may require a Grantee receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, asa condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Grantee is acquired for investmentonly and not with a view to distribution.(iv)With respect to persons subject to section 16 of the Exchange Act, it is the intent of the Company that the Plan and all transactions under the Plan complywith all applicable provisions of Rule 16b3.(v)All Awards under the Plan will be subject to any compensation, clawback and recoupment policies that may be applicable to the employees of theCompany, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the Board or Committee, whether or not approved before or after the Effective Date. Subject tothe requirements of applicable law, any such compensation, clawback and recoupment policies shall apply to Awards made after the effective date of thepolicy.5.12 NonEmployee Director Award Deferrals. The Committee may permit a NonEmployee Director to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the deliveryof shares that would otherwise be due to such NonEmployee Director in connection with any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awardsor CashBased Awards. If any such deferral election is permitted, the Committee shall establish rules and procedures for such deferrals and may provide for interestor other earnings to be paid on such deferrals, which rules and procedures shall be consistent with applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Unlessotherwise specified in a NonEmployee Director’s valid election, any deferred amount will be deferred until the earliest to occur of the NonEmployee Director’sdeath, separation from service, or Change of Control; provided that any such deferral election is made by the NonEmployee Director on or prior to December 31 ofthe calendar year preceding the calendar year in which any such amounts are earned, or, if such NonEmployee Director is newly eligible for purposes of Section409A of the Code, then within 30 days following the date he or she is first eligible, and then only with respect to amounts earned after the date of the election.6 Amendment and TerminationThe Plan may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time, except that the following actions may not be taken without stockholder approval:(i)any increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan (except by certain adjustments provided for under the Plan);(ii)any change in the class of persons eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan;(iii)any change in the requirements of Sections 4.2(i)(b) and 4.2(ii)(c) hereof regarding the exercise price of Options and the grant price of SARs;(iv)any repricing or cancellation and regrant of any Option or, if applicable, other Award at a lower exercise, base or purchase price, whether in the form of anamendment, cancellation or replacement grant, or a cashout of underwater options or any action that provides for Awards that contain a socalled “reload”feature under which additional Options or other Awards are granted automatically to the Grantee upon exercise of the original Option or Award; or(v)any other amendment to the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable law, regulation or rule or stock exchangelisting requirement.Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, adjustments pursuant to Section 3 shall not be subject to the foregoing limitations of this Section 6.137 Governing LawThe Plan and all Award Agreements entered into under the Plan shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York,except that any principles or provisions of New York law that would apply the law of another jurisdiction (other than applicable provisions of U.S. Federal law) shallbe disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, matters with respect to indemnification, delegation of authority under the Plan, and the legality of shares of Stockissued under the Plan, shall be governed by the Nevada Revised Statutes.8 SeverabilityIf any of the provision of this Plan is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision shall be deemedmodified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby; providedthat, if any such provision is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum scope determined to be acceptable to permit suchprovision to be enforceable, such provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary in order to make such provision enforceable.*****14EX31.1 3 f10k2019ex311_inmunebio.htm CERTIFICATIONExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THESARBANESOXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Raymond J. Tesi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10K of INmune Bio, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f)) for the registrantand have:a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theXencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or vesting of Other StockBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that suchPerformance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awardsat the date of grant. Other StockBased Awards may not be granted with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments.(vi)CashBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of CashBased Awards, as deemed by the Committee to beconsistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of CashBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions on the payout or vesting ofCashBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine the terms andconditions of such Awards at the date of grant.(vii)Settlement of Options and SARs. Shares of Stock delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option or SAR shall be subject to such conditions, restrictionsand contingencies as the Committee may establish in the applicable Award Agreement. Settlement of SARs may be made in shares of Stock (valued at theirFair Market Value at the time of exercise), in cash, or in a combination thereof, as determined in the discretion of the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The Committee, in its discretion, may impose such conditions, restrictions and contingencies with respect to shares of Stock acquiredpursuant to the exercise of an Option or an SAR as the Committee determines to be desirable.(viii)Vesting; Additional Terms. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, other than Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBasedAwards conditioned upon the attainment of Performance Goals that relate to performance periods of at least one fiscal year, Options, SARs, RestrictedStock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBased Awards granted hereunder shall vest as determined by the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The term of any Award granted under the Plan will not exceed ten years from the date of grant.(ix)Qualified PerformanceBased Compensation.a.The Committee may determine that Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awards or CashBased Awards granted to a CoveredEmployee shall be considered “qualified performancebased compensation” under section 162(m) of the Code, in which case the provisions of thisSection 4.2(ix) shall apply. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee’s authorityto grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performancebased compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other thanqualifying Options and qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year followingthe year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.b.When Awards are made under this Section 4.2(ix), the Committee shall establish in writing (i) the objective Performance Goals that must be met, (ii) theperiod during which performance will be measured, (iii) the maximum amounts that may be paid if the Performance Goals are met, and (iv) any otherconditions that the Committee deems appropriate and consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for “qualified performancebasedcompensation.” The Performance Goals shall satisfy the requirements for “qualified performancebased compensation,” including the requirement thatthe achievement of the goals be substantially uncertain at the time they are established and that the Performance Goals be established in such a waythat a third party with knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether and to what extent the Performance Goals have been met. TheCommittee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable, but may reduce the amount of compensation that ispayable, pursuant to Awards identified by the Committee as “qualified performancebased compensation.”9c.Performance Goals must be preestablished by the Committee. A Performance Goal is considered preestablished if it is established in writing not laterthan 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates, provided that the outcome is substantiallyuncertain at the time the Committee actually established the goal. However, in no event will a Performance Goal be considered preestablished if it isestablished after 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established) has elapsed.d.The Committee in its sole discretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company orany Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generallyaccepted accounting principles or practices, or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature orinfrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business, as applicable, provided such adjustment occurs in writing not later than90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of theperiod of service has elapsed). In addition, the Committee may specify that certain equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals will be made duringthe applicable Performance Period, provided such specification occurs in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the period ofservice to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of the period of service has elapsed).e.The Committee shall certify the performance results for the performance period specified in the Award Agreement after the performance period ends.The Committee shall determine the amount, if any, to be paid pursuant to each Award based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and thesatisfaction of all other terms of the Award Agreement. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 relating to capitalization adjustments, at such time asthe Company may be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, a maximum of 50,000 shares of Stock subject to qualifiedperformancebased compensation may be granted to any Eligible Grantee during any calendar year during the 162(m) Term.f.The Committee may provide in the Award Agreement that Awards under this Section 4.2(ix) shall be payable, in whole or in part, in the event of theGrantee’s death or Disability, or under other circumstances consistent with the Treasury regulations and rulings under Section 162(m) of the Code.4.3 Change of Control of the Company.(i)The Committee may, at the time an Award is made or at any time prior to, coincident with or after the time of a Change of Control:a.provide for the adjustment of any Performance Goals as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the Change of Control;b.provide for the cancellation of any Awards then outstanding if the surviving entity or acquiring entity (or the surviving or acquiring entity’s parentcompany) in the Change of Control replaces the Awards with new rights of substantially equivalent value, as determined by the Committee;c.provide that upon an involuntary termination of a Participant’s employment as a result of a Change of Control, any time periods shall accelerate, andany other conditions relating to the vesting, exercise, payment or distribution of an Award shall be waived; ord.provide that Awards shall be purchased for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been obtained for the shares covered by aRestricted Stock Award if it had been vested and or by an Option or SAR if it had been exercised at the time of the Change of Control.(ii)Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of an Award maynot be accelerated by reason of a Change of Control for any Grantee unless the Grantee’s employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of the Changeof Control as provided in the Award Agreement or in any other written agreement, including an employment agreement, between us and the Grantee.105 Operation5.1 Duration. Grants may be made under the Plan through [July __, 2029]. In the event of Plan termination while Awards remain outstanding, the Plan shallremain in effect as long as any Awards under it are outstanding, although no further grants may be made following Plan termination.5.2 Uncertificated Stock. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prohibit the issuance of Stock on an uncertificated basis, to the extent allowed by theCompany’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, by applicable law and by the applicable rules of any stock exchange.5.3 Tax Withholding. All distributions under the Plan are subject to withholding of all applicable taxes, and the Committee may condition the delivery ofany shares or other benefits under the Plan on satisfaction of the applicable withholding obligations. The Committee, in its discretion, and subject to suchrequirements as the Committee may impose prior to the occurrence of such withholding, may permit such withholding obligations to be satisfied through cashpayment by the Grantee, through the surrender of shares of Stock which the Grantee already owns, through withholding from other compensation payable to theGrantee or through the surrender of unrestricted shares of Stock to which the Grantee is otherwise entitled under the Plan, but only to the extent of the minimumamount required to be withheld under applicable law.5.4 Use of Shares. Subject to the limitations on the number of shares of Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Committee may use available sharesof Stock as the form of payment for compensation, grants or rights earned or due under any other compensation plans or arrangements of the Company or aSubsidiary, including the plans and arrangements of the Company or a Subsidiary assumed in business combinations.5.5 Nontransferability. Awards granted under the Plan, and during any period of restriction on transferability, shares of Common Stock issued inconnection with the exercise of an Option or a SAR, or vesting of a Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated, assigned, margined orotherwise transferred by a Grantee in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares underlying such Award havebeen issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed or have been waived by the Committee. No Award or interest or right therein shall be subjectto the debts, contracts or engagements of a Grantee or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge,encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law, by judgment, lien, levy, attachment,garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy and divorce), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void, of noeffect, and not binding on the Company in any way. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may permit Options and/or shares issued in connection with anOption or a SAR exercise that are subject to restrictions on transferability, to be transferred one time and without payment or consideration to a member of aGrantee’s immediate family or to a trust or similar vehicle for the benefit of a Grantee’s immediate family members. During the lifetime of a Grantee, all rights withrespect to Awards shall be exercisable only by such Grantee or, if applicable pursuant to the preceding sentence, a permitted transferee.5.6 Form and Time of Elections. Unless otherwise specified herein, each election required or permitted to be made by any Grantee or other person entitledto benefits under the Plan, and any permitted modification, or revocation thereof, shall be in writing filed with the Committee at such times, in such form, and subjectto such restrictions and limitations, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall require.5.7 Agreement with Company. An Award under the Plan shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committeeshall, in its sole discretion, prescribe. The terms and conditions of any Award to any Grantee shall be reflected in such form of written document as is determined bythe Committee. A copy of such document shall be provided to the Grantee, and the Committee may, but need not, require that the Grantee shall sign a copy of suchdocument. Such document is referred to in the Plan as an “Award Agreement” regardless of whether any Grantee signature is required.5.8 Gender and Number. Where the context admits, words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular shall include the plural andthe plural shall include the singular.115.9 Limitation of Implied Rights.(iii)The Plan shall at all times be unfunded and neither a Grantee nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right in or titleto any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary whatsoever, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other propertywhich the Company or any Subsidiary, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan. Nothing contained in the Plan and noaction taken pursuant hereto shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Grantee or any other person. AGrantee shall have only a contractual right to the Stock or amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or anySubsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay anybenefits to any person.(iv)The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or service, and selection as a Grantee will not give any participating Employee, NonEmployeeDirector or Key Advisor the right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor any right or claim to any benefit under thePlan, unless such right or claim has specifically accrued under the terms of the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or the Award Agreement, noAward under the Plan shall confer upon the holder thereof any rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the date on which the individual fulfills allconditions for receipt of such rights.5.10 Section 409A . It is intended that all Options and SARs granted under the Plan shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 409A of the Code andthat all other Awards under the Plan, to the extent that they constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, willcomply with Section 409A of the Code (and any regulations and guidelines issued thereunder). The Plan and any Award Agreements issued hereunder may beamended in any respect deemed by the Board or the Committee to be necessary in order to preserve compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstandinganything in this Plan to the contrary, if required by Section 409A of the Code, if a Grantee is considered a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of theCode and if payment of any Award under this Plan is required to be delayed for a period of six months after “separation from service” within the meaning of Section409A of the Code, payment of such Award shall be delayed as required by Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts with respect to such Award shallbe paid in a lump sum payment within ten days after the end of the six month period. If the Grantee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment ofbenefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Grantee’s beneficiary within sixty (60) days after the date of the Grantee’sdeath. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In no event shall a Grantee, directly orindirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. To the extent that any provision of the Plan would cause a conflict with the requirements of section 409A of theCode, or would cause the administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, such provision shall be deemed null and void tothe extent permitted by applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, each Grantee shall be solely responsible forthe tax consequences of Awards under the Plan, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if an Award does not meet any applicablerequirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan to prevent taxation under Section 409A of the Code, the Companydoes not represent or warrant that the Plan or any Award complies with any provision of federal, state, local or other tax law.5.11 Regulations and Other Approvals.(i)The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules andregulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemednecessary or appropriate by the Committee.(ii)Each Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration orqualification of Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval ofany governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, nosuch Award shall be granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has beeneffected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.12(iii)In the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act andis not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act of 1933, asamended, or regulations thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the Committee may require a Grantee receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, asa condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Grantee is acquired for investmentonly and not with a view to distribution.(iv)With respect to persons subject to section 16 of the Exchange Act, it is the intent of the Company that the Plan and all transactions under the Plan complywith all applicable provisions of Rule 16b3.(v)All Awards under the Plan will be subject to any compensation, clawback and recoupment policies that may be applicable to the employees of theCompany, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the Board or Committee, whether or not approved before or after the Effective Date. Subject tothe requirements of applicable law, any such compensation, clawback and recoupment policies shall apply to Awards made after the effective date of thepolicy.5.12 NonEmployee Director Award Deferrals. The Committee may permit a NonEmployee Director to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the deliveryof shares that would otherwise be due to such NonEmployee Director in connection with any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awardsor CashBased Awards. If any such deferral election is permitted, the Committee shall establish rules and procedures for such deferrals and may provide for interestor other earnings to be paid on such deferrals, which rules and procedures shall be consistent with applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Unlessotherwise specified in a NonEmployee Director’s valid election, any deferred amount will be deferred until the earliest to occur of the NonEmployee Director’sdeath, separation from service, or Change of Control; provided that any such deferral election is made by the NonEmployee Director on or prior to December 31 ofthe calendar year preceding the calendar year in which any such amounts are earned, or, if such NonEmployee Director is newly eligible for purposes of Section409A of the Code, then within 30 days following the date he or she is first eligible, and then only with respect to amounts earned after the date of the election.6 Amendment and TerminationThe Plan may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time, except that the following actions may not be taken without stockholder approval:(i)any increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan (except by certain adjustments provided for under the Plan);(ii)any change in the class of persons eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan;(iii)any change in the requirements of Sections 4.2(i)(b) and 4.2(ii)(c) hereof regarding the exercise price of Options and the grant price of SARs;(iv)any repricing or cancellation and regrant of any Option or, if applicable, other Award at a lower exercise, base or purchase price, whether in the form of anamendment, cancellation or replacement grant, or a cashout of underwater options or any action that provides for Awards that contain a socalled “reload”feature under which additional Options or other Awards are granted automatically to the Grantee upon exercise of the original Option or Award; or(v)any other amendment to the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable law, regulation or rule or stock exchangelisting requirement.Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, adjustments pursuant to Section 3 shall not be subject to the foregoing limitations of this Section 6.137 Governing LawThe Plan and all Award Agreements entered into under the Plan shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York,except that any principles or provisions of New York law that would apply the law of another jurisdiction (other than applicable provisions of U.S. Federal law) shallbe disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, matters with respect to indemnification, delegation of authority under the Plan, and the legality of shares of Stockissued under the Plan, shall be governed by the Nevada Revised Statutes.8 SeverabilityIf any of the provision of this Plan is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision shall be deemedmodified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby; providedthat, if any such provision is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum scope determined to be acceptable to permit suchprovision to be enforceable, such provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary in order to make such provision enforceable.*****14EX31.1 3 f10k2019ex311_inmunebio.htm CERTIFICATIONExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THESARBANESOXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Raymond J. Tesi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10K of INmune Bio, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f)) for the registrantand have:a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theXencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or vesting of Other StockBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that suchPerformance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awardsat the date of grant. Other StockBased Awards may not be granted with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments.(vi)CashBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of CashBased Awards, as deemed by the Committee to beconsistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of CashBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions on the payout or vesting ofCashBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine the terms andconditions of such Awards at the date of grant.(vii)Settlement of Options and SARs. Shares of Stock delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option or SAR shall be subject to such conditions, restrictionsand contingencies as the Committee may establish in the applicable Award Agreement. Settlement of SARs may be made in shares of Stock (valued at theirFair Market Value at the time of exercise), in cash, or in a combination thereof, as determined in the discretion of the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The Committee, in its discretion, may impose such conditions, restrictions and contingencies with respect to shares of Stock acquiredpursuant to the exercise of an Option or an SAR as the Committee determines to be desirable.(viii)Vesting; Additional Terms. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, other than Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBasedAwards conditioned upon the attainment of Performance Goals that relate to performance periods of at least one fiscal year, Options, SARs, RestrictedStock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBased Awards granted hereunder shall vest as determined by the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The term of any Award granted under the Plan will not exceed ten years from the date of grant.(ix)Qualified PerformanceBased Compensation.a.The Committee may determine that Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awards or CashBased Awards granted to a CoveredEmployee shall be considered “qualified performancebased compensation” under section 162(m) of the Code, in which case the provisions of thisSection 4.2(ix) shall apply. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee’s authorityto grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performancebased compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other thanqualifying Options and qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year followingthe year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.b.When Awards are made under this Section 4.2(ix), the Committee shall establish in writing (i) the objective Performance Goals that must be met, (ii) theperiod during which performance will be measured, (iii) the maximum amounts that may be paid if the Performance Goals are met, and (iv) any otherconditions that the Committee deems appropriate and consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for “qualified performancebasedcompensation.” The Performance Goals shall satisfy the requirements for “qualified performancebased compensation,” including the requirement thatthe achievement of the goals be substantially uncertain at the time they are established and that the Performance Goals be established in such a waythat a third party with knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether and to what extent the Performance Goals have been met. TheCommittee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable, but may reduce the amount of compensation that ispayable, pursuant to Awards identified by the Committee as “qualified performancebased compensation.”9c.Performance Goals must be preestablished by the Committee. A Performance Goal is considered preestablished if it is established in writing not laterthan 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates, provided that the outcome is substantiallyuncertain at the time the Committee actually established the goal. However, in no event will a Performance Goal be considered preestablished if it isestablished after 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established) has elapsed.d.The Committee in its sole discretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company orany Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generallyaccepted accounting principles or practices, or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature orinfrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business, as applicable, provided such adjustment occurs in writing not later than90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of theperiod of service has elapsed). In addition, the Committee may specify that certain equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals will be made duringthe applicable Performance Period, provided such specification occurs in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the period ofservice to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of the period of service has elapsed).e.The Committee shall certify the performance results for the performance period specified in the Award Agreement after the performance period ends.The Committee shall determine the amount, if any, to be paid pursuant to each Award based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and thesatisfaction of all other terms of the Award Agreement. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 relating to capitalization adjustments, at such time asthe Company may be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, a maximum of 50,000 shares of Stock subject to qualifiedperformancebased compensation may be granted to any Eligible Grantee during any calendar year during the 162(m) Term.f.The Committee may provide in the Award Agreement that Awards under this Section 4.2(ix) shall be payable, in whole or in part, in the event of theGrantee’s death or Disability, or under other circumstances consistent with the Treasury regulations and rulings under Section 162(m) of the Code.4.3 Change of Control of the Company.(i)The Committee may, at the time an Award is made or at any time prior to, coincident with or after the time of a Change of Control:a.provide for the adjustment of any Performance Goals as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the Change of Control;b.provide for the cancellation of any Awards then outstanding if the surviving entity or acquiring entity (or the surviving or acquiring entity’s parentcompany) in the Change of Control replaces the Awards with new rights of substantially equivalent value, as determined by the Committee;c.provide that upon an involuntary termination of a Participant’s employment as a result of a Change of Control, any time periods shall accelerate, andany other conditions relating to the vesting, exercise, payment or distribution of an Award shall be waived; ord.provide that Awards shall be purchased for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been obtained for the shares covered by aRestricted Stock Award if it had been vested and or by an Option or SAR if it had been exercised at the time of the Change of Control.(ii)Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of an Award maynot be accelerated by reason of a Change of Control for any Grantee unless the Grantee’s employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of the Changeof Control as provided in the Award Agreement or in any other written agreement, including an employment agreement, between us and the Grantee.105 Operation5.1 Duration. Grants may be made under the Plan through [July __, 2029]. In the event of Plan termination while Awards remain outstanding, the Plan shallremain in effect as long as any Awards under it are outstanding, although no further grants may be made following Plan termination.5.2 Uncertificated Stock. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prohibit the issuance of Stock on an uncertificated basis, to the extent allowed by theCompany’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, by applicable law and by the applicable rules of any stock exchange.5.3 Tax Withholding. All distributions under the Plan are subject to withholding of all applicable taxes, and the Committee may condition the delivery ofany shares or other benefits under the Plan on satisfaction of the applicable withholding obligations. The Committee, in its discretion, and subject to suchrequirements as the Committee may impose prior to the occurrence of such withholding, may permit such withholding obligations to be satisfied through cashpayment by the Grantee, through the surrender of shares of Stock which the Grantee already owns, through withholding from other compensation payable to theGrantee or through the surrender of unrestricted shares of Stock to which the Grantee is otherwise entitled under the Plan, but only to the extent of the minimumamount required to be withheld under applicable law.5.4 Use of Shares. Subject to the limitations on the number of shares of Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Committee may use available sharesof Stock as the form of payment for compensation, grants or rights earned or due under any other compensation plans or arrangements of the Company or aSubsidiary, including the plans and arrangements of the Company or a Subsidiary assumed in business combinations.5.5 Nontransferability. Awards granted under the Plan, and during any period of restriction on transferability, shares of Common Stock issued inconnection with the exercise of an Option or a SAR, or vesting of a Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated, assigned, margined orotherwise transferred by a Grantee in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares underlying such Award havebeen issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed or have been waived by the Committee. No Award or interest or right therein shall be subjectto the debts, contracts or engagements of a Grantee or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge,encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law, by judgment, lien, levy, attachment,garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy and divorce), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void, of noeffect, and not binding on the Company in any way. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may permit Options and/or shares issued in connection with anOption or a SAR exercise that are subject to restrictions on transferability, to be transferred one time and without payment or consideration to a member of aGrantee’s immediate family or to a trust or similar vehicle for the benefit of a Grantee’s immediate family members. During the lifetime of a Grantee, all rights withrespect to Awards shall be exercisable only by such Grantee or, if applicable pursuant to the preceding sentence, a permitted transferee.5.6 Form and Time of Elections. Unless otherwise specified herein, each election required or permitted to be made by any Grantee or other person entitledto benefits under the Plan, and any permitted modification, or revocation thereof, shall be in writing filed with the Committee at such times, in such form, and subjectto such restrictions and limitations, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall require.5.7 Agreement with Company. An Award under the Plan shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committeeshall, in its sole discretion, prescribe. The terms and conditions of any Award to any Grantee shall be reflected in such form of written document as is determined bythe Committee. A copy of such document shall be provided to the Grantee, and the Committee may, but need not, require that the Grantee shall sign a copy of suchdocument. Such document is referred to in the Plan as an “Award Agreement” regardless of whether any Grantee signature is required.5.8 Gender and Number. Where the context admits, words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular shall include the plural andthe plural shall include the singular.115.9 Limitation of Implied Rights.(iii)The Plan shall at all times be unfunded and neither a Grantee nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right in or titleto any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary whatsoever, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other propertywhich the Company or any Subsidiary, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan. Nothing contained in the Plan and noaction taken pursuant hereto shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Grantee or any other person. AGrantee shall have only a contractual right to the Stock or amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or anySubsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay anybenefits to any person.(iv)The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or service, and selection as a Grantee will not give any participating Employee, NonEmployeeDirector or Key Advisor the right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor any right or claim to any benefit under thePlan, unless such right or claim has specifically accrued under the terms of the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or the Award Agreement, noAward under the Plan shall confer upon the holder thereof any rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the date on which the individual fulfills allconditions for receipt of such rights.5.10 Section 409A . It is intended that all Options and SARs granted under the Plan shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 409A of the Code andthat all other Awards under the Plan, to the extent that they constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, willcomply with Section 409A of the Code (and any regulations and guidelines issued thereunder). The Plan and any Award Agreements issued hereunder may beamended in any respect deemed by the Board or the Committee to be necessary in order to preserve compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstandinganything in this Plan to the contrary, if required by Section 409A of the Code, if a Grantee is considered a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of theCode and if payment of any Award under this Plan is required to be delayed for a period of six months after “separation from service” within the meaning of Section409A of the Code, payment of such Award shall be delayed as required by Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts with respect to such Award shallbe paid in a lump sum payment within ten days after the end of the six month period. If the Grantee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment ofbenefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Grantee’s beneficiary within sixty (60) days after the date of the Grantee’sdeath. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In no event shall a Grantee, directly orindirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. To the extent that any provision of the Plan would cause a conflict with the requirements of section 409A of theCode, or would cause the administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, such provision shall be deemed null and void tothe extent permitted by applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, each Grantee shall be solely responsible forthe tax consequences of Awards under the Plan, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if an Award does not meet any applicablerequirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan to prevent taxation under Section 409A of the Code, the Companydoes not represent or warrant that the Plan or any Award complies with any provision of federal, state, local or other tax law.5.11 Regulations and Other Approvals.(i)The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules andregulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemednecessary or appropriate by the Committee.(ii)Each Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration orqualification of Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval ofany governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, nosuch Award shall be granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has beeneffected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.12(iii)In the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act andis not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act of 1933, asamended, or regulations thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the Committee may require a Grantee receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, asa condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Grantee is acquired for investmentonly and not with a view to distribution.(iv)With respect to persons subject to section 16 of the Exchange Act, it is the intent of the Company that the Plan and all transactions under the Plan complywith all applicable provisions of Rule 16b3.(v)All Awards under the Plan will be subject to any compensation, clawback and recoupment policies that may be applicable to the employees of theCompany, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the Board or Committee, whether or not approved before or after the Effective Date. Subject tothe requirements of applicable law, any such compensation, clawback and recoupment policies shall apply to Awards made after the effective date of thepolicy.5.12 NonEmployee Director Award Deferrals. The Committee may permit a NonEmployee Director to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the deliveryof shares that would otherwise be due to such NonEmployee Director in connection with any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awardsor CashBased Awards. If any such deferral election is permitted, the Committee shall establish rules and procedures for such deferrals and may provide for interestor other earnings to be paid on such deferrals, which rules and procedures shall be consistent with applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Unlessotherwise specified in a NonEmployee Director’s valid election, any deferred amount will be deferred until the earliest to occur of the NonEmployee Director’sdeath, separation from service, or Change of Control; provided that any such deferral election is made by the NonEmployee Director on or prior to December 31 ofthe calendar year preceding the calendar year in which any such amounts are earned, or, if such NonEmployee Director is newly eligible for purposes of Section409A of the Code, then within 30 days following the date he or she is first eligible, and then only with respect to amounts earned after the date of the election.6 Amendment and TerminationThe Plan may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time, except that the following actions may not be taken without stockholder approval:(i)any increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan (except by certain adjustments provided for under the Plan);(ii)any change in the class of persons eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan;(iii)any change in the requirements of Sections 4.2(i)(b) and 4.2(ii)(c) hereof regarding the exercise price of Options and the grant price of SARs;(iv)any repricing or cancellation and regrant of any Option or, if applicable, other Award at a lower exercise, base or purchase price, whether in the form of anamendment, cancellation or replacement grant, or a cashout of underwater options or any action that provides for Awards that contain a socalled “reload”feature under which additional Options or other Awards are granted automatically to the Grantee upon exercise of the original Option or Award; or(v)any other amendment to the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable law, regulation or rule or stock exchangelisting requirement.Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, adjustments pursuant to Section 3 shall not be subject to the foregoing limitations of this Section 6.137 Governing LawThe Plan and all Award Agreements entered into under the Plan shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York,except that any principles or provisions of New York law that would apply the law of another jurisdiction (other than applicable provisions of U.S. Federal law) shallbe disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, matters with respect to indemnification, delegation of authority under the Plan, and the legality of shares of Stockissued under the Plan, shall be governed by the Nevada Revised Statutes.8 SeverabilityIf any of the provision of this Plan is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision shall be deemedmodified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby; providedthat, if any such provision is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum scope determined to be acceptable to permit suchprovision to be enforceable, such provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary in order to make such provision enforceable.*****14EX31.1 3 f10k2019ex311_inmunebio.htm CERTIFICATIONExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THESARBANESOXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Raymond J. Tesi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10K of INmune Bio, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f)) for the registrantand have:a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theXencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or vesting of Other StockBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that suchPerformance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awardsat the date of grant. Other StockBased Awards may not be granted with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments.(vi)CashBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of CashBased Awards, as deemed by the Committee to beconsistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of CashBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions on the payout or vesting ofCashBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine the terms andconditions of such Awards at the date of grant.(vii)Settlement of Options and SARs. Shares of Stock delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option or SAR shall be subject to such conditions, restrictionsand contingencies as the Committee may establish in the applicable Award Agreement. Settlement of SARs may be made in shares of Stock (valued at theirFair Market Value at the time of exercise), in cash, or in a combination thereof, as determined in the discretion of the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The Committee, in its discretion, may impose such conditions, restrictions and contingencies with respect to shares of Stock acquiredpursuant to the exercise of an Option or an SAR as the Committee determines to be desirable.(viii)Vesting; Additional Terms. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, other than Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBasedAwards conditioned upon the attainment of Performance Goals that relate to performance periods of at least one fiscal year, Options, SARs, RestrictedStock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBased Awards granted hereunder shall vest as determined by the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The term of any Award granted under the Plan will not exceed ten years from the date of grant.(ix)Qualified PerformanceBased Compensation.a.The Committee may determine that Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awards or CashBased Awards granted to a CoveredEmployee shall be considered “qualified performancebased compensation” under section 162(m) of the Code, in which case the provisions of thisSection 4.2(ix) shall apply. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee’s authorityto grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performancebased compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other thanqualifying Options and qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year followingthe year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.b.When Awards are made under this Section 4.2(ix), the Committee shall establish in writing (i) the objective Performance Goals that must be met, (ii) theperiod during which performance will be measured, (iii) the maximum amounts that may be paid if the Performance Goals are met, and (iv) any otherconditions that the Committee deems appropriate and consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for “qualified performancebasedcompensation.” The Performance Goals shall satisfy the requirements for “qualified performancebased compensation,” including the requirement thatthe achievement of the goals be substantially uncertain at the time they are established and that the Performance Goals be established in such a waythat a third party with knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether and to what extent the Performance Goals have been met. TheCommittee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable, but may reduce the amount of compensation that ispayable, pursuant to Awards identified by the Committee as “qualified performancebased compensation.”9c.Performance Goals must be preestablished by the Committee. A Performance Goal is considered preestablished if it is established in writing not laterthan 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates, provided that the outcome is substantiallyuncertain at the time the Committee actually established the goal. However, in no event will a Performance Goal be considered preestablished if it isestablished after 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established) has elapsed.d.The Committee in its sole discretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company orany Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generallyaccepted accounting principles or practices, or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature orinfrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business, as applicable, provided such adjustment occurs in writing not later than90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of theperiod of service has elapsed). In addition, the Committee may specify that certain equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals will be made duringthe applicable Performance Period, provided such specification occurs in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the period ofservice to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of the period of service has elapsed).e.The Committee shall certify the performance results for the performance period specified in the Award Agreement after the performance period ends.The Committee shall determine the amount, if any, to be paid pursuant to each Award based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and thesatisfaction of all other terms of the Award Agreement. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 relating to capitalization adjustments, at such time asthe Company may be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, a maximum of 50,000 shares of Stock subject to qualifiedperformancebased compensation may be granted to any Eligible Grantee during any calendar year during the 162(m) Term.f.The Committee may provide in the Award Agreement that Awards under this Section 4.2(ix) shall be payable, in whole or in part, in the event of theGrantee’s death or Disability, or under other circumstances consistent with the Treasury regulations and rulings under Section 162(m) of the Code.4.3 Change of Control of the Company.(i)The Committee may, at the time an Award is made or at any time prior to, coincident with or after the time of a Change of Control:a.provide for the adjustment of any Performance Goals as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the Change of Control;b.provide for the cancellation of any Awards then outstanding if the surviving entity or acquiring entity (or the surviving or acquiring entity’s parentcompany) in the Change of Control replaces the Awards with new rights of substantially equivalent value, as determined by the Committee;c.provide that upon an involuntary termination of a Participant’s employment as a result of a Change of Control, any time periods shall accelerate, andany other conditions relating to the vesting, exercise, payment or distribution of an Award shall be waived; ord.provide that Awards shall be purchased for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been obtained for the shares covered by aRestricted Stock Award if it had been vested and or by an Option or SAR if it had been exercised at the time of the Change of Control.(ii)Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of an Award maynot be accelerated by reason of a Change of Control for any Grantee unless the Grantee’s employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of the Changeof Control as provided in the Award Agreement or in any other written agreement, including an employment agreement, between us and the Grantee.105 Operation5.1 Duration. Grants may be made under the Plan through [July __, 2029]. In the event of Plan termination while Awards remain outstanding, the Plan shallremain in effect as long as any Awards under it are outstanding, although no further grants may be made following Plan termination.5.2 Uncertificated Stock. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prohibit the issuance of Stock on an uncertificated basis, to the extent allowed by theCompany’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, by applicable law and by the applicable rules of any stock exchange.5.3 Tax Withholding. All distributions under the Plan are subject to withholding of all applicable taxes, and the Committee may condition the delivery ofany shares or other benefits under the Plan on satisfaction of the applicable withholding obligations. The Committee, in its discretion, and subject to suchrequirements as the Committee may impose prior to the occurrence of such withholding, may permit such withholding obligations to be satisfied through cashpayment by the Grantee, through the surrender of shares of Stock which the Grantee already owns, through withholding from other compensation payable to theGrantee or through the surrender of unrestricted shares of Stock to which the Grantee is otherwise entitled under the Plan, but only to the extent of the minimumamount required to be withheld under applicable law.5.4 Use of Shares. Subject to the limitations on the number of shares of Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Committee may use available sharesof Stock as the form of payment for compensation, grants or rights earned or due under any other compensation plans or arrangements of the Company or aSubsidiary, including the plans and arrangements of the Company or a Subsidiary assumed in business combinations.5.5 Nontransferability. Awards granted under the Plan, and during any period of restriction on transferability, shares of Common Stock issued inconnection with the exercise of an Option or a SAR, or vesting of a Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated, assigned, margined orotherwise transferred by a Grantee in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares underlying such Award havebeen issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed or have been waived by the Committee. No Award or interest or right therein shall be subjectto the debts, contracts or engagements of a Grantee or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge,encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law, by judgment, lien, levy, attachment,garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy and divorce), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void, of noeffect, and not binding on the Company in any way. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may permit Options and/or shares issued in connection with anOption or a SAR exercise that are subject to restrictions on transferability, to be transferred one time and without payment or consideration to a member of aGrantee’s immediate family or to a trust or similar vehicle for the benefit of a Grantee’s immediate family members. During the lifetime of a Grantee, all rights withrespect to Awards shall be exercisable only by such Grantee or, if applicable pursuant to the preceding sentence, a permitted transferee.5.6 Form and Time of Elections. Unless otherwise specified herein, each election required or permitted to be made by any Grantee or other person entitledto benefits under the Plan, and any permitted modification, or revocation thereof, shall be in writing filed with the Committee at such times, in such form, and subjectto such restrictions and limitations, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall require.5.7 Agreement with Company. An Award under the Plan shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committeeshall, in its sole discretion, prescribe. The terms and conditions of any Award to any Grantee shall be reflected in such form of written document as is determined bythe Committee. A copy of such document shall be provided to the Grantee, and the Committee may, but need not, require that the Grantee shall sign a copy of suchdocument. Such document is referred to in the Plan as an “Award Agreement” regardless of whether any Grantee signature is required.5.8 Gender and Number. Where the context admits, words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular shall include the plural andthe plural shall include the singular.115.9 Limitation of Implied Rights.(iii)The Plan shall at all times be unfunded and neither a Grantee nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right in or titleto any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary whatsoever, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other propertywhich the Company or any Subsidiary, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan. Nothing contained in the Plan and noaction taken pursuant hereto shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Grantee or any other person. AGrantee shall have only a contractual right to the Stock or amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or anySubsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay anybenefits to any person.(iv)The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or service, and selection as a Grantee will not give any participating Employee, NonEmployeeDirector or Key Advisor the right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor any right or claim to any benefit under thePlan, unless such right or claim has specifically accrued under the terms of the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or the Award Agreement, noAward under the Plan shall confer upon the holder thereof any rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the date on which the individual fulfills allconditions for receipt of such rights.5.10 Section 409A . It is intended that all Options and SARs granted under the Plan shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 409A of the Code andthat all other Awards under the Plan, to the extent that they constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, willcomply with Section 409A of the Code (and any regulations and guidelines issued thereunder). The Plan and any Award Agreements issued hereunder may beamended in any respect deemed by the Board or the Committee to be necessary in order to preserve compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstandinganything in this Plan to the contrary, if required by Section 409A of the Code, if a Grantee is considered a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of theCode and if payment of any Award under this Plan is required to be delayed for a period of six months after “separation from service” within the meaning of Section409A of the Code, payment of such Award shall be delayed as required by Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts with respect to such Award shallbe paid in a lump sum payment within ten days after the end of the six month period. If the Grantee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment ofbenefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Grantee’s beneficiary within sixty (60) days after the date of the Grantee’sdeath. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In no event shall a Grantee, directly orindirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. To the extent that any provision of the Plan would cause a conflict with the requirements of section 409A of theCode, or would cause the administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, such provision shall be deemed null and void tothe extent permitted by applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, each Grantee shall be solely responsible forthe tax consequences of Awards under the Plan, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if an Award does not meet any applicablerequirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan to prevent taxation under Section 409A of the Code, the Companydoes not represent or warrant that the Plan or any Award complies with any provision of federal, state, local or other tax law.5.11 Regulations and Other Approvals.(i)The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules andregulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemednecessary or appropriate by the Committee.(ii)Each Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration orqualification of Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval ofany governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, nosuch Award shall be granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has beeneffected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.12(iii)In the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act andis not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act of 1933, asamended, or regulations thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the Committee may require a Grantee receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, asa condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Grantee is acquired for investmentonly and not with a view to distribution.(iv)With respect to persons subject to section 16 of the Exchange Act, it is the intent of the Company that the Plan and all transactions under the Plan complywith all applicable provisions of Rule 16b3.(v)All Awards under the Plan will be subject to any compensation, clawback and recoupment policies that may be applicable to the employees of theCompany, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the Board or Committee, whether or not approved before or after the Effective Date. Subject tothe requirements of applicable law, any such compensation, clawback and recoupment policies shall apply to Awards made after the effective date of thepolicy.5.12 NonEmployee Director Award Deferrals. The Committee may permit a NonEmployee Director to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the deliveryof shares that would otherwise be due to such NonEmployee Director in connection with any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awardsor CashBased Awards. If any such deferral election is permitted, the Committee shall establish rules and procedures for such deferrals and may provide for interestor other earnings to be paid on such deferrals, which rules and procedures shall be consistent with applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Unlessotherwise specified in a NonEmployee Director’s valid election, any deferred amount will be deferred until the earliest to occur of the NonEmployee Director’sdeath, separation from service, or Change of Control; provided that any such deferral election is made by the NonEmployee Director on or prior to December 31 ofthe calendar year preceding the calendar year in which any such amounts are earned, or, if such NonEmployee Director is newly eligible for purposes of Section409A of the Code, then within 30 days following the date he or she is first eligible, and then only with respect to amounts earned after the date of the election.6 Amendment and TerminationThe Plan may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time, except that the following actions may not be taken without stockholder approval:(i)any increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan (except by certain adjustments provided for under the Plan);(ii)any change in the class of persons eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan;(iii)any change in the requirements of Sections 4.2(i)(b) and 4.2(ii)(c) hereof regarding the exercise price of Options and the grant price of SARs;(iv)any repricing or cancellation and regrant of any Option or, if applicable, other Award at a lower exercise, base or purchase price, whether in the form of anamendment, cancellation or replacement grant, or a cashout of underwater options or any action that provides for Awards that contain a socalled “reload”feature under which additional Options or other Awards are granted automatically to the Grantee upon exercise of the original Option or Award; or(v)any other amendment to the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable law, regulation or rule or stock exchangelisting requirement.Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, adjustments pursuant to Section 3 shall not be subject to the foregoing limitations of this Section 6.137 Governing LawThe Plan and all Award Agreements entered into under the Plan shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York,except that any principles or provisions of New York law that would apply the law of another jurisdiction (other than applicable provisions of U.S. Federal law) shallbe disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, matters with respect to indemnification, delegation of authority under the Plan, and the legality of shares of Stockissued under the Plan, shall be governed by the Nevada Revised Statutes.8 SeverabilityIf any of the provision of this Plan is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision shall be deemedmodified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby; providedthat, if any such provision is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum scope determined to be acceptable to permit suchprovision to be enforceable, such provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary in order to make such provision enforceable.*****14EX31.1 3 f10k2019ex311_inmunebio.htm CERTIFICATIONExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THESARBANESOXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Raymond J. Tesi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10K of INmune Bio, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f)) for the registrantand have:a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theXencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or vesting of Other StockBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that suchPerformance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. The Committee shall determine the terms and conditions of such Awardsat the date of grant. Other StockBased Awards may not be granted with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments.(vi)CashBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of CashBased Awards, as deemed by the Committee to beconsistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of CashBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions on the payout or vesting ofCashBased Awards that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals. The Committee shall determine the terms andconditions of such Awards at the date of grant.(vii)Settlement of Options and SARs. Shares of Stock delivered pursuant to the exercise of an Option or SAR shall be subject to such conditions, restrictionsand contingencies as the Committee may establish in the applicable Award Agreement. Settlement of SARs may be made in shares of Stock (valued at theirFair Market Value at the time of exercise), in cash, or in a combination thereof, as determined in the discretion of the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The Committee, in its discretion, may impose such conditions, restrictions and contingencies with respect to shares of Stock acquiredpursuant to the exercise of an Option or an SAR as the Committee determines to be desirable.(viii)Vesting; Additional Terms. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, other than Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBasedAwards conditioned upon the attainment of Performance Goals that relate to performance periods of at least one fiscal year, Options, SARs, RestrictedStock, Restricted Stock Units or Other StockBased Awards granted hereunder shall vest as determined by the Committee and set forth in the AwardAgreement. The term of any Award granted under the Plan will not exceed ten years from the date of grant.(ix)Qualified PerformanceBased Compensation.a.The Committee may determine that Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awards or CashBased Awards granted to a CoveredEmployee shall be considered “qualified performancebased compensation” under section 162(m) of the Code, in which case the provisions of thisSection 4.2(ix) shall apply. As required pursuant to Section 162(m) of the Code and the regulations promulgated thereunder, the Committee’s authorityto grant new awards that are intended to qualify as performancebased compensation within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code (other thanqualifying Options and qualifying SARs) shall terminate upon the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year followingthe year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.b.When Awards are made under this Section 4.2(ix), the Committee shall establish in writing (i) the objective Performance Goals that must be met, (ii) theperiod during which performance will be measured, (iii) the maximum amounts that may be paid if the Performance Goals are met, and (iv) any otherconditions that the Committee deems appropriate and consistent with the requirements of Section 162(m) of the Code for “qualified performancebasedcompensation.” The Performance Goals shall satisfy the requirements for “qualified performancebased compensation,” including the requirement thatthe achievement of the goals be substantially uncertain at the time they are established and that the Performance Goals be established in such a waythat a third party with knowledge of the relevant facts could determine whether and to what extent the Performance Goals have been met. TheCommittee shall not have discretion to increase the amount of compensation that is payable, but may reduce the amount of compensation that ispayable, pursuant to Awards identified by the Committee as “qualified performancebased compensation.”9c.Performance Goals must be preestablished by the Committee. A Performance Goal is considered preestablished if it is established in writing not laterthan 90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates, provided that the outcome is substantiallyuncertain at the time the Committee actually established the goal. However, in no event will a Performance Goal be considered preestablished if it isestablished after 25% of the period of service (as scheduled in good faith at the time the goal is established) has elapsed.d.The Committee in its sole discretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company orany Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generallyaccepted accounting principles or practices, or to account for items of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature orinfrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business, as applicable, provided such adjustment occurs in writing not later than90 days after the commencement of the period of service to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of theperiod of service has elapsed). In addition, the Committee may specify that certain equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals will be made duringthe applicable Performance Period, provided such specification occurs in writing not later than 90 days after the commencement of the period ofservice to which the Performance Goal relates (and in no event later than the date that 25% of the period of service has elapsed).e.The Committee shall certify the performance results for the performance period specified in the Award Agreement after the performance period ends.The Committee shall determine the amount, if any, to be paid pursuant to each Award based on the achievement of the Performance Goals and thesatisfaction of all other terms of the Award Agreement. Subject to the provisions of Section 3.3 relating to capitalization adjustments, at such time asthe Company may be subject to the applicable provisions of Section 162(m) of the Code, a maximum of 50,000 shares of Stock subject to qualifiedperformancebased compensation may be granted to any Eligible Grantee during any calendar year during the 162(m) Term.f.The Committee may provide in the Award Agreement that Awards under this Section 4.2(ix) shall be payable, in whole or in part, in the event of theGrantee’s death or Disability, or under other circumstances consistent with the Treasury regulations and rulings under Section 162(m) of the Code.4.3 Change of Control of the Company.(i)The Committee may, at the time an Award is made or at any time prior to, coincident with or after the time of a Change of Control:a.provide for the adjustment of any Performance Goals as the Committee deems necessary or appropriate to reflect the Change of Control;b.provide for the cancellation of any Awards then outstanding if the surviving entity or acquiring entity (or the surviving or acquiring entity’s parentcompany) in the Change of Control replaces the Awards with new rights of substantially equivalent value, as determined by the Committee;c.provide that upon an involuntary termination of a Participant’s employment as a result of a Change of Control, any time periods shall accelerate, andany other conditions relating to the vesting, exercise, payment or distribution of an Award shall be waived; ord.provide that Awards shall be purchased for an amount of cash equal to the amount that could have been obtained for the shares covered by aRestricted Stock Award if it had been vested and or by an Option or SAR if it had been exercised at the time of the Change of Control.(ii)Notwithstanding any other provisions of the Plan or an Award Agreement to the contrary, the vesting, payment, purchase or distribution of an Award maynot be accelerated by reason of a Change of Control for any Grantee unless the Grantee’s employment is involuntarily terminated as a result of the Changeof Control as provided in the Award Agreement or in any other written agreement, including an employment agreement, between us and the Grantee.105 Operation5.1 Duration. Grants may be made under the Plan through [July __, 2029]. In the event of Plan termination while Awards remain outstanding, the Plan shallremain in effect as long as any Awards under it are outstanding, although no further grants may be made following Plan termination.5.2 Uncertificated Stock. Nothing contained in the Plan shall prohibit the issuance of Stock on an uncertificated basis, to the extent allowed by theCompany’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws, by applicable law and by the applicable rules of any stock exchange.5.3 Tax Withholding. All distributions under the Plan are subject to withholding of all applicable taxes, and the Committee may condition the delivery ofany shares or other benefits under the Plan on satisfaction of the applicable withholding obligations. The Committee, in its discretion, and subject to suchrequirements as the Committee may impose prior to the occurrence of such withholding, may permit such withholding obligations to be satisfied through cashpayment by the Grantee, through the surrender of shares of Stock which the Grantee already owns, through withholding from other compensation payable to theGrantee or through the surrender of unrestricted shares of Stock to which the Grantee is otherwise entitled under the Plan, but only to the extent of the minimumamount required to be withheld under applicable law.5.4 Use of Shares. Subject to the limitations on the number of shares of Stock that may be delivered under the Plan, the Committee may use available sharesof Stock as the form of payment for compensation, grants or rights earned or due under any other compensation plans or arrangements of the Company or aSubsidiary, including the plans and arrangements of the Company or a Subsidiary assumed in business combinations.5.5 Nontransferability. Awards granted under the Plan, and during any period of restriction on transferability, shares of Common Stock issued inconnection with the exercise of an Option or a SAR, or vesting of a Restricted Stock Award may not be sold, pledged, hypothecated, assigned, margined orotherwise transferred by a Grantee in any manner other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, unless and until the shares underlying such Award havebeen issued, and all restrictions applicable to such shares have lapsed or have been waived by the Committee. No Award or interest or right therein shall be subjectto the debts, contracts or engagements of a Grantee or his or her successors in interest or shall be subject to disposition by transfer, alienation, anticipation, pledge,encumbrance, assignment or any other means whether such disposition be voluntary or involuntary or by operation of law, by judgment, lien, levy, attachment,garnishment or any other legal or equitable proceedings (including bankruptcy and divorce), and any attempted disposition thereof shall be null and void, of noeffect, and not binding on the Company in any way. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may permit Options and/or shares issued in connection with anOption or a SAR exercise that are subject to restrictions on transferability, to be transferred one time and without payment or consideration to a member of aGrantee’s immediate family or to a trust or similar vehicle for the benefit of a Grantee’s immediate family members. During the lifetime of a Grantee, all rights withrespect to Awards shall be exercisable only by such Grantee or, if applicable pursuant to the preceding sentence, a permitted transferee.5.6 Form and Time of Elections. Unless otherwise specified herein, each election required or permitted to be made by any Grantee or other person entitledto benefits under the Plan, and any permitted modification, or revocation thereof, shall be in writing filed with the Committee at such times, in such form, and subjectto such restrictions and limitations, not inconsistent with the terms of the Plan, as the Committee shall require.5.7 Agreement with Company. An Award under the Plan shall be subject to such terms and conditions, not inconsistent with the Plan, as the Committeeshall, in its sole discretion, prescribe. The terms and conditions of any Award to any Grantee shall be reflected in such form of written document as is determined bythe Committee. A copy of such document shall be provided to the Grantee, and the Committee may, but need not, require that the Grantee shall sign a copy of suchdocument. Such document is referred to in the Plan as an “Award Agreement” regardless of whether any Grantee signature is required.5.8 Gender and Number. Where the context admits, words in any gender shall include any other gender, words in the singular shall include the plural andthe plural shall include the singular.115.9 Limitation of Implied Rights.(iii)The Plan shall at all times be unfunded and neither a Grantee nor any other person shall, by reason of participation in the Plan, acquire any right in or titleto any assets, funds or property of the Company or any Subsidiary whatsoever, including, without limitation, any specific funds, assets, or other propertywhich the Company or any Subsidiary, in its sole discretion, may set aside in anticipation of a liability under the Plan. Nothing contained in the Plan and noaction taken pursuant hereto shall create or be construed to create a fiduciary relationship between the Company and any Grantee or any other person. AGrantee shall have only a contractual right to the Stock or amounts, if any, payable under the Plan, unsecured by any assets of the Company or anySubsidiary, and nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guarantee that the assets of the Company or any Subsidiary shall be sufficient to pay anybenefits to any person.(iv)The Plan does not constitute a contract of employment or service, and selection as a Grantee will not give any participating Employee, NonEmployeeDirector or Key Advisor the right to be retained in the employ or service of the Company or any Subsidiary, nor any right or claim to any benefit under thePlan, unless such right or claim has specifically accrued under the terms of the Plan. Except as otherwise provided in the Plan or the Award Agreement, noAward under the Plan shall confer upon the holder thereof any rights as a stockholder of the Company prior to the date on which the individual fulfills allconditions for receipt of such rights.5.10 Section 409A . It is intended that all Options and SARs granted under the Plan shall be exempt from the provisions of Section 409A of the Code andthat all other Awards under the Plan, to the extent that they constitute “nonqualified deferred compensation” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code, willcomply with Section 409A of the Code (and any regulations and guidelines issued thereunder). The Plan and any Award Agreements issued hereunder may beamended in any respect deemed by the Board or the Committee to be necessary in order to preserve compliance with Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstandinganything in this Plan to the contrary, if required by Section 409A of the Code, if a Grantee is considered a “specified employee” for purposes of Section 409A of theCode and if payment of any Award under this Plan is required to be delayed for a period of six months after “separation from service” within the meaning of Section409A of the Code, payment of such Award shall be delayed as required by Section 409A of the Code, and the accumulated amounts with respect to such Award shallbe paid in a lump sum payment within ten days after the end of the six month period. If the Grantee dies during the postponement period prior to the payment ofbenefits, the amounts withheld on account of Section 409A of the Code shall be paid to the Grantee’s beneficiary within sixty (60) days after the date of the Grantee’sdeath. For purposes of Section 409A of the Code, each payment under the Plan shall be treated as a separate payment. In no event shall a Grantee, directly orindirectly, designate the calendar year of payment. To the extent that any provision of the Plan would cause a conflict with the requirements of section 409A of theCode, or would cause the administration of the Plan to fail to satisfy the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, such provision shall be deemed null and void tothe extent permitted by applicable law. Notwithstanding anything in the Plan or any Award Agreement to the contrary, each Grantee shall be solely responsible forthe tax consequences of Awards under the Plan, and in no event shall the Company have any responsibility or liability if an Award does not meet any applicablerequirements of Section 409A of the Code. Although the Company intends to administer the Plan to prevent taxation under Section 409A of the Code, the Companydoes not represent or warrant that the Plan or any Award complies with any provision of federal, state, local or other tax law.5.11 Regulations and Other Approvals.(i)The obligation of the Company to sell or deliver Stock with respect to any Award granted under the Plan shall be subject to all applicable laws, rules andregulations, including all applicable federal and state securities laws, and the obtaining of all such approvals by governmental agencies as may be deemednecessary or appropriate by the Committee.(ii)Each Award is subject to the requirement that, if at any time the Committee determines, in its absolute discretion, that the listing, registration orqualification of Stock issuable pursuant to the Plan is required by any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval ofany governmental regulatory body is necessary or desirable as a condition of, or in connection with, the grant of an Award or the issuance of Stock, nosuch Award shall be granted or payment made or Stock issued, in whole or in part, unless listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval has beeneffected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Committee.12(iii)In the event that the disposition of Stock acquired pursuant to the Plan is not covered by a then current registration statement under the Securities Act andis not otherwise exempt from such registration, such Stock shall be restricted against transfer to the extent required by the Securities Act of 1933, asamended, or regulations thereunder, and applicable state securities laws, and the Committee may require a Grantee receiving Stock pursuant to the Plan, asa condition precedent to receipt of such Stock, to represent to the Company in writing that the Stock acquired by such Grantee is acquired for investmentonly and not with a view to distribution.(iv)With respect to persons subject to section 16 of the Exchange Act, it is the intent of the Company that the Plan and all transactions under the Plan complywith all applicable provisions of Rule 16b3.(v)All Awards under the Plan will be subject to any compensation, clawback and recoupment policies that may be applicable to the employees of theCompany, as in effect from time to time and as approved by the Board or Committee, whether or not approved before or after the Effective Date. Subject tothe requirements of applicable law, any such compensation, clawback and recoupment policies shall apply to Awards made after the effective date of thepolicy.5.12 NonEmployee Director Award Deferrals. The Committee may permit a NonEmployee Director to defer receipt of the payment of cash or the deliveryof shares that would otherwise be due to such NonEmployee Director in connection with any Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, Other StockBased Awardsor CashBased Awards. If any such deferral election is permitted, the Committee shall establish rules and procedures for such deferrals and may provide for interestor other earnings to be paid on such deferrals, which rules and procedures shall be consistent with applicable requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Unlessotherwise specified in a NonEmployee Director’s valid election, any deferred amount will be deferred until the earliest to occur of the NonEmployee Director’sdeath, separation from service, or Change of Control; provided that any such deferral election is made by the NonEmployee Director on or prior to December 31 ofthe calendar year preceding the calendar year in which any such amounts are earned, or, if such NonEmployee Director is newly eligible for purposes of Section409A of the Code, then within 30 days following the date he or she is first eligible, and then only with respect to amounts earned after the date of the election.6 Amendment and TerminationThe Plan may be terminated or amended by the Board at any time, except that the following actions may not be taken without stockholder approval:(i)any increase in the number of shares that may be issued under the Plan (except by certain adjustments provided for under the Plan);(ii)any change in the class of persons eligible to receive ISOs under the Plan;(iii)any change in the requirements of Sections 4.2(i)(b) and 4.2(ii)(c) hereof regarding the exercise price of Options and the grant price of SARs;(iv)any repricing or cancellation and regrant of any Option or, if applicable, other Award at a lower exercise, base or purchase price, whether in the form of anamendment, cancellation or replacement grant, or a cashout of underwater options or any action that provides for Awards that contain a socalled “reload”feature under which additional Options or other Awards are granted automatically to the Grantee upon exercise of the original Option or Award; or(v)any other amendment to the Plan that would require approval of the Company’s stockholders under applicable law, regulation or rule or stock exchangelisting requirement.Notwithstanding any of the foregoing, adjustments pursuant to Section 3 shall not be subject to the foregoing limitations of this Section 6.137 Governing LawThe Plan and all Award Agreements entered into under the Plan shall be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws of the State of New York,except that any principles or provisions of New York law that would apply the law of another jurisdiction (other than applicable provisions of U.S. Federal law) shallbe disregarded. Notwithstanding the foregoing, matters with respect to indemnification, delegation of authority under the Plan, and the legality of shares of Stockissued under the Plan, shall be governed by the Nevada Revised Statutes.8 SeverabilityIf any of the provision of this Plan is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable (whether in whole or in part), such provision shall be deemedmodified to the extent, but only to the extent, of such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability and the remaining provisions shall not be affected thereby; providedthat, if any such provision is finally held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable because it exceeds the maximum scope determined to be acceptable to permit suchprovision to be enforceable, such provision shall be deemed modified to the minimum extent necessary in order to make such provision enforceable.*****14EX31.1 3 f10k2019ex311_inmunebio.htm CERTIFICATIONExhibit 31.1CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERPURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF THESARBANESOXLEY ACT OF 2002I, Raymond J. Tesi, certify that:1.I have reviewed this Annual Report on Form 10K of INmune Bio, Inc.;2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statementsmade, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financialcondition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in ExchangeAct Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a15(f) and 15d15(f)) for the registrantand have:a)designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensurethat material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities,particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;b)designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision,to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes inaccordance with generally accepted accounting principles;c)evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectivenessof the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; andd)disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscalquarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, theXencor, Inc. License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into a license agreement (“Xencor License Agreement”) with Xencor, Inc. (“Xencor”), which has discovered anddeveloped a proprietary biological molecule that inhibits soluble tumor necrosis factor. Pursuant to the license agreement, Xencor granted the Company an exclusiveworldwide, royaltybearing license in licensed patent rights, licensed knowhow and licensed materials (as defined in the license agreement) to make, develop, use,sell and import any pharmaceutical product that comprises, contains, or incorporates Xencor’s proprietary protein known as “XPro1595” that inhibits soluble tumornecrosis factor (or all modifications, formulations and variants of the licensed protein that specifically bind soluble tumor necrosis factor) alone or in combinationwith one or more active ingredients, in any dosage or formulation (“Licensed Products”). The Company believes the protein has numerous medical applications.Such additional alternative applications of the technology are available under the license agreement. In connection with the license agreement, the Company paidXencor a onetime noncreditable and nonrefundable fee of $100,000 and issued Xencor 1,585,000 shares of the Company’s common stock with a fair value of$12,221,000. In addition, the Company issued Xencor fully vested warrants with a fair value of $4,193,000 to purchase an additional number of shares of commonstock equal to 10% of the fully diluted company shares immediately following such purchase. The warrants have an exercise price based on a valuation of theCompany at $100,000,000 and expire on October 3, 2023. The aggregate purchase price for the full exercise of the option is $10,000,000 which purchase price shall beprorated for any partial exercise of the Warrant. In August 2018, the Company entered into a First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement. Pursuant to theamendment, the purchase price for the additional shares may only be paid by cash.The Company recorded $16,514,000 for the acquisition of intangible assets for the inprocess research and development as the fair value of the cash, stock andwarrants on the date of the License Agreement acquisition in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification 730 – Research and Development. The Companyhas the license rights to pursue alternative applications of the technology as part of its future development plans.The Company also agreed to pay Xencor a royalty on Net Sales of all Licensed Products in a given calendar year, which are payable on a countryby country andlicensed product by licensed product basis until the date that is the later of (a) the expiration of the last to expire valid claim covering such Licensed Product in suchcountry or (b) ten years following the first sale to a third party of the licensed product in such country.Under the Xencor License Agreement, the Company also agreed to pay Xencor a percentage of any sublicensing revenue that it receives.Novamune Joint Development AgreementOn September 3, 2016, the Company entered into a joint development agreement with Novamune, Inc. (“Novamune”) (the “Development Agreement”). Novamune isowned by a significant shareholder of the Company. Novamune had previously developed and licensed technology relating to exvivo activation of NK cells for thetreatment of cancer and other diseases. The parties agreed to exclusively collaborate on the further development of technologies related to NK cells for therapeuticapplications. The Company and Novamune agreed to share equally in the costs related to such joint development projects and agreed to jointly own any intellectualproperty developed by the joint projects, provided that Novamune shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to exvivo applications and the Company shall have an exclusive royalty free license to use any such intellectual property relating to invivo applications. The Companycompleted its part of the Novamune Agreement and does not currently expect to receive any future reimbursements from Novamune. As of December 31, 2019 andDecember 31, 2018, the Company had a joint development receivable outstanding related to Novamune’s portion of R&D costs incurred of $0 and $17,989,respectively.INKmune License AgreementOn October 29, 2015, the Company entered into an exclusive license agreement with Immune Ventures, LLC (“Immune Ventures”), owner of all of the rights related toour principal patent (the “INKmune License Agreement”). Pursuant to the INKmune License Agreement, the Company was granted exclusive worldwide rights tothe patents, including rights to incorporate any improvements or additions to the patents that may be developed in the future. In consideration for the patent rights,the Company agreed to the following milestone payments (of which none have been met as of December 31, 2019):Each Phase I initiation$25,000Each Phase II initiation$250,000Each Phase III initiation$350,000Each NDA/EMA filing$1,000,000Each NDA/EMA awarded$9,000,000F10In addition, the Company agreed to pay the licensor a royalty of 1% of net sales during the life of each patent granted to the Company. The License is owned by RJTesi, the Company’s President and a member of our Board of Directors, David Moss, its Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer and Mark Lowdell, its Chief ScientificOfficer. As of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018, no sales had occurred under this license.The term of the agreement began on October 29, 2015 and, if not terminated sooner pursuant to the agreement, ends on a country by country basis on the date ofthe expiration of the last to expire patent rights where patent rights exists. Upon the termination of the agreement we shall have a fully paid up, perpetual, royaltyfree license without further obligation to Immune Ventures. The agreement can be terminated by Immune Ventures if, after 60 days from the Company’s receipt ofnotice that the Company has not made a payment under the agreement, and the Company still does not make this payment. On July 20, 2018, the parties amended theagreement under which the Company is required achieve the following milestones:Initiation of Phase 1 clinical or equivalent trials by October 29, 2020Initiation of Phase II clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2022Initiation of Phase III clinical trials or equivalent by October 29, 2024Filing of NDA or equivalent by October 29, 2025 or equivalentIf the Company doesn’t achieve the above milestones, it is required to negotiate in good faith with Immune Ventures to determine how it can either remedy thefailure or achieve an alternate development. If the Company fails to make any required efforts or if the efforts do not remedy the situation within 60 days of writtennotice by Immune Ventures then Immune Ventures may provide notice to terminate the license or convert it to a nonexclusive license.University of Pittsburg License AgreementOn October 3, 2017, the Company entered into an Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures related to intellectual property licensed from theUniversity of Pittsburgh. Pursuant to the Assignment and Assumption Agreement (“Assignment Agreement”), Immune Ventures assigned all of its rights,obligations and liabilities under an Exclusive License Agreement between the University of Pittsburgh – Of the Commonwealth System of Higher Education(“Licensor”) and Immune Ventures to INmune Bio (“Licensee”), (the “PITT Agreement”).Consideration under the PITT Agreement includes: (i) annual maintenance fees, (ii) royalty payments based on the sale of products making use of the licensedtechnology, and (iii) milestone payments.Annual maintenance fees under the PITT Agreement include: $5,000 due June 26 of each year 20202022; $10,000 due on June 26 of each year 20232024; and $25,000due on June 26 of each year 2025 and annually thereafter until first commercial sale.June 26 of each year 20202022$5,000June 26 of each year 20232024$10,000June 26 of each year 2025 until first commercial sale$25,000Upon first commercial sale of a product making use of the licensed technology under the PITT Agreement, the Licensee is required to pay royalties equal to 2.5% ofNet Sales each calendar quarter.Moreover, under the PITT Agreement the Licensee is required to make milestone payments as follows:Each Phase I initiation$50,000Each Phase III initiation$500,000First commercial sale of product making use of licensed technology$1,250,000The Company made a $50,000 milestone payment in March 2019 pursuant to the PITT Agreement as a result of a Phase I initiation. The PITT Agreement expiresupon the earlier of: (i) expiration of the last claim of the Patent Rights forming the subject matter of the PITT Agreement; or (ii) the date that is 20 years from theeffective date of the agreement (June 26, 2037).F11Licensee may terminate the PITT Agreement upon 3 months prior written notice provided all payments under the license are current. Licensor may terminate thePITT Agreement upon written notice if: (i) Licensee defaults as to performance of material obligations which have not been cured within 60 days after receivingwritten notice; or (ii) Licensee ceases to carry out its business, becomes bankrupt or insolvent, applies for or consents to the appointment of a trustee, receiver orliquidator of its assets or seeks relief under any law for the aid of debtors.University College London License Agreement – MSCOn July 19, 2019, the Company entered into license agreement with UCL Business PLC (“UCLB”) with a ten (10) year term. Pursuant to the license agreement, theCompany acquired an exclusive license (and a right to sublicense) to the technology and knowhow relating to an isolation and commercial scale expansionmethodology of GMP grade human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (“MSC”).In exchange for the license agreement, the Company paid UCLB an initial license fee of approximately $10,000 and shall pay annual licensing fees of approximately$13,000 per year for the remaining term of the agreement beginning in July 2020. The Company will pay UCLB a royalty of 33.5%% of the net sales value (as definedin the agreement) of all licensed products sold or used by the Company. In the event the Company sublicenses the technology and knowhow, the Company willpay UCLB a royalty of twelve (12) percent of consideration (cash or noncash) received by the Company in relation to the development or sublicensing of any ofthe technology and knowhow.NOTE 5 – LEASEIn May 2019, the Company signed a sublease agreement with a related party for office space in La Jolla, California, which serves as the new headquarters of theCompany. The lease has a 61month term, which corresponds to the lease term of the lessor. The lessor is CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services (“CTI”). CTI ismajorityowned by a member of the Company’s Board of Directors. The lessor may extend its lease for an additional 5 years, and, if it does, the Company may alsoextend its sublease for 5 years. The Company did not include the option to extend in the calculation of the lease liabilities as such extension is not reasonably certainto occur. Variable lease costs for the Company’s lease consists of operating expenses for the spaces. Below is a summary of the Company’s rightofuse assets andliabilities as of December 31, 2019:Rightofuse asset – related party$191,543Operating lease, current liability – related party$8,288Longterm operating lease liability – related party160,164Total lease liability$168,452Weightedaverage remaining lease term4.5 yearsWeightedaverage discount rate10.00%During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company recognized $33,204 in operating lease expense, which is included in general and administrative expenses inthe Company’s consolidated statement of operations.NOTE 6 – RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONSUCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.F12CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI. See Note 5.Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.NOTE 7 – STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITYInitial Public OfferingDuring February 2019, the Company completed its initial public offering in which the Company sold 1,020,820 shares of its common stock for gross proceeds of$8,166,560 (net proceeds of $7,251,142).Lincoln Park TransactionOn May 15, 2019, the Company entered into the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement pursuant to which Lincoln Park has agreed to purchase from us up to anaggregate of $20.0 million of the Company’s common stock (subject to certain limitations) from time to time over the 24month term of the agreement. The Companyalso entered into a registration rights agreement with Lincoln Park pursuant to which the Company filed with the SEC the registration statement to register for resaleunder the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, the shares of common stock that have been or may be issued to Lincoln Park under the PurchaseAgreement. The registration statement was effective as of July 2, 2019.On May 15, 2019, 70,000 newly issued shares of the Company’s common stock were issued to Lincoln Park as consideration for Lincoln Park’s commitment topurchase shares of the Company’s common stock under the agreement, and 30,000 newly issued shares of common stock, valued at $10.00 per share, were sold toLincoln Park in an initial purchase for an aggregate gross purchase price of $300,000 ($230,000 net of offering costs).Under the terms and subject to the conditions of the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, the Company has the right, but not the obligation, to sell to Lincoln Park,and Lincoln Park is obligated to purchase up to, an additional $19.7 million worth of shares of the Company’s common stock. Such future sales of common stock bythe Company, if any, will be subject to certain limitations, and may occur from time to time, at the Company’s option, over the 24month term of the agreement.As contemplated by the Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement, and so long as the closing price of the Company’s common stock exceeds $3.50 per share, then theCompany may direct Lincoln Park, at its sole discretion to purchase up to 20,000 shares of its common stock on any business day. The price per share for suchpurchases will be equal to the lower of: (i) the lowest sale price on the applicable purchase date and (ii) the arithmetic average of the three (3) lowest closing saleprices for the Company’s common stock during the twelve (12) consecutive business days ending on the business day immediately preceding such purchase date(in each case, to be appropriately adjusted for any reorganization, recapitalization, noncash dividend, stock split or other similar transaction that occurs on or afterthe date of the purchase agreement). The maximum amount of shares subject to any single regular purchase increases as the Company’s share price increases,subject to a maximum of $1.0 million.In addition to regular purchases, the Company may also direct Lincoln Park to purchase other amounts as accelerated purchases or as additional purchases if theclosing sale price of the common stock exceeds certain threshold prices as set forth in the purchase agreement. There are no trading volume requirements orrestrictions under the purchase agreement nor any upper limits on the price per share that Lincoln Park must pay for shares of common stock.F13The Lincoln Park Purchase Agreement and the registration rights agreement contain customary representations, warranties, agreements and conditions tocompleting future sale transactions, indemnification rights and obligations of the parties. The Company has the right to terminate the purchase agreement at anytime, at no cost or penalty. During any “event of default” under the purchase agreement, all of which are outside of Lincoln Park’s control, Lincoln Park does nothave the right to terminate the purchase agreement; however, the Company may not initiate any regular or other purchase of shares by Lincoln Park, until such eventof default is cured. In addition, in the event of bankruptcy proceedings by or against the Company, the purchase agreement will automatically terminate.Actual sales of shares of common stock to Lincoln Park under the purchase agreement will depend on a variety of factors to be determined by the Company fromtime to time, including, among others, market conditions, the trading price of the common stock and determinations by the Company as to the appropriate sources offunding for the Company and its operations. Lincoln Park has no right to require any sales by the Company, but is obligated to make purchases from the Companyas it directs in accordance with the purchase agreement. Lincoln Park has covenanted not to cause or engage in any manner whatsoever, any direct or indirect shortselling or hedging of the Company’s shares.April and May 2019 Stock SaleDuring April and May 2019, the Company sold 522,212 shares of its common stock to certain investors for cash proceeds of $4,727,879, of which the Company’sCEO purchased 11,100 shares for $119,325 of cash and the Company’s CFO purchased 5,000 shares for $53,550 of cash.Luminus Stock SaleDuring the year ended December 31, 2018, to complete a series of funding provided for in the Company’s joint development agreement dated September 3, 2016, theCompany received $900,000 in cash from Luminus in exchange for 400,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Luminus is owned by a significant shareholder ofthe Company.Common Stock for ServicesStrategic consulting and corporate developmentDuring November 2019, the Company issued 8,475 shares of common stock to a third party in exchange for strategic consulting and corporate development servicespursuant to the Company’s 2019 Equity Incentive Plan. The grant date fair value of these shares was $47,205.Pacific Seaboard Consulting AgreementOn May 16, 2018, the Company entered into a consulting agreement with Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (“Pacific Seaboard”) for corporate governance,compliance services regarding the filing of a listing application and assist with activities related to its initial public offering. The term of the consulting agreement isfrom April 24, 2018 to May 1, 2021. In consideration of the consultant’s services, the Company agreed to issue 600,000 shares of its restricted common stock, ofwhich 200,000 shares were to be issued on May 16, 2018, 200,000 shares shall be locked up for six months after the effective date of the Company’s registrationstatement and 200,000 shares shall be locked up for 10 months after the date of the Company’s offering. Pursuant to this agreement, the Company recorded$4,626,000 as common stock issuable as of December 31, 2018 for the 600,000 shares of common stock to be issued. During June 2019, the Company issued 400,000shares of its common stock to Pacific Seaboard, whereby the Company was initially required to issue 600,000 shares to Pacific Seaboard, but subsequently receiveda waiver from Pacific Seaboard during April 2019 permanently waiving the last 200,000 shares owed. The Company recorded a waiver of common stock issuable of$1,542,000 during the year ended December 31, 2019 pursuant to the waiver agreement.SettlementIn November 2016, the Company entered into a settlement agreement whereby the Company agreed to issue 33,335 shares of the Company’s common stock to anindividual to settle a claim in full. The Company assessed the value of the common stock owed form the most readily determinable value of the shares of theCompany’s common stock issuable as a part of this settlement. These shares have not been issued and are subject to a restriction on transfer for a period of twoyears from the date the Company completes an initial public offering or otherwise becomes a public company after which the Company will deliver the shares to theindividual. The obligation was recorded as common stock issuable of $50,000 as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, pending delivery of the shares to theindividual after the restriction period expires.F14Stock optionsIn September 2019, upon obtaining stockholder approval, the Company implemented the 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (2019 Stock Plan). The 2019 Stock Plan providesfor the grant of incentive stock options, nonstatutory stock options, restricted stock and other stockbased compensation awards to employees, officers, directorsand consultants of the Company. The administration of the 2019 Stock Plan is under the general supervision of the compensation committee of the board ofdirectors. The exercise price of the stock options is determined by the compensation committee of the board of directors, provided that stock options are grantedwith an exercise price not less than fair market value of the common stock on the date of grant. As of December 31, 2019, the Company had options outstanding topurchase 1,785,000 shares of its common stock, pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan. The stock options issued pursuant to the 2019 Stock Plan have an aggregated fairvalue of $5,500,616 that was calculated using the BlackScholes optionpricing model. Variables used in the BlackScholes optionpricing model include: (1) discountrate of 1.71%1.76% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates (2) expected life of 6.0 – 10.0 years, (3) expected volatility of approximately 94% based on thetrading history of similar companies, and (4) zero expected dividends.The following table summarizes stock option activity during the year ended December 31, 2019:Number ofSharesWeightedaverageExercisePriceWeightedaverageRemainingContractualTerm (years)AggregateIntrinsicValueOutstanding at January 1, 2018$Options granted1,632,000$7.80Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at January 1, 20191,632,000$7.809.07Options granted1,785,000$3.91Options exercised$Options cancelled$Outstanding at December 31, 20193,417,000$5.779.03$3,373,650Exercisable at December 31, 20191,494,993$7.698.10$81,257During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized stockbased compensation expense of $4,049,333 and $5,375,359, respectively, relatedto stock options. As of December 31, 2019, there was $6,492,888 of total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested stock options which is expected tobe recognized over a weightedaverage period of 2.66 years. The weightedaverage grant date fair values, based on the BlackScholes option model, of optionsgranted during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $3.07 and $6.37, respectively.WarrantsIn connection with the Company’s initial public offering in February 2019, the Company issued warrants to the placement agents to purchase 40,982 shares of theCompany’s common stock at an exercise price of $9.60 per common share, which warrants are exercisable until December 19, 2023. The fair value of these warrantswas valued at $247,452 based on the BlackScholes Option Pricing Model and accounted for as an offering cost in equity. The assumptions used for these warrantsconsist of an exercise price of $9.60 per share, expected dividends of 0%, expected volatility of 106.85% based on a trading history of similar companies, a riskfreerate of 2.51% based on the applicable US Treasury bill rates and an expected life of 4.9 years. These warrants had no intrinsic value as of December 31, 2019.In October 2017, in connection with the Xencor License Agreement, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase an additional number of shares ofcommon stock equal to 10% of the fully diluted Company shares immediately following such purchase. See Note 4. These warrants had no intrinsic value as ofDecember 31, 2019.F15On June 30, 2017, the Company issued fully vested warrants to purchase 31,667 shares of the Company’s common stock to a third party in conjunction with thecommon stock sold for cash. The warrants have a $1.50 exercise price and expire on June 30, 2020. These warrants had an intrinsic value of $136,168 as of December31, 2019.Stockbased Compensation by Class of ExpenseThe following summarizes the components of stockbased compensation expense in the consolidated statements of operations for the years ended December 31,2019 and 2018 respectively:Year EndedDecember 31,2019Year EndedDecember 31,2018Research and development$1,751,311$2,131,539General and administrative2,345,2277,869,820Total$4,096,538$10,001,359NOTE 8 – INCOME TAXESThe provision for income taxes consists of the following components:December 31,2019December 31,2018Current expense (benefit)$ $ FederalForeignCurrent income tax expenseDeferred expense (benefit)FederalForeignDeferred income taxNet deferred taxes$$A reconciliation of income tax benefit computed using the federal statutory income tax rate to the Company’s tax expense is as follows:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Federal tax benefit at statutory rate (21%)$(1,612,444)$(2,612,404)Stockbased compensation804,4571,546,922State income tax benefit, net of federal tax effect(159,154)(418,095)Foreign tax differential(22,993)(4,019)Research credits353,561Other4,622Forgiveness of stock payable323,820Return to provision adjustment67,005Change in valuation allowance241,1261,487,596Income tax benefit$$F16The principal components of deferred tax assets and liabilities consist of the following at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively:December 31, 2019December 31, 2018Deferred tax assetsStockbased compensation$214,970$971,460Federal NOL carryforwards1,314,314355,568Foreign NOL carryforwards378,875340,005Total deferred tax assets1,908,1591,667,033Less valuation allowance(1,908,159)(1,667,033)Net deferred tax assets$$At December 31, 2019, the Company had a federal net operating loss carryforward of approximately $6.3 million. The net operating loss carryforwards for 2017 willbegin to expire in the year ending December 31, 2037. The net operating loss carryforwards starting in 2018 have no expiration. The change in the valuationallowance was $241,126 during the year ended December 31, 2019.The Company recognizes uncertain tax positions in accordance with ASC 740 on the basis of evaluating whether it is more likely than not that the tax positions willbe sustained upon examination by tax authorities. For those tax positions that meet the morelikelythan not recognition threshold, we recognize the largest amountof tax benefit that is more than 50 percent likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. As of December 31, 2019, and 2018, the Company has no significantuncertain tax positions. There are no unrecognized tax benefits included on the balance sheet that would, if recognized, impact the effective tax rate. The Companydoes not anticipate there will be a significant change in unrecognized tax benefits within the next 12 months.NOTE 9 – SUBSEQUENT EVENTSDuring January 2020, the Company purchased 220,000 shares of its common stock from a shareholder pursuant to a repurchase agreement. The purchase price was$4.60 per share, resulting in a total purchase price of $1,012,000. The Company then cancelled these shares.During January 2020, the Company sold 196,000 shares of common stock to Lincoln Park for total cash proceeds of $1,002,684.During February 2020, the Company was awarded a $500,000 grant from The Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Association to Fund studies of the use ofXPro1595 against ALS. The ALS Association paid $300,000 of the grant in February 2020, and the Company expects to receive $100,000 in February 2021 and theremaining $100,000 in August 2021, subject to the Company providing the ALS Association certain research progress reports and expenditure reports pursuant tothe grant award.F17Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial DisclosureNone.Item 9A. Controls and ProceduresDisclosure Controls and ProceduresEvaluation of Disclosure Controls and ProceduresOur management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls andprocedures as of December 31, 2019. The term “disclosure controls and procedures,” as defined in Rules 13a15(e) and 15d15(e) under the Securities Exchange Actof 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), means controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosedby a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported, within the time periods specified in theSEC’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to bedisclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the company’s management, including itsprincipal executive and principal financial officers, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management recognizes that any controlsand procedures, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives and management necessarilyapplies its judgment in evaluating the costbenefit relationship of possible controls and procedures. Based on the evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and ChiefFinancial Officer concluded that, due to the small size of the Company and limited segregation of duties, our disclosure controls and procedures were not effectiveas of December 31, 2019.Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting FirmOur independent registered public accounting firm will not be required to formally attest to the effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reportingfor as long as we are an “emerging growth company” pursuant to the provisions of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act.Management’s Report on Internal Control Over Financial ReportingOur CEO and our CFO are responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined inExchange Act Rules 13a15(f). Management conducted an assessment of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019. Inmaking this assessment, management used the criteria described in Internal ControlIntegrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of SponsoringOrganizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). Our management concluded that our internal controls over financial reporting were, and continue to beineffective, as of December 31, 2019 due to material weaknesses in our internal controls due to the limited segregation of duties.A material weakness is a control deficiency (within the meaning of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (“PCAOB”) Auditing Standard 1305)or combination of control deficiencies that result in more than a remote likelihood that a material misstatement of the annual or interim financial statements will not beprevented or detected.It should be noted that any system of controls, however well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable and not absolute assurance that theobjectives of the system are met. In addition, the design of any control system is based in part upon certain assumptions about the likelihood of certain events.Because of these and other inherent limitations of control systems, there can be no assurance that any design will succeed in achieving its stated goals under allpotential future conditions, regardless of how remote.In light of the material weakness described above, the Company intends to devote additional resources to the accounting and finance department as soonas it becomes practical. We believe that the financial statements included in this report fairly present, in all material respects, our financial condition, results ofoperations and cash flows for the periods presented.Changes in Internal Control over Financial ReportingThere were no changes in our internal controls over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of the fiscal year covered by this AnnualReport on Form 10K that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.Item 9B. Other Information70PART IIIITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCEMANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth our executive officers and directors, their ages and position(s) with the Company.NameAgePositionRaymond J. Tesi, MD64President and CEO, and DirectorDavid J. Moss49Chief Financial Officer, Treasurer and SecretaryMark Lowdell, PhD57Chief Scientific OfficerJ. Kelly Ganjei47DirectorTim Schroeder62DirectorDavid Szymkowski, PhD57DirectorScott Juda, JD49DirectorEdgardo Baccharini60DirectorMarcia Allen69DirectorDirectors are elected annually and hold office until the next annual meeting of the stockholders of the Company and until their successors are elected.Officers are elected annually and serve at the discretion of the Board of Directors.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D. has been our President, Chief Executive Officer and a member of the board of directors of the Company since the formation of theCompany in September 2015. From November 2011 until May 2015, Dr. Tesi was CEO, President and Acting Chief Medical Officer of FPRT Bio Inc., a developmentstage biotech formed to develop XPro1595 for the treatment of neurodegenerative disease and other inflammatory diseases. From November 2010 to October 2011,Dr. Tesi was Chief Medical Officer of Adienne SRL, an emerging biotech in Bergamo, Italy focused on products to treat patients with hematologic malignancy. FromJune 2007 to September 2010, Dr. Tesi was founder, CEO and President of Coronado Biosciences. Dr. Tesi received his MD degree from Washington UniversitySchool of Medicine in 1982. Dr. Tesi has been a licensed physician since 1982 and Fellow of the American College of Surgery since 1991. Dr. Tesi’s significantexperience with our licensed technology and his experience as a transplant surgeon, entrepreneur, investor and director of startup biopharmaceutical companieswere instrumental in his selection as a member of the board of directors.David J. Moss, M.B.A. has been the Chief Financial Officer since our formation in September 2015. From September 15, 2015 until April 2018, Mr. Moss wasalso a member of our board of directors. Mr. Moss is a director of CareSpan International, Inc. and served as a director of Pegasi Energy Resources Corporation fromMay 2007 to January 2014 and was a founding investor in Reliant Service Group LLC which recently sold in 2015 to a leading private equity firm. From 1996 until2001 he served as Managing Partner at a Seattle based venture capital firm, The Phoenix Partners. From November 2010 until October 2011, Mr. Moss was the ChiefExecutive Officer, sole director and a majority shareholder of Tamandare Explorations Inc. a private specialty pharmaceutical company. In October 2011 TamandareExplorations engaged in a merger transaction pursuant to with Tonix Pharmaceuticals Holding Corp., which at the time had its common stock listed on the OTCBulletin Board and is currently listed on Nasdaq Capital Market. In connection with the merger transaction Mr. Moss resigned as Tamandare Explorations ChiefExecutive Officer and a member of its board of directors. From 2001 until the formation of INmune Bio in 2015, Mr. Moss has invested in healthcare technologycompanies. Mr. Moss holds an MBA from Rice University and a BA in Economics from the University of California, San Diego.71Mark Lowdell, Ph.D. was a member of the board of directors of the Company from its formation in September 2015 until July 2018 and has been our ChiefScientific Officer since October 2015. Prof. Lowdell is Professor of Cell and Tissue Therapy at University College London where he has led a translationalimmunotherapy group since 1994. Since February 2009, Prof. Lowdell has also been Director of Cellular Therapy at the Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust.He received his PhD in clinical immunology from London Hospital Medical College, University of London in 1992 and is a qualified immunopathologist. Prof.Lowdell’s education and significant academic and clinical experience with cellular therapies were instrumental in his selection as Chief Scientific Officer.Timothy Schroeder has been one of our directors since December 2016. Timothy Schroeder, CEO and Founder of CTI Clinical Trial & Consulting Services(“CTI”), has over 35 years of clinical, academic, and industry experience in global drug and device development programs. CTI, founded in 1999, is a multinationalresearch firm with associates in North America, Europe, Latin America and AsiaPacific. The firm has supported more than 100 drug and device approvals, andcurrently works on behalf of approximately 120 global pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies. Prior to founding CTI, Mr. Schroeder held numerous facultypositions with the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine. He was also the founding Executive Vice President of Clinical Development at SangStat MedicalCorporation, which went public in 1995. Mr. Schroeder is currently a board member for over a dozen corporate and nonprofit organizations, including XavierUniversity, which he attended. Mr. Schroeder was named as an EY Entrepreneur of the Year in 2015 and was recognized as Top Leader by the Enquirer Media in 2016.Mr. Schroder has significant clinical trial and drug development experience which is why he was selected as a member of the board of directorsDavid Szymkowski, Ph.D has been one of our directors since August 2018. Dr. Szymkowski has been the vice president of Cellular biology at Xencor, Inc.since 2016. Xencor whose common stock is listed on NASDAQ is a clinicalstage biopharmaceutical company developing engineered monoclonal antibodies fortreatment of autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergic diseases and cancer. David E. Szymkowski leads the immunology group as Vice President of Cell Biology atXencor Inc. where he is focused on translational development of Fcengineered and bispecific antibodies for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, allergicdiseases, and cancer. Prior to joining Xencor in 2002, Dr. Szymkowski was a principal scientist in the respiratory group at Roche Bioscience in Palo Alto, CA.Previously, he was a virology program leader at Roche Pharmaceuticals in the U.K. With 25 years of big pharma and biotech R&D experience at Roche and at Xencor,Dr. Szymkowski has been instrumental in 10 IND submissions, coauthored over forty papers and reviews, is an inventor on over a dozen patents, and speaksfrequently on the development of antibody therapeutics and other biologics. Dr. Szymkowski has contributed to the advancement of numerous antibody drugs intoclinical trials for lupus, asthma, allergy, and hematological and solid tumors. He received his B.A. at Johns Hopkins University and his Ph.D. in molecular and cellbiology from Penn State, and completed a postdoc at the Imperial Cancer Research Fund (U.K.). Dr. Szymkowski serves on the board as the Xencor representativepursuant to a voting agreement with other shareholders of the Company, and has significant experience in pharmaceutical business development.J. Kelly Ganjei, has been one of our directors since September 2016. Mr. Ganjei joined Cognate BioServices, Inc. in 2011 as the Chief Executive Officer. Mr.Ganjei has over 20 years of experience within the life science, venture capital and IT sectors and has lead companies through various stages of development,ranging from the virtual startup, to the midcap restart, through the exponential growth phase, and into a public exit. Prior to joining Cognate, Mr. Ganjei was theprincipal at an SBA venture capital firm where he was brought on to support deal flow into and out of the fund, with a specific focus on regenerative medicine,immunotherapy and cell therapy investment opportunities. While in this role, he helped the venture capital firm exit the SBA program and was the key driver ofseveral other strategic deals for various portfolio companies. Previously, Mr. Ganjei was the CEO and Cofounder of Remegenix, Inc. Prior to Remegenix, Inc., was aVice President of Business Development at TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei helped close several tranches of TissueGene’s Series A and B funding and was responsiblefor developing the global informatics infrastructure for the company and its affiliates. Prior to TissueGene, Inc., Mr. Ganjei served as a Product Marketing Managerfor LabVantage where he was the key technical sales and marketing lead for LabVantage’s life science software product offering globally and was responsible for thedesign of all life science product initiatives. Mr. Ganjei has published numerous scientific, peerreviewed papers in a number of journals and has been an invitedguest speaker and presenter at various business forums. Mr. Ganjei received his B.S. in Microbiology from the University of Maryland College Park in 1995 andbegan his career at NIH in May of the same year. Mr. Ganjei has significant biotechnology startup experience along with drug manufacturing knowledge which iswhy he was selected as a member of the board.72Scott Juda, has been one of our directors since March 2018. He is the Manager and CoFounder of Fossick Capital, a technology focused hedge fund. From2012 to 2016, Scott was the Chief Executive Officer and CoFounder of The Juda Group, Inc., a division of CCM, an institutional capital markets focused brokerdealer. Scott was at SMH Capital from 2002 until 2011, serving as a Managing Director in the Investment Banking Group as well Chief Operating Officer of The JudaGroup subsidiary. From 2000 to 2002, Mr. Juda was an institutional salestrader for Sutro & Co. From 1997 to 2000, Scott practiced corporate and securities law atBuchalter Nemer LLP. Mr. Juda received his bachelor’s degree from the University of Southern California and his juris doctor from the University of PepperdineSchool of Law. Mr. Juda is a member of the State Bar of California.Edgardo (Ed) Baracchini, has been one of the Company’s directors since August 2019. He is also current a member of the board of directors of 4D PharmaPLC. Prior to providing biotech consulting services since September 2018, Ed was chief business officer of Xencor, Inc., biopharmaceutical company focused onautominnue diseases, asthma and cancer, from 2010 to 2018. From 2002 to 2009, Ed was associated with Metabasis Therapeutics, initially as vice president ofbusiness development, and later as SVP of business development. Ed holds over 25 years of experience in structuring and negotiating research and developmentpartnerships, mergers and acquisitions, and licensing agreements. He has personally, negotiated more than 80 business transactions with multinational and Asianpharmaceutical firms, biotechnology companies, and prominent universities, leading to transactions valued in excess of $5.3 billion. Significant experience in alliancemanagement, strategic planning, and IR/PR. Additionally, have been a key member of executive teams that have raised over $850 million in private and publicfinancing, and that have successfully completed two IPOs. Ed received his MBA from the University of California, Irvine, his PhD in molecular and cell biology fromthe University of Texas at Dallas, and his B.S. in microbiology from the University of Notre Dame.Marcia Allen has been one of the Company’s directors since November 2019. She is the CEO and founder of Allen & Associates. For the past twenty yearsshe has been devoted to venture capital and corporate finance representing both investors and companies, primarily in the small to midcap arena. Her focus hasbeen on building asset value through acquisition and internal growth funded by institutional investment groups. In this capacity, Ms. Allen was a ManagingDirector of Elite Capital, Inc., a Southern California Venture Capital Firm. She has also served as principal at Allen/Brenner, Inc., an Orange County based money andcash management firm. Ms. Allen was responsible for building its portfolio under management to approximately $1.0 billion at which time she divested the clientbase to a major Wall Street investment banking firm. During these years Ms. Allen was a founder and served as CFO and Director of The Movie Group, (“AMX”)the originating company which is today Lionsgate Entertainment (NYSE). She has more than 25 years with mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and CFO andCEO experience. Ms. Allen was a Chief Financial Officer and Corporate Development Officer for W.R. Grace & Co. (NYSE) and was part of the founding group ofRuby Tuesday, Inc., (“NYSE”) a national restaurant chain. She relocated to join Taco Bell, Inc. as the Company's Chief Financial Officer where she structured andfacilitated the acquisition of Taco Bell, Inc. by PepsiCo, Inc. Her expertise in the corporate world comes from both the operational sector and investment arena, whichgives her unique insight and advantage. Ms. Allen received a Bachelors, Finance and Accounting from Haslam College of Business at the University of Tennesseein finance and accounting. She has been a speaker for Strategic Research Institute, Inc. magazine, the National Restaurant Association, the California RestaurantAssociation, the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants and the Los Angeles Venture Association (LAVA). She is active in numerous civic and politicalorganizations and sits on the Board of Directors of several public and private companies and philanthropic organizations. She currently serves as the chairperson ofthe Audit Committee and as an independent director of Ark Restaurants Corp. (NASDAQ), an owner and operator of 20 restaurants and bars, 21 fast food concepts,and catering operations primarily in New York City; Florida; Washington, DC; and Las Vegas, NV.Family RelationshipsNone.73Corporate GovernanceWe are committed to maintaining strong corporate governance practices that benefit the longterm interests of our Shareholders by providing for effectiveoversight and management of the Company. Our governance policies, including our Corporate Communications Policy, Insider Trading Policy, Code of Conduct, andCommittee Charters can be found on our website at http://www.inmunebio.com/.The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee regularly reviews our corporate governance policies, Code of Conduct, and Committee Charters toensure that they take into account developments at the Company, changes in regulations and listing requirements, and the continuing evolution of best practices inthe area of corporate governance.The Board conducts an annual selfevaluation in order to assess whether the directors, the committees, and the Board are functioning effectively.The Board has granted Mark Lowdell and David Moss rights to observe board meetings as long as they each own at least 750,000 shares of the Company’scommon stock.Code of EthicsWe have a Code of Ethics that applies to our principal executive officers and principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or personsperforming similar functions and also to other employees. Our Code of Ethics can be found on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Involvement in Certain Legal ProceedingsExcept as disclosed in the bios above, our Directors and Executive Officers have not been involved in any of the following events during the past ten years:1.any bankruptcy petition filed by or against such person or any business of which such person was a general partner or executive officer either at the timeof the bankruptcy or within two years prior to that time;2.any conviction in a criminal proceeding or being subject to a pending criminal proceeding (excluding traffic violations and other minor offenses);3.being subject to any order, judgment, or decree, not subsequently reversed, suspended or vacated, of any court of competent jurisdiction, permanently ortemporarily enjoining him from or otherwise limiting his involvement in any type of business, securities or banking activities or to be associated with anyperson practicing in banking or securities activities;4.being found by a court of competent jurisdiction in a civil action, the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Commodity Futures Trading Commissionto have violated a federal or state securities or commodities law, and the judgment has not been reversed, suspended, or vacated;5.being subject of, or a party to, any federal or state judicial or administrative order, judgment decree, or finding, not subsequently reversed, suspended orvacated, relating to an alleged violation of any federal or state securities or commodities law or regulation, any law or regulation respecting financialinstitutions or insurance companies, or any law or regulation prohibiting mail or wire fraud or fraud in connection with any business entity; or6.being subject of or party to any sanction or order, not subsequently reversed, suspended, or vacated, of any selfregulatory organization, any registeredentity or any equivalent exchange, association, entity or organization that has disciplinary authority over its members or persons associated with a member.74Board CommitteesOur Board of Directors has established three standing committees: an audit committee, a nominating and corporate governance committee and acompensation committee, which are described below. Members of these committees are elected annually at the regular board meeting held in conjunction with theannual stockholders’ meeting. The charter of each committee is available on our website at www.inmunebio.com.Audit CommitteeThe Audit Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●Appointing, approving the compensation of, overseeing the work of, and assessing the independence, qualifications, and performance of theindependent auditor;●reviewing the internal audit function, including its independence, plans, and budget;●approving, in advance, audit and any permissible nonaudit services performed by our independent auditor;●reviewing our internal controls with the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●reviewing the adequacy of our accounting and financial controls as reported by the independent auditor, the internal auditor, and management;●overseeing our financial compliance system; and●overseeing our major risk exposures regarding the Company’s accounting and financial reporting policies, the activities of our internal audit function,and information technology.The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to audit committeemembers under SEC rules and the NASDAQ Stock Market. The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities ofthe Audit Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined that each member of the Audit Committee is financially literate, and that all members meet thequalifications of an Audit Committee financial expert. The Audit Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Scott Juda is the chairman of theAudit Committee.Compensation CommitteeThe Compensation Committee is responsible for establishing and administering our executive compensation policies. The role of the CompensationCommittee is to (i) formulate, evaluate and approve compensation of the Company’s directors, executive officers and key employees, (ii) oversee all compensationprograms involving the use of the Company’s stock, and (iii) produce, if required under the securities laws, a report on executive compensation for inclusion in theCompany’s proxy statement for its annual meeting of shareholders. The duties and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee under its charter include:●Annually reviewing and setting compensation of executive officers;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors;●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation;●Reviewing competitive practices and trends to determine the adequacy of the executive compensation program;75●Approving and overseeing incentive compensation and equitybased plans for executive officers that are subject to Board approval;●Making recommendations to the Board as to the Company’s compensation philosophy and overseeing the development and implementation ofcompensation programs;●Periodically reviewing and making recommendations to the Board with respect to compensation of nonemployee directors; and●Reviewing and approving corporate goals and objectives relevant to Chief Executive Officer compensation, evaluating the Chief Executive Officer’sperformance in light of those goals and objectives, and setting the Chief Executive Officer’s compensation levels based on this evaluation.When appropriate, the Compensation Committee may, in carrying out its responsibilities, form and delegate authority to subcommittees. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer plays a role in determining the compensation of our other executive officers by evaluating the performance of those executive officers. The Chief ExecutiveOfficer’s evaluations are then reviewed by the Compensation Committee. This process leads to a recommendation for any changes in salary, bonus terms and equityawards, if any, based on performance, which recommendations are then reviewed and approved by the Compensation Committee.The Compensation Committee has the authority, at the Company’s expense, to select, retain, terminate and set the fees and other terms of the Company’srelationship with any outside advisors who assist it in carrying out its responsibilities, including compensation consultants or independent legal counsel.The Board has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Compensation Committee. The Compensation Committeeconsists of Scott Juda, Tim Schroeder and Kelly Ganjei. Tim Schroeder is the chairman of the Compensation Committee. The Board has affirmatively determined thateach member of the Compensation Committee meets the additional independence criteria applicable to compensation committee members under SEC rules and theNASDAQ Stock Market.Nominating and Corporate Governance CommitteeThe Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee, among other things, is responsible for:●reviewing and assessing the development of the executive officers, and considering and making recommendations to the Board regarding promotionand succession issues;●evaluating and reporting to the Board on the performance and effectiveness of the directors, committees, and the Board as a whole;●working with the Board to determine the appropriate and desirable mix of characteristics, skills, expertise, and experience, including diversityconsiderations, for the full Board and each committee;●annually presenting to the Board a list of individuals recommended to be nominated for election to the Board;●reviewing, evaluating, and recommending changes to the Company’s Corporate Governance Policies and Committee Charters;●recommending to the Board individuals to be elected to fill vacancies and newly created directorships;●overseeing the Company’s compliance program, including the Code of Conduct; and●overseeing and evaluating how the Company’s corporate governance and legal and regulatory compliance policies and practices, including leadership,structure, and succession planning, may affect the Company’s major risk exposures.The Board of Directors has adopted a written charter setting forth the authority and responsibilities of the Nominating and Corporate GovernanceCommittee. The Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee consists of Tim Schroeder, Scott Juda and Kelly Ganjei. Kelly Ganjei is the chairman of theNominating and Corporate Governance Committee.Board of Director Meetings and AttendanceOur Board of Directors met in person and telephonically 4 times during 2019 and also approved Board resolutions or acted by unanimous written consent 5times. Each of the thenmembers of our Board of Directors was present at 75% or more of the Board of Directors meetings held in 2019.76Delinquent Section 16(a) ReportsSection 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act requires that our directors and executive officers and persons who beneficially own more than 10% of ourcommon stock (referred to herein as the “reporting persons”) file with the SEC various reports as to their ownership of and activities relating to our common stock.Such reporting persons are required by the SEC regulations to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) reports they file. Based solely upon a review of copies ofSection 16(a) reports and representations received by us from reporting persons, a Form 3 was filed late by Raymond Tesi, David Moss, Mark Lowdell, TimSchroeder, J Kelly Ganjei, David Szymkowski, Scott Juda and Xencor, Inc.ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATIONThe following table sets forth the compensation for our fiscal years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 earned by or awarded to, as applicable, our principalexecutive officer, principal financial officer and our other most highly compensated executive officers as of December 31, 2019 and 2018. In this Annual Report, werefer to such officers as our “Named Executive Officers.”Summary Compensation TableOptionand StockAll OtherSalaryBonusAwardsCompensationName and Principal PositionYear($)($)($) (1) (2)($)Total ($)Raymond J. Tesi2019247,500895,159(3)1,142,659CEO/President/CMO2018120,0002,557,847(4)2,677,847David J. Moss2019247,500895,159(5)1,142,659CFO2018120,0002,557,847(6)2,677,847Mark Lowdell,2019614,521(7)142,810757,331CSO20182,557,847(8)72,0002,629,847(1)The amounts shown in the “Option and Stock Awards” column represent the aggregate grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with ASC 718,not the actual amounts paid to or realized by the Named Executive Officer during 2019 and 2018. ASC 718 fair value amount as of the grant date for stockoptions generally is spread over the number of months of service required for the grant to vest.(2)The fair value of each stock option award is estimated as of the date of grant using the BlackScholes valuation model. Additional information regarding theassumptions used to estimate the fair value of all stock option awards is included in Note 7 to Consolidated Financial Statements.(3)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(4)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Tesi received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(5)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 300,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(6)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Moss received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.(7)On November 25, 2019 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 180,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share.(8)On January 1, 2018 Mr. Lowdell received a grant of an option to purchase up to 400,000 shares of Common Stock at an exercise price of $7.80 per share.77Employment AgreementsThe Company and David Moss have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Mr. Moss is serving as our ChiefFinancial Officer. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Mr. Moss is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that if we raise gross proceeds of at least$5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Mr. Moss’ salary willincrease to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Mr. Moss is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason, (as thoseterms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Mr. Moss worked for uswithout compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreement with we aftercompletion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Mr. Moss’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.The Company and Raymond Tesi, MD, have entered into an employment agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Tesi is serving as ourChief Executive Officer and President. Pursuant to the employment agreement, Dr. Tesi is paid a salary of $120,000 per annum provided that we raise gross proceedsof at least $5,000,000 from an offering then his salary shall increase to $250,000 per annum and if we receive gross proceeds of at least $12,000,000 then Dr. Tesi’ssalary will increase to $350,000. Pursuant to the employment agreement if Dr. Tesi is terminated without cause, or if he terminates his employment for good reason,(as those terms are defined in the employment agreement) we will be required to pay him a lump sum payment equal to one times the period of time Dr. Tesi workedfor the Company without compensation. This period began on September 1, 2015 and runs until the first compensation received under an employment agreementwith we after completion of the public offering. Beginning on November 1, 2019, Dr. Tesi’s salary was increased from $20,833 per month to $25,000 per month.Consulting AgreementThe Company and Mark Lowdell, PhD, have entered into a consulting agreement, dated January 1, 2018, pursuant to which Dr. Lowdell is serving as ourChief Scientific Officer. Dr. Lowdell was paid fees of $142,810 during 2019.Outstanding Equity Awards at Fiscal Year EndThe following table summarizes the total outstanding equity awards as of December 31, 2019, for each Named Executive Officer:Option AwardsStock AwardsNameGrant DateNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)ExercisableNumber ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedOptions (#)UnexercisableEquityIncentive PlanAwards:Number ofSecuritiesUnderlyingUnexercisedUnearnedOptions (#)OptionExercisePrice($)OptionExpirationDateNumber ofShares orUnits ofStock ThatHave NotVested (#)Market Valueof Shares orUnits of StockThat Have NotVested ($)Raymond J. Tesi1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029David J. Moss1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20198,333291,6673.9111/25/2029Mark Lowdell1/01/2018400,0007.8012/31/202711/25/20195,000175,0003.9111/25/202978Director CompensationThe following table sets forth the compensation of our directors for the year ended December 31, 2019, who are not one of our Named Executive Officers:NameYearFees Earned orPaid in CashStockAwardsOptionAwards (a)All OtherCompensationTotalTim Schroeder2019$3,000$ $322,257$ $325,257J. Kelly Ganjei2019$1,500$$322,257$$323,757Edgardo Barracchini2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Scott Juda2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257Marcia Allen2019$3,000$$322,257$$325,257David Szymkowski2019$$$$$(a)This column shows the grant date fair value of awards computed in accordance with stockbased compensation accounting rules Accounting StandardsCodification Topic 718.During 2019, Mr. Schroeder was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Schroeder. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Ganjei was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which3,000 options a month vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr.Ganjei. The Options were granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Dr. Baracchini was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, ofwhich 36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfourmonths until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Dr. Baracchini. The optionswere granted from the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mr. Juda was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which 3,000 options amonth vest until the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mr. Juda. The optionswere granted from our 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.During 2019, Mrs. Allen was granted options to purchase 108,000 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.91 per share, of which36,000 options vest on the first anniversary of the grant date and the remaining 72,000 stock options vest monthly thereafter over the following twentyfour monthsuntil the 108,000 options have vested subject to the conditions set forth in the option agreement between the Corporation and Mrs. Allen. The options were grantedfrom the Company’s 2019 Stock Incentive Plan.79Equity Compensation Plan InformationAdoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive PlanOn September 12, 2019, the shareholders of INmune Bio, Inc. approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2019 Plan”). The purpose of the2019 Plan is to promote the interests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors withappropriate incentives and rewards.The 2019 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2019 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2019 Plan.The 2019 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of2,000,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2019 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2019 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2019 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2019 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2019 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2019 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2019 Plan isscheduled to terminate in 2029.Adoption of INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive PlanOn November 15, 2017, the Board approved the INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (the “2017 Plan”). The purpose of the 2017 Plan is to promote theinterests of the Company and its stockholders by providing (i) officers and employees, (ii) advisors, and (iii) nonemployee directors with appropriate incentives andrewards.The 2017 Plan provides for the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, restricted stock units, other stockbased awards andcashbased awards. The 2017 Plan also provides for the granting of performance stock awards so that the Board may use performance criteria in establishing specifictargets to be attained as a condition to the grant or vesting of awards under the 2017 Plan.The 2017 Plan provides for the grant of stock awards to employees, directors and consultants of the Company and its affiliates covering an aggregate of1,700,000 shares of common stock, subject to adjustments in the event of certain changes to the Company’s capitalization.The common stock subject to the 2017 Plan may be unissued shares or reacquired shares, including shares purchased on the open market. If a stock awardgranted under the 2017 Plan is forfeited, expires or is canceled or settled without issuance of common stock it shall not count against the maximum number of sharesthat may be issued under the 2017 Plan.The Board has broad discretion in making grants under the 2017 Plan and may make grants subject to such terms and conditions as determined by theBoard or a duly appointed committee thereof. Grants under the 2017 Plan will be subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the document making the award,including, without limitation any applicable purchase price and provisions pursuant to which the grant may be forfeited.The Board may terminate or amend the 2017 Plan at any time, except for certain actions that may not be taken without stockholder approval. The 2017 Plan isscheduled to terminate in, 2027.80ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENTThe following table sets forth certain information with respect to the beneficial ownership of our common stock as of March 3, 2020:●each of our current directors and executive officers;●all of our current directors and executive officers as a group; and●each person, or group of affiliated persons, who beneficially owned more than 5% of our common stock.Except as indicated by the footnotes below, we believe, based on information furnished to us, that the persons and entities named in the table below havesole voting and sole investment power with respect to all shares of common stock that they beneficially owned, subject to applicable community property laws.Our calculation of the percentage of beneficial ownership is based on 10,746,948 shares of common stock outstanding as of March 3, 2020. We havedetermined beneficial ownership in accordance with the rules of the SEC, and the information is not necessarily indicative of beneficial ownership for any otherpurpose. Under Rule 13d3 of the Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), a beneficial owner of a security includes any person who, directly orindirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise has or shares: (i) voting power, which includes the power to vote or to directthe voting of shares; and (ii) investment power, which includes the power to dispose or direct the disposition of shares. Certain shares may be deemed to bebeneficially owned by more than one person (if, for example, persons share the power to vote or the power to dispose of the shares). In addition, shares are deemedto be beneficially owned by a person if the person has the right to acquire the shares (for example, upon exercise of an option) within 60 days of the date as of whichthe information is provided. In computing the percentage ownership of any person or persons, the amount of shares outstanding is deemed to include the amount ofshares beneficially owned by such person or persons (and only such person or persons) by reason of these acquisition rights.Name and Address(1)Common StockOwnedNumber ofSharesExercisableWithin 60 DaysPercentage ofCommon StockExecutive Officers and DirectorsRaymond J. Tesi1,540,933441,665(1)(2)18.45%David J. Moss1,223,417441,665(1)(3)15.49%Mark Lowdell1,506,251425,000(1)(4)17.97%Tim Schroeder166,66790,000(5)2.39%J. Kelly Ganjei90,000(6)*%David Szymkowski1,585,00075,000(7)15.45%Scott Juda, JD27,50090,000(10)1.09%Edgardo Baracchini*%Marcia Allen*%Officers and Directors as a group (9 individuals)6,049,7681,653,33071.68%Beneficial owners of more than 5%Linda Powers (8)910,0008.47%Xencor Inc. (9)1,585,00075,00015.45%*Less than 1%.1Except as otherwise indicated, the address of each beneficial owner is INmune Bio Inc., 1200 Prospect Street, Suite 525, La Jolla, CA 92037.812Consists of (i) 1,540,933 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.3Consists of (i) 1,223,417 shares of common stock, and (ii) 441,665 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.4Consists of (i) 1,506,251 shares of common stock, and (ii) 425,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days ofMarch 3, 2020.5The shares of the Company’s common stock are held by CTI Holdings, a company of which Mr. Schroeder is the majority shareholder. Consists of (i) 166,667shares of common stock, and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.6Consists of 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.7The shares of the Company’s common stock and stock options are held by Xencor, Inc. Consists of (i) 1,585,000 shares of common stock held by Xencor, Inc.,and (ii) 75,000 shares that may be acquired by Xencor pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3, 2020.8Linda Powers holds 210,000 shares of the Company’s common stock. Also, Linda Powers has voting and investment control of Toucan Capital Fund III (4800Montgomery Lane, Suite 801, Bethesda, MD 20814) which holds 700,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.9David Szymkowski of Xencor, Inc. and has voting and investment control of the shares common stock and investment control of the stock options held byXencor Inc. 111 W Lemon Avenue, Monrovia, CA 91016.10Consists of (i) 25,000 shares of common stock and (ii) 90,000 shares that may be acquired pursuant to the exercise of stock options within 60 days of March 3,2020.ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCEThe following is a description of the transactions and series of similar transactions, since January 1, 2018, that we were a participant or will be a participant,in which:●transactions in which the amount involved exceeds the lesser of $120,000 or one percent of the average of the smaller reporting company’s total assetsat yearend for the last two completed fiscal years; and●any of our directors, executive officers, holders of more than 5% of our capital stock (which we refer to as “5% stockholders”) or any member of theirimmediate family had or will have a direct or indirect material interest, other than compensation arrangements with directors and executive officers.UCLAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed UCL Consultants Limited (“UCL”) $9,379 and $9,020, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid UCL $349,071 and $238,100, respectively, for medicalresearch performed on behalf of the Company. UCL is a wholly owned subsidiary of the University of London. The Company’s Chief Scientific and ManufacturingOfficer is a professor at the University of London.CTIAt December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed CTI $280,723 and $261,525, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. During theyears ending December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid CTI $1,071,126 and $448,282, respectively, for medical research performed on behalf of the Company. Inaddition, during May 2019, the Company entered into a sublease agreement with CTI for office space. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company paidCTI $49,305 pursuant to its sublease agreement with CTI.82Advent BioservicesAt December, 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company owed Advent Bioservices, Ltd. (“Advent Bioservices”) $0 and $0, respectively, in connection with medical researchperformed on behalf of the Company. During the years ending December, 2019 and 2018, the Company paid Advent Bioservices $0 and $298,230, respectively, formedical research performed on behalf of the Company. Advent Bioservices is owned by a significant shareholder of the Company.Procedures for Approval of Related Party TransactionsRelated party transactions are subject to the advance review and approval of the Audit Committee and/or the full Board of Directors, with advice from outsidecounsel. In its review, the Audit Committee and/or Board is provided with full disclosure of the parties involved in the transaction and considers the relationshipsamongst the parties and members of our Board of Directors and executive officers.ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICESAudit FeesThe aggregate fees billed to us by our principal independent public accountant for services rendered for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, are set forthin the table below:Fee CategoryFor the YearEndedDecember 31,2019For the YearEndedDecember 31,2018Audit fees (1)Marcum LLP$126,850$39,297GBH CPAs PC67,460Auditrelated fees (2)11,900Tax fees17,201All other fees (4)Total fees$144,051$118,657(1)Audit fees consist of fees incurred for professional services rendered for the audit of consolidated financial statements, for reviews of our interim consolidatedfinancial statements included in our quarterly reports on Forms 10Q and for services that are normally provided in connection with statutory or regulatoryfilings or engagements. Includes professional services performed for filing of the Company’s registration statement on Form S1 and for the Company’s equityofferings.(2)Auditrelated fees consist of fees billed for professional services that are reasonably related to the performance of the audit or review of our consolidatedfinancial statements, but are not reported under “Audit fees.”(3)Tax fees consist of fees billed for professional services relating to tax compliance, tax planning, and tax advice.(4)All other fees consist of fees billed for all other services.PreApproval PoliciesOn August 5, 2018, we accepted the resignation of GBH CPAs, PC (“GBH”) and engaged Marcum LLP as its independent registered public accountants. Thischange occurred in connection with GBH, the Company’s prior independent public accountants, resigning as a result of GBH combining its practice with Marcumeffective July 1, 2018. Our board of directors preapproved all services, audit and nonaudit, provided to us by GBH and Marcum LLP for 2019 and 2018.83PART IVItem 15. Exhibits.Exhibit No.Description of Exhibit1.1Form of Placement Agent Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onNovember 20, 2018).1.2Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer’s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)3.1Certificate of Incorporation (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).3.2Bylaws (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).4.1Form of Registrant’s common stock certificate (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with theSEC on September 26, 2018).4.2Form of Placement Agent Common Stock Warrant (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed withthe SEC on September 26, 2018).10.1Form of Subscription Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August30, 2018).10.2License Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.3Assignment and Assumption Agreement with Immune Ventures LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.4Exclusive License Agreement by the University of Pittsburgh of the Common Wealth system of Higher Education and Immune Ventures LLC(Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.5First Amendment to Exclusive License Agreement by and between the University of Pittsburgh of the Commonwealth system of Higher Educationand Immune Ventures, LLC (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30,2018).10.6Joint Development Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Novamune (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.7Material Transfer and License Agreement between Anthony Nolan Cord Blood Bank and Immune Bio International LTD. (Incorporated by referenceto Exhibit 10.7 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.8Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Raymond Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.8 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.9Employment Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and David Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.9 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.10Consulting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.10 to the Registration Statement onForm S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.11INmune Bio, Inc. 2017 Stock Incentive Plan (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.11 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SECon August 30, 2018).10.12Form of Incentive Option Agreement with employees (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.12 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filedwith the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.13Form of Incentive Option Agreement with nonemployee directors (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.13 to the Registration Statement on FormS1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.14Consultant Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Pacific Seaboard Investments Ltd. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.14 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).8410.15License Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.15 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.16Voting Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Xencor, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.16 to the Registration Statement on Form S1filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.17Amendment to the Consultancy Agreement between INMune Bio Inc. and Mark Lowdell (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.17 to theRegistration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018).10.18Form of Lockup Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.18 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC on October29, 2018).10.19First Amendment to Stock Issuance Agreement (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.20 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with theSEC on August 30, 2018).10.20Form of Waiver of Registration Rights. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.21 to the Registration Statement on Form S1/A filed with the SEC onSeptember 26, 2018).10.21Form of Subscription Agreement to be used in connection with the Best Efforts Offering (Incorporated by reference to the Registration Statementon Form S1/A filed with the SEC on September 26, 2018).10.22Award Letter dated as of February 22, 2019 from the Alzheimer s Association to INmune Bio, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to the Current Reporton Form 8K filed with the SEC on February 28, 2019)10.23Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.24Registration Rights Agreement between INmune Bio Inc. and Lincoln Park Capital Fund, LLC, dated May 15, 2019 (Incorporated by reference toExhibit 10.2 to the Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 16, 2019).10.25Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.26Amendment to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and David J. Moss (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to theCurrent Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 17, 2019).10.27Sublease between INmune Bio Inc. and CTIClinical Trial Services, Inc. (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 99.1 to the Current Report on Form 8Kfiled with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.28Amendment No. 2 to Securities Purchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Raymond J. Tesi (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 10.3 tothe Current Report on Form 8K filed with the SEC on May 24, 2019).10.29INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (attached hereto)10.30Common Stock Repurchase Agreement between INmune Bio, Inc. and Linda F. Powers (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 101 to the CurrentReport on Form 8K filed with the SEC on January 27, 2020).21.1Subsidiaries (Incorporated by reference to Exhibit 21.1 to the Registration Statement on Form S1 filed with the SEC on August 30, 2018.31.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 3.02 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.31.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 302 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.1Certification of principal executive officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.32.2Certification of principal financial officer pursuant to Section 906 of the SarbanesOxley Act of 2002.101.INSXBRL Instance Document101.SCHXBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document101.CALXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document101.DEFXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document101.LABXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document101.PREXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase DocumentItem 16.Form 10K SummaryNone.85SIGNATURESPursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf bythe undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.INMUNE BIO INC./s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Dated: March 10, 2020Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Chief Executive Officer(principal executive officer)/s/ David J. MossDated: March 10, 2020David J. MossChief Financial Officer(principal financial and accounting officer)Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and inthe capacities and on the dates indicated.SignatureTitleDate/s/ Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.Raymond J. Tesi, M.D.President, Chief Executive Officer and Director(Principal Executive Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ David J. MossDavid J. MossChief Financial Officer, Treasurer, Secretary(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)March 10, 2020/s/ Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Mark Lowdell, Ph.D.Chief Scientific OfficerMarch 10, 2020/s/ Timothy SchroederTimothy SchroederDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ David SzymkowskiDavid SzymkowskiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ J. Kelly GanjeiJ. Kelly GanjeiDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Scott Juda, JDScott Juda, JDDirectorMarch 10, 2020/s/ Marcia AllenMarcia AllenDirectorMarch 10, 202086EX10.29 2 f10k2019ex1029_inmunebio.htm INMUNE BIO, INC. 2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLANExhibit 10.29INMUNE BIO, INC.2019 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN(effective __, 2019, subject to stockholder approval)1 General1.1 Purpose. The purposes of the INmune Bio, Inc. 2019 Stock Incentive Plan (the “Plan”) is to promote the interests of INmune Bio, Inc. (the “Company”)and the stockholders of the Company by providing (i) executive officers and other employees of the Company and its Subsidiaries (as defined below), (ii) certainadvisors who perform services for the Company and its Subsidiaries and (iii) nonemployee members of the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) withappropriate incentives and rewards to encourage them to enter into and continue in the employ and service of the Company and to acquire a proprietary interest inthe longterm success of the Company, as well as to reward the performance of these individuals in fulfilling their personal responsibilities for longrange and annualachievements. The Plan is intended to be a written compensatory plan within the meaning of Rule 701 promulgated under the Securities Act.1.2 Effective Date and Term. The Plan will become effective upon the date it is approved by the stockholders of the Company (the “Effective Date”). Unlessterminated earlier by the Committee, the Plan will expire on the tenth (10th) anniversary of the Effective Date.1.3 Definitions. Capitalized terms in the Plan, unless defined elsewhere in the Plan, shall be defined as set forth below:162(m) Term. The term “162(m) Term” means the period starting on the date when the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan and ending on thedate of the first meeting of the Company’s stockholders that occurs in the fifth year following the year in which the Company’s stockholders first approve this Plan.Exchange Act. The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, including the rules and regulations promulgatedthereunder and any successor thereto.Affiliated Company. The term “Affiliated Company” means any company, partnership, association, organization or other entity controlled by, controlling orunder common control with the Company.Award. The term “Award” means any award or benefit granted under the Plan, including, without limitation, Options, SARs, Restricted Stock, RestrictedStock Units, Other StockBased Awards and CashBased Awards.Award Agreement. The term “Award Agreement” means a written Award grant agreement under the Plan.Cash Based Award. The term “CashBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(vi) of the Plan that maybe denominated or payable in cash, other than an Award pursuant to which the amount of cash is determined by reference to the value of a specific number ofshares of Stock. For the avoidance of doubt, dividend equivalents constitute CashBased Awards.Change of Control. The term “Change of Control” shall be deemed to occur if and when:(i)any person, including a “person” as such term is used in Section 14(d)(2) of the Exchange Act (a “Person”), is or becomes a beneficial owner (as such termis defined in Rule 13d3 under the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing 50% or more of the combined votingpower of the Company’s then outstanding securities;(ii)individuals who, as of the Effective Date, constitute the Board (the “Incumbent Board”) cease for any reason to constitute at least a majority of the Board;provided, however, that any individual becoming a director subsequent to the Effective Date whose election, or nomination for election by the Company’sstockholders, was approved by a vote of at least a majority of the directors then comprising the Incumbent Board shall be considered as though suchindividual were a member of the Incumbent Board, but excluding for this purpose any such individual whose initial assumption of office occurs as a resultof either an actual or threatened election contest (as such terms are used in Rule 14a11 of Regulation 14A promulgated under the Exchange Act) or otheractual or threatened solicitation of proxies or consents by or on behalf of a Person other than the Board;(iii)all or substantially all of the assets of the Company are sold, transferred or distributed, or the Company is dissolved or liquidated; or(iv)a reorganization, merger, consolidation or other corporate transaction involving the Company (a “Transaction”) is consummated, in each case, with respectto which the stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such Transaction do not, immediately after the Transaction, own more than 50% of thecombined voting power of the Company or other corporation resulting from such Transaction in substantially the same respective proportions as suchstockholders’ ownership of the voting power of the Company immediately before such Transaction.Notwithstanding the foregoing or any other provision of this Plan, the term Change of Control shall not include a sale of assets, merger or other transactioneffected exclusively for the purpose of changing the domicile of the Company.Code. The term “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. A reference to any provision of the Code shall include reference to anysuccessor provision of the Code.Committee. The term “Committee” means the committee of the Board described in Section 2 hereof and any subcommittee established by such Committeepursuant to Section 2.4.Covered Employee. The term “Covered Employee” means an Employee who is, or who is anticipated to become, between the time of grant and payment ofthe Award, a “covered employee,” as such term is defined in Section 162(m)(3) of the Code (or any successor section thereof).Disability. The term “Disability” means “Disability” as defined in any Award Agreement to which the Grantee is a party.Eligible Grantee. The term “Eligible Grantee” shall mean any Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor, as determined by the Committee in its solediscretion.Employee. The term “Employee” means an active employee of the Company or a Subsidiary, but excluding any person who is classified by the Company ora Subsidiary as a “contractor” or “consultant,” no matter how characterized by the Internal Revenue Service, other governmental agency or a court, or any employeewho is not actively employed, as determined by the Committee. Any change of characterization of an individual by the Internal Revenue Service or any court orgovernment agency shall have no effect upon the classification of an individual as an Employee for purposes of this Plan, unless the Committee determinesotherwise.Fair Market Value. For purposes of determining the “Fair Market Value” of a share of Stock as of any date, the “Fair Market Value” as of that date shall be,unless otherwise determined by the Committee, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock on the immediately preceding date on the principalsecurities market in which shares of Stock is then traded; or, if there were no trades on that date, the closing sale price during regular trading hours of the Stock onthe first trading day prior to that date. If the Stock is not publicly traded at the time a determination of Fair Market Value is required to be made hereunder, thedetermination of such amount shall be made by the Committee in such manner as it deems appropriate.Grantee. The term “Grantee” means an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor of the Company or a Subsidiary who has been granted an Awardunder the Plan.ISO. The term “ISO” means any Option intended to be and designated as an incentive stock option within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code.2Key Advisor. The term “Key Advisor” means a consultant or other key advisor who performs services for the Company or a Subsidiary.NonEmployee Director. The term “NonEmployee Director” means a member of the Board who is not an Employee.NQSO. The term “NQSO” means any Option that is not designated as an ISO, or which is designated by the Committee as an ISO but which subsequentlyfails or ceases to qualify as an ISO.Option. The term “Option” means a right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(i), to purchase shares of Stock. An Option may be either an ISOor an NQSO.Other StockBased Award. The term “Other StockBased Award” means a right or other interest granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(v) of thePlan that may be denominated or payable in, valued in whole or in part by reference to, or otherwise based on, or related to, Stock, including but not limited to (i)unrestricted Stock awarded as a bonus or upon the attainment of Performance Goals or otherwise as permitted under the Plan, and (ii) a right granted to an EligibleGrantee to acquire Stock from the Company containing terms and conditions prescribed by the Committee.Performance Goals. The term “Performance Goals” means performance goals based on the attainment by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Companyor any Affiliated Company (or any division or business unit of any such entity), or any two or more of the foregoing, of performance goals preestablished by theCommittee in its sole discretion, based on one or more of the following criteria (if applicable, such criteria shall be determined in accordance with generally acceptedaccounting principles (“GAAP”) or based upon the Company’s GAAP financial statements): (i) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified percentageincrease in, revenues, earnings, income before taxes and extraordinary items, net income, operating income, earnings before income tax, earnings before interest,taxes, depreciation and amortization or a combination of any or all of the foregoing; (ii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertaxor pretax profits including, without limitation, that attributable to continuing and/or other operations; (iii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in, operational cash flow; (iv) the achievement of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives with regard to limiting the level of increase in,all or a portion of, the Company’s bank debt or other longterm or shortterm public or private debt or other similar financial obligations of the Company, which maybe calculated net of such cash balances and/or other offsets and adjustments as may be established by the Committee; (v) earnings per share or the attainment of aspecified percentage increase in earnings per share or earnings per share from continuing operations; (vi) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specifiedincrease in return on capital employed or return on invested capital; (vii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a percentage increase in, aftertax or pretaxreturn on stockholders’ equity; (viii) the attainment of certain target levels of, or a specified increase in, economic value added targets based on a cash flow returnon investment formula; (ix) the attainment of certain target levels in, or specified increases in, the fair market value of the shares of the Company’s common stock; (x)the growth in the value of an investment in the Company’s common stock; (xi) the attainment of a certain level of, reduction of, or other specified objectives withregard to limiting the level in or increase in, all or a portion of controllable expenses or costs or other expenses or costs; (xii) gross or net sales, revenue and growthof sales revenue (either before or after cost of goods, selling and general administrative expenses, research and development expenses and any other expenses orinterest); (xiii) total stockholder return; (xiv) return on assets or net assets; (xv) return on sales; (xvi) operating profit or net operating profit; (xvii) operating margin;(xviii) gross or net profit margin; (xix) cost reductions or savings; (xx) productivity; (xxi) operating efficiency; (xxii) working capital; or (xxiii) market share; (xxiv)customer satisfaction; (xxv) workforce diversity; (xxvi) results of clinical trials; (xxvii) acceptance of a new drug application by a regulatory body; (xxviii) regulatorybody approval for commercialization of a product; (xxix) launch of a new drug; (xxx) completion of outlicensing, inlicensing or disposition of product candidates orother acquisition or disposition projects; and (xxxi) to the extent that an Award is not intended to comply with Section 162(m) of the Code, other measures ofperformance selected by the Board. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2, the Committee in its sole discretion may designate additional business criteria on whichthe Performance Goals may be based or adjust, or modify or amend the aforementioned business criteria. The relative weights of the criteria that comprise thePerformance Goals shall be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In establishing the Performance Goals for a performance period, the Committee mayestablish different Performance Goals for individual Grantees or groups of Grantees. Subject to the limitations in Section 4.2(ix)(d), the Committee in its solediscretion shall have the authority to make equitable adjustments to the Performance Goals in recognition of unusual or nonrecurring events affecting the Companyor any Subsidiary of the Company or any Affiliated Company or the financial statements of the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company or any AffiliatedCompany, in response to changes in applicable laws or regulations, including changes in generally accepted accounting principles or practices, or to account foritems of gain, loss or expense determined to be extraordinary or unusual in nature or infrequent in occurrence or related to the disposal of a segment of a business,as applicable. Performance Goals may include a threshold level of performance below which no Award will be earned, a level of performance at which the targetamount of an Award will be earned and a level of performance at which the maximum amount of the Award will be earned.3Restricted Stock . The term “Restricted Stock” means an Award of shares of Stock to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iii) that may be subject tocertain restrictions and to a risk of forfeiture. Stock issued upon the exercise of Options or SARs is not “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the plan, even if subjectto postissuance transfer restrictions or forfeiture conditions. When Restricted Stock vests, it ceases to be “Restricted Stock” for purposes of the Plan.Restricted Stock Unit. The term “Restricted Stock Unit” means a right granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(iv) to receive Stock or cash at theend of a specified deferral period, which right may be conditioned on the satisfaction of specified performance or other criteria.Retirement. The term “Retirement” means any termination of employment or service as an Employee, NonEmployee Director or Key Advisor as a result ofretirement in good standing under the rules of the Company or a Subsidiary, as applicable, then in effect.Rule 16b3. The term “Rule 16b3” means Rule 16b3, as from time to time in effect promulgated by the Securities and Exchange Commission under Section16 of the Exchange Act, including any successor to such Rule.Securities Act. The term “Securities Act” means the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.Stock. The term “Stock” means shares of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Company.Stock Appreciation Right or SAR. The term “Stock Appreciation Right” or “SAR” means the right, granted to an Eligible Grantee under Section 4.2(ii), tobe paid an amount measured by the appreciation in the Fair Market Value of Stock from the date of grant to the date of exercise of the right.Subsidiary. The term “Subsidiary” means any present or future subsidiary corporation of the Company within the meaning of Section 424(f) of the Code,and any present or future business venture designated by the Committee in which the Company has a significant interest, including, without limitation, anysubsidiary corporation in which the Company has at least a 50% ownership interest, as determined in the discretion of the Committee.2 Administration2.1 Committee. The authority to manage the operation of and administer the Plan shall be vested in a committee (the “Committee”) in accordance with thisSection 2. The Committee shall be selected by the Board, and shall consist solely of two or more members of the Board who are nonemployee directors within themeaning of Rule 16b3 and are outside directors within the meaning of Code Section 162(m). Unless otherwise determined by the Board, the Company’sCompensation Committee shall be designated as the “Committee” hereunder. If the Board, at any time, consists of only one member, such sole member may take allactions granted to the Committee hereunder.2.2 Powers of the Committee. The Committee’s administration of the Plan shall be subject to the following:(i)Subject to the provisions of the Plan, the Committee will have the authority and discretion to select from among the Eligible Grantees those persons whoshall receive Awards, to determine the time or times of receipt, to determine the types of Awards and the number of shares covered by the Awards, and toestablish the terms, conditions, performance criteria, restrictions, and other provisions of such Awards;4(ii)The Committee will have the authority and discretion to interpret the Plan, to establish, amend, and rescind any rules and regulations relating to the Plan, todetermine the terms and provisions of any Award Agreement made pursuant to the Plan, and to make all other determinations that may be necessary oradvisable for the administration of the Plan;(iii)Any interpretation of the Plan by the Committee and any decision made by it under the Plan is final and binding on all persons; and(iv)In managing the operation of and administering the Plan, the Committee shall take action in a manner that conforms to the articles of incorporation and bylaws of the Company, and applicable state corporate law.2.3 Prohibition Against Repricing. Notwithstanding any provision of the Plan to the contrary, in no event shall any action be taken under the Plan thatconstitutes a Repricing of any Option or SAR granted under the Plan, or of any option or stock appreciation right granted under the any other plan of the Companyor of an acquired company, except with approval of the stockholders of the Company.2.4 Delegation of Authority. To the extent not inconsistent with applicable law, the rules of the NASDAQ Stock Market or other provisions of the Plan, theCommittee may, at any time, allocate all or any portion of its responsibilities and powers to any one or more of its members or, with respect to Awards made toEmployees other than executive officers, the Chief Executive Officer, including without limitation, the power to designate Grantees hereunder and determine theamount, timing and terms of Awards hereunder. Any such allocation or delegation may be revoked by the Committee at any time.2.5 Indemnification. Each person who is or shall have been a member of the Committee, or the Board, shall be indemnified and held harmless by theCompany against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting fromany claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken in good faith or failureto act in good faith under the Plan and against and from any and all amounts paid by him or her in settlement thereof, with the Company’s approval, or paid by himor her in satisfaction of any judgment in any such action, suit or proceeding against him or her, provided he or she shall give the Company an opportunity, at its ownexpense, to handle and defend the same before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it on his or her own behalf. The foregoing right of indemnification shall bein addition to any other rights of indemnification or elimination of liability to which such persons may be entitled under the Company’s articles of incorporation orbylaws, as a matter of law, or otherwise, or any power that the Company may have to indemnify them or hold them harmless.3 Available Shares of Stock Under the Plan3.1 Shares Available for Awards. Subject to the adjustments described below, the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awardsunder the Plan shall be 2,000,000. Of the maximum number of shares of Stock reserved for the grant of Awards under the Plan, no more than 1,000,000 of such sharesmay be issued pursuant to stocksettled Awards other than Options (that is, Restricted Stock, Restricted Stock Units, SARs, Performance Awards, Other StockBased Awards and dividend equivalent Awards, in each case to the extent settled in shares of Common Stock).3.2 Forfeited, Cancelled and Expired Awards. Awards granted under the Plan that are forfeited, expire or are canceled or settled without issuance of Stockshall not count against the maximum number of shares that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1 and shall be available for future Awards underthe Plan. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any and all Stock that is (i) withheld or tendered in payment of an Option exercise price; (ii) withheld by the Company tosatisfy any tax withholding obligation; (iii) covered by a SAR (to the extent that it is settled in Stock, without regard to the number of shares of Stock that areactually issued to the Grantee upon exercise); (iv) withheld by the Company to satisfy any debt or other obligation owed to the Company or any Subsidiary, and (v)any fractional shares of Common Stock that are cancelled pursuant to the Plan, shall be considered issued pursuant to the Plan and shall not be added to themaximum number of shares of Stock that may be issued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1.53.3 Adjustments . In the event of any change in the Company’s capital structure, including but not limited to a change in the number of shares of Stockoutstanding, on account of (i) any stock dividend, stock split, reverse stock split or any similar equity restructuring, or (ii) any combination or exchange of equitysecurities, merger, consolidation, recapitalization, reorganization, or divesture or any other similar event affecting the Company’s capital structure, to reflect suchchange in the Company’s capital structure, the Committee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the maximum number of shares of Stock that may beissued under the Plan as set forth in Section 3.1. In the event of any extraordinary dividend, divestiture or other distribution (other than ordinary cash dividends) ofassets to stockholders, or any transaction or event described above, to the extent necessary to prevent the enlargement or diminution of the rights of Grantees, theCommittee shall make appropriate equitable adjustments to the number or kind of shares subject to an outstanding Award, the exercise price applicable to anoutstanding Award, and/or a Performance Goals. Any adjustments under this Section 3.3 shall be consistent with Section 409A or 424 of the Code, to the extentapplicable, and made in a manner that does not adversely affect the exemption provided pursuant to Rule 16b 3 or qualification under Section 162(m) of the Code, tothe extent each may be applicable. The Company shall give each Grantee notice of an adjustment to an Award hereunder and, upon notice, such adjustment shall befinal, binding and conclusive for all purposes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee shall decline to adjust any Award made to a Participant if suchadjustment would violate applicable law.3.4 Fractional Shares. The Company shall not be obligated to issue any fractional shares of Stock in settlement of Awards granted under the Plan. Exceptas otherwise provided in an Award Agreement or determined by the Committee, (i) the total number of shares issuable pursuant to the exercise, vesting or earning ofan Award shall be rounded down to the nearest whole share, and (ii) no fractional shares shall be issued. The Committee may, in its discretion, determine that afractional share shall be settled in cash.4 Awards4.1 General. The term of each Award shall be for such period as may be determined by the Committee, subject to the limitations set forth below. Subject tothe terms of the Plan and any applicable Award Agreement, payments to be made by the Company or any Subsidiary of the Company upon the grant, maturation, orexercise of an Award may be made in such forms as the Committee shall determine at the date of grant or thereafter, including, without limitation, cash, Stock, orother property. In addition to the foregoing, the Committee may impose on any Award or the exercise thereof, at the date of grant, such additional terms andconditions not inconsistent with the provisions of the Plan, including, but not limited to forfeiture and clawback provisions, as the Committee shall determine;provided, however, that any such terms and conditions shall not be inconsistent with Section 409A of the Code.4.2 Types of Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant the Awards described in this Section 4.2, under such terms and conditions as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. Such Awards may be granted with value and payment contingent upon Performance Goals. Each Awardshall be evidenced by an Award Agreement containing such terms and conditions applicable to such Award as the Committee shall determine.(i)Options. The Committee is authorized to grant Options to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Type of Award. The Award Agreement evidencing an Option shall designate the Option as either an ISO or an NQSO, as determined in the discretionof the Committee. At the time of the grant of Options, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of Options that shall lapse,in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at leastone fiscal year.b.Exercise Price. The exercise price of each Option granted under this Section 4.2 shall be established by the Committee or shall be determined by amethod established by the Committee at the time the Option is granted; provided, however, that the exercise price shall not be less than 100% of theFair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of the Award. No dividends or dividend equivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subjectto an Option.6c.Exercise. Upon satisfaction of the applicable conditions relating to vesting and exercisability, as determined by the Committee and set forth in theAward Agreement, and upon provision for the payment in full of the exercise price and applicable taxes due, the Grantee shall be entitled to exercisethe Option and receive the number of shares of Stock issuable in connection with the Option exercise provided, however, that no Option may beexercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except as set forth in Section 4.3, no NQSO granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of(A) the expiration of the NQSO or (B) unless otherwise provided by the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of anNQSO holder’s employment or service with the Company or any Subsidiary. The shares issued in connection with the Option exercise may be subjectto such conditions and restrictions as the Committee may determine, from time to time. An Option may be exercised by any method as may bepermitted by the Committee from time to time, including but not limited to any “net exercise” or other “cashless” exercise method.d.Restrictions Relating to ISOs. In addition to being subject to the terms and conditions of this Section 4.2(i), ISOs shall comply with all otherrequirements under Section 422 of the Code. Accordingly, ISOs may be granted only to Eligible Grantees who are employees (as described in TreasuryRegulation Section 1.4217(h)) of the Company or of any “Parent Corporation” (as defined in Code Section 424(e)) or of any “Subsidiary Corporation”(as defined in Code Section 424(f)) on the date of grant. The aggregate Fair Market Value (determined as of the time the ISO is granted) of the Stockwith respect to which ISOs (under all option plans of the Company and of any Parent Corporation and of any Subsidiary Corporation) are exercisablefor the first time by an Eligible Grantee during any calendar year shall not exceed $100,000. ISOs shall not be transferable by the Eligible Granteeotherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution and shall be exercisable, during the Eligible Grantee’s lifetime, only by such EligibleGrantee. The Committee shall not grant ISOs to any Employee who, at the time the ISO is granted, owns stock possessing (after the application of theattribution rules of Section 424(d) of the Code) more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting stock of the Company or of any ParentCorporation or of any Subsidiary Corporation, unless the exercise price of the ISO is fixed at not less than one hundred and ten percent (110%) of theFair Market Value of a share of Common Stock on the date of grant and the exercise of such ISO is prohibited by its terms after the fifth (5th)anniversary of the ISO’s date of grant. In addition, no ISO shall be issued to an Eligible Grantee in tandem with a NQSO issued to such Eligible Granteein accordance with Treasury Regulation Section 14a.422A1, Q/A39.(ii)SARs. The Committee is authorized to grant SARs to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.In General. SARs may be granted independently or in tandem with an Option at the time of grant of the related Option. An SAR granted in tandem withan Option shall be exercisable only to the extent the underlying Option is exercisable. Payment of an SAR may be made in cash, Stock, or acombination of the foregoing, as specified in the Award Agreement or determined in the sole discretion of the Committee. At the time of the grant ofSARs, the Committee may place restrictions on the exercisability or vesting of SARs that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment ofPerformance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year.b.Term and Exercisability of SARs. SARs shall be exercisable over the exercise period at such times and upon such conditions as the Committee maydetermine, as reflected in the Award Agreement; provided, however, that no SAR may be exercised more than ten years after its grant date. Except asset forth in Section 4.3, no SAR granted hereunder may be exercised after the earlier of (A) the expiration of the SAR or (B) unless otherwise providedby the Committee in an Award Agreement, ninety days after the severance of an SAR holder’s employment or service with the Company or anySubsidiary.c.Payment. An SAR shall confer on the Grantee a right to receive an amount with respect to each share of Stock subject thereto, upon exercise thereof,equal to the excess of (A) the Fair Market Value of one share of Stock on the date of exercise over (B) the grant price of the SAR (which in the case ofan SAR granted in tandem with an Option shall be equal to the exercise price of the underlying Option, and which in the case of any other SAR shallbe such price as the Committee may determine but in no event shall be less than the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on the date of grant of suchSAR). An SAR may be exercised by giving written notice of such exercise to the Committee or its designated agent. No dividends or dividendequivalents will be paid on shares of Stock subject to an SAR.7(iii)Restricted Stock. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock to Grantees on the following terms and conditions:a.Issuance and Restrictions. Restricted Stock shall be subject to such restrictions on transferability and other restrictions, if any, as the Committee mayimpose at the date of grant, which restrictions may lapse separately or in combination at such times, under such circumstances, in such installments, orotherwise, as the Committee may determine. The Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock that shall lapse, in whole or in part, upon theattainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of at least one fiscal year. Except to theextent restricted under the Award Agreement relating to the Restricted Stock, a Grantee granted Restricted Stock shall have all of the rights of astockholder including, without limitation, the right to vote Restricted Stock and the right to receive dividends thereon.b.Certificates for Stock. Restricted Stock granted under the Plan may be evidenced in such manner as the Committee shall determine. If certificatesrepresenting Restricted Stock are registered in the name of the Grantee, such certificates shall bear an appropriate legend referring to the terms,conditions, and restrictions applicable to such Restricted Stock, and the Company may retain physical possession of the certificate.c.Dividends. Except to the extent restricted under the applicable Award Agreement, cash dividends paid on Restricted Stock shall be paid at thedividend payment date subject to no restriction. Unless otherwise determined by the Committee, Stock distributed in connection with a stock split orstock dividend shall be subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks and vesting conditions to the same extent as the Restricted Stock withrespect to which such Stock or other property has been distributed. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Committee may not provide for the currentpayment of dividends for Restricted Stock subject to Performance Goals; for such Awards, dividends may accrue but shall not be payable unless anduntil the Award vests upon satisfaction of the applicable Performance Goals and all other applicable conditions to vesting.(iv)Restricted Stock Units. The Committee is authorized to grant Restricted Stock Units to Grantees, subject to the following terms and conditions:a.Conditions to Vesting. At the time of the grant of Restricted Stock Units, the Committee may place restrictions on Restricted Stock Units that shalllapse, in whole or in part, upon the attainment of Performance Goals; provided that such Performance Goals shall relate to periods of performance of atleast one fiscal year.b.Benefit Upon Vesting. Unless otherwise provided in an Award Agreement, upon the vesting of a Restricted Stock Unit, there shall be delivered to theGrantee, within 30 days of the date on which such Award (or any portion thereof) vests, the number of shares of Stock equal to the number ofRestricted Stock Units becoming so vested.c.Dividend Equivalents. To the extent provided in an Award Agreement, subject to the requirements of Section 409A of the Code, an Award ofRestricted Stock Units may provide the Grantee with the right to receive dividend equivalent payments with respect to Stock subject to the Award(both before and after the Stock subject to the Award is earned, vested, or acquired), which payments may be either made currently or credited to anaccount for the Grantee, and may be settled in cash or Stock, as determined by the Committee. Any such settlements and any such crediting ofdividend equivalents may, at the time of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, be made subject to the transfer restrictions, forfeiture risks, vesting andconditions of the Restricted Stock Units and subject to such other conditions, restrictions and contingencies as the Committee shall establish at thetime of grant of the Restricted Stock Unit, including the reinvestment of such credited amounts in Stock equivalents, provided that all such conditions,restrictions and contingencies shall comply with the requirements of Section 409A of the Code. Notwithstanding the foregoing in this Section 4.2(iv)(c), dividend equivalents may accrue on unearned Restricted Stock Units subject to Performance Goals but shall not be payable unless and until theapplicable Performance Goals are met and certified.8(v)Other StockBased Awards. The Committee is authorized to grant Awards to Grantees in the form of Other StockBased Awards, as deemed by theCommittee to be consistent with the purposes of the Plan. At the time of the grant of Other StockBased Awards, the Committee may place restrictions onthe payout or ve