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Integrated Diagnostics Holdings

idhc · LSE Healthcare
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FY2016 Annual Report · Integrated Diagnostics Holdings
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Annual Report 2016

The largest 
fully-integrated 
diagnostics 
provider in 
Egypt

Contents

Strategic Report  

02
IDH at a Glance                                                                      04
2016 Highlights                                                                      06
A Note from Our Chairman                                                      10
A Note from Our CEO                                                              12
Egypt – Our Principal Market                                                   16
IDH’s Competitive Strengths & Business Model                         18
Our Market                                                                             20
Our Business Model                                                                22
Internationally Accredited Test Portfolio                                    24
Growth  Strategy                                                                     26
Principal Risks, Uncertainties and Their Mitigation                     28
Financial Review                                                                     34

Corporate Responsibility  
Corporate Governance  

40
42
Board of Directors                                                                   44
Corporate Governance  Report                                                 46
Audit Committee  Report                                                         54
Remuneration Committee  Report                                            58
Directors’  Report                                                                   60

Financial Statements    

64

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic 
Report

IDH is the largest fully-
integrated diagnostics 
provider in Egypt, with 
more than a 50% share 
by revenue of the private 
chain market segment. 

2

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

3

Strategic Report

IDH  
at a Glance

Integrated  Diagnostics  Holdings  (IDH,  the  Group, 
or  the  Company)  is  the  largest  fully-integrated 
private  sector  provider  of  diagnostics  services  in 
Egypt,  where  the  Group  can  trace  its  history  back 
38  years.  A  long  track  record  for  quality  and  safety 
has  earned  the  Company  a  trusted  reputation,  as 
well  as  internationally  recognised  accreditations 
for its portfolio of over 1,000 diagnostics tests. From 
its base of 354 branches in Egypt, Sudan and Jordan 
as of 31 December 2016, the Group will continue to 
add  laboratories  through  a  Hub,  Spoke  and  Spike 
business  model  that  provides  a  scalable  platform 
for  efficient  expansion  and  can  be  replicated  to 
capitalise on future growth opportunities in markets 
beyond those in which IDH currently operates, such 
as    high-growth  markets  in  Africa  and  the  Middle 
East. The Group has been a Jersey-registered entity 
with a Standard Listing on the Main Market of the 
London Stock Exchange since May 2015.

+ 38 years

track record at the subsidiary level

354

operational branch labs as at  
31 December 2016

5

key brands with strong awareness 
in underserved markets

24 mn

tests completed in 2016

eGp 1,171 mn

in revenue in 2016, up 15% on 2015

1,000 +

internationally accredited diagnostic 
tests offered

5.8 mn

patients served in 2016

44 %

eBItDa margin in 2016

Dividend
of 14 uS cents per share (vs. 6 uS 
cents in 2015)

4

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

5

Strategic Report

2016  
Highlights

Revenues
up 15% in 2016 to EGP 1,171 million, driven largely by bet-
ter pricing as well as the impact of volume and the foreign 
currency  translation  of  results  from  IDH’s  Sudanese  and 
Jordanian subsidiaries into Egyptian pounds.

Gross profit
increased 15% period-on-period to EGP 628 million on the 
back  of  strong  cost  discipline  despite  macro-economic 
headwinds including a high-inflation environment.

Net profit
of EGP 267 million, up from EGP 155 million in 2015.

EBITDA 
of EGP 511 million, up from EGP 304 million in 2015.

Operating profit 
of EGP 466 million compared with EGP 267 million in 2015. 
The  comparative  figure  for  last  year  reflects  the  impact 
of fees associated with IDH’s initial public offering on the 
London  Stock  Exchange  of  EGP  125  million  as  well  other 
non-recurring expenses of EGP 6.0 million.

Net foreign exchange loss 
amounted to EGP 89 million compared with a net forex gain 
of EGP 3.5 million in 2015.

Recommended final dividend 
of US$ 0.14 ( fourteen US cents) per share, equivalent to US$ 
21  million  in  total  compared  with  US$  0.06  (six  US  cents) 
per share, equivalent to US$ 9 million in total in 2015.

Earnings per Share 
of EGP 1.74, up from EGP 0.97 in 2015.

Expansion of branch footprint 
to 354 in 2016, up from 314 branches in 2015.

Our Brands
IDH’s core brands include Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar in Egypt, as well as Biolab 
in Jordan and Ultralab and Al Mokhtabar Sudan in Sudan.

Egypt  is  IDH’s  principal  market,  where  we  operate  primarily  through  our 
Al  Borg  and  Al  Mokhtabar  businesses,  each  of  which  is  a  well-known  and 
market-leading brand with a loyal following. Together, our Egyptian brands 
accounted for 87% of IDH’s revenue in the year ended 31 December 2016. 

Our Services
Through our Al Borg, Al Mokhtabar, Biolab, Ultralab and Al Mokhtabar Sudan 
brands,  IDH  offers  more  than  1,000  diagnostic  tests,  ranging  from  basic  tests, 
such as glucose testing for diabetes, to molecular tests for hepatitis and highly-
specialised DNA tests.

Immunology

Radiology

Hematology

Endocrinology

Clinical Chemistry

Molecular Biology

CytogenEtics

Hatopathology

Microbiology

6

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

7

Strategic Report

FINANCIAl & OpERATIONAl 
pERFORMANCE

Indicator

Units

2016

2015

Operational

Number of Tests

million

24.1

23.8

Number of Patients

million

Number of Labs

Tests per Patient

Financial

Revenue

Per Patient

Per Test

Per Lab

EBITDA*

Net Profit

#

#

EGP 
million

EGP

EGP

EGP 
million

EGP 
million

EGP 
million

5.8

354

5.8

314

4.15

4.11

1,171

1,015

201

48.6

3.3

511

267

175

42.6

3.5

304

155

Earnings per share 

EGP

1.74

 0.97

* 

 EBITDA is calculated as operating profit plus depreciation and amortisation. EBITDA for 2015 

reflects the impact of fees associated with IDH’s initial public offering on the London Stock 

Exchange of EGP 125 million as well other non-recurring expenses of EGP 6.0 million.

Revenue by Geography 2016 and 2015

% of total revenue 
in 2016

Egypt

Jordan

Sudan

2016

2015

87% 90%

10%

3%

7%

3%

% of total revenue 
in 2015

REvENUE By TypE IN 2016 AND 2015

% of total revenue 
in 2016

2016

2015

Walk in

39% 39%

Contract

61% 61%

% of total revenue 
in 2015

8

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

9

Strategic Report

A Note  
from Our Chairman

Despite  the  strong  macro-economic  headwinds  faced  by 
Egypt, I am pleased to report that your Company delivered 
resilient operating results for 2016.

Our  ability  to  continue  to  show  resilient  performance  de-
spite the currency crisis of 2016 (with a wide gulf between 
official and parallel market prices of foreign exchange, cul-
minating in a free-float of the Egyptian pound in November 
that saw the currently lose more than 50% of its value) and 
continued high-inflation environment is testament to our 
established,  trusted  brands;  internationally  accredited 
laboratories;  scalable  business  model;  and  wide-reaching 
branch network.

I  am  now  significantly  more  optimistic  on  the  political 
and  economic  future  of  Egypt.  The  country  is  now  better 
positioned to make progress in stabilising the currency and 
accelerating economic growth following the recent much-
needed fiscal and monetary reforms and the US$ 12 billion 
International Monetary Fund (IMF) extended fund facility. 
This  was  most  recently  underscored  by  the  government’s 
success with its oversubscribed US$ 4 billion Eurobond of-
fering in the early weeks of 2017.

Whilst our commanding brand position in Egypt offers fur-
ther opportunities to both expand and extend our business 
in that nation, with our LSE listing — and with the success 
of  our  stable  and  proven  diagnostics  services  platform  — 
we are looking to expand our geographic reach, particularly 
in other high-growth markets in Africa and the Middle East. 
We  are  acutely  cognisant  that  improving  and  sustaining 
execution  requires  the  ongoing  enhancement  of  human 
capital.  To  this  end,  the  senior  management  team  led  by 
our  Chief  Executive  Dr.  Hend  El  Sherbini,  whose  accom-
plishments and vision continue to underpin the Company’s 
progress, will be enhanced with additional senior appoint-
ments to support the Company’s growing footprint. 

Your  Board  and  management  are  committed  to  meeting 
shareholder expectations, and we are also very cognisant of 
our responsibilities regarding accountability, transparency 
and good governance. 

Our  mission  is  to  continue  to  deliver  sustainable  growth 
with  additional  value-added  services  in  existing  jurisdic-
tions  while  actively  pursuing  value-accretive  acquisitions 
in  new  geographies  that  will  realise  the  Company's  full 
potential as a regional success story.

Lord St John of Bletso
Chairman
21 March 2017

10

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

11

Strategic Report

A Note  
from Our CEO

Fellow shareholders,

2016 demonstrated our Company’s fundamental ability to 
deliver a strong operating performance in a year character-
ised  by  extraordinary  macro-economic  headwinds  in  our 
principal market. In Egypt, where we generated 87% of our 
2016 revenues, the primary factor in our business environ-
ment was the build-up to the devaluation of the Egyptian 
pound.  This  came  to  a  head  in  early  November  when  the 
Central Bank of Egypt allowed the interbank market to set 
the  value  of  the  pound  relative  to  key  foreign  currencies. 
This was followed days later by the International Monetary 
Fund’s (IMF) approval of a three-year, US$ 12 billion extend-
ed  fund  facility  that  underpinned  the  strong  government 
commitment to an ambitious package of economic reform. 

In the months prior to the devaluation, a parallel exchange 
rate had opened up; confidence and investment fell, and 
there was mounting inflationary pressure on consumers. 
The  devaluation,  whilst  representing  a  major  economic 
dislocation  that  heralded  what  is  expected  to  be  a  tran-
sient  period  of  rising  inflation,  has  reset  the  economy 
and  is  leading  to  a  resumption  of  investments  and  more 
optimistic outlook.

In absolute terms, the Egyptian pound accordingly lost 56% 
of its value in 2016 ( from an official value of EGP 7.83 : US$  
1 on 1 January 2016 to EGP 18.00 per US$ 1 on 31 December 
2016),  pressuring  inflation  to  a  seven-year  high  of  23%  at 
year end. By January 2017, headline inflation stood at 28%, 
with inflation in healthcare running at 33%. 

Our  response  to  these  economic  forces  in  2017  —  as  last 
year — will be enabled by the fundamental strength of our 
brands as well as our scalable, asset-light business model. 
We  will  continue  to  leverage  our  unequalled  network  of 
branches (which provides us with the widest reach of any 
provider  of  diagnostic  services  in  the  Egyptian  market) 
and  our  long-standing  relationships  with  leading  equip-
ment and kit providers for whom we are key partners on a 
regional basis. 

Together with our strong marketing infrastructure target-
ing patients and physicians alike, this will provide us with 
an  opportunity  to  enhance  our  market  share  in  Egypt 
in  2017  as  smaller  laboratories  and  chains  lacking  our 

financial resources and assets struggle to keep pace with a 
challenging environment. 

Our revenues increased 15% period-on-period to EGP 1,171 
million in 2016, underpinned by our strong brands, which 
over  the  past  38  years  have  come  to  be  synonymous  with 
quality and safety. We were able to raise prices selectively to 
achieve top-line growth, driving our key metrics of average 
revenue-per-patient up 15% and our average revenue-per-
test 14% higher.

While the total number of patients we served in 2016 was 
approximately the same as a year earlier, we saw a contin-
ued  shift  in  our  mix  of  walk-in  versus  corporate  contract 
patients. Individuals paying for their own healthcare have 
been  cutting  back  on  their  spending  in  reaction  to  high 
inflation and economic uncertainty. Thus, whilst corporate 
patient  volumes  were  nominally  higher,  walk-in  patient 
volumes declined slightly. Our business has benefited from 
the rising numbers of patients covered by corporate health-
care  agreements,  a  counterbalancing  trend  we  expect  to 
continue  in  2017.  In  parallel,  we  will  continue  to  deliver 
targeted  marketing  campaigns  to  capture  higher-margin 
walk-in traffic.

pressure  on  operating  margins.  Our  ability  to  keep  the 
costs of our materials in check reflects both the strength 
of our supplier relationships and the significant volumes 
we  regularly  purchase  from  them.  While  we  successfully 
renegotiated key supplier contracts in early 2017, further 
volatility in the foreign exchange rate may lead to discus-
sions on price at some point during the year.

Our  geographic  footprint  grew  13%  in  2016  to  354 
branches in total at year end. We opened 39 new units in 
Egypt and three in Jordan, while we closed two in Sudan. 
The investment in our state-of-the-art central Mega Lab, 
which  when  inaugurated  in  2015  doubled  our  capacity, 
continued  to  pay  off,  enabling  us  to  further  deploy  our 
Hub, Spoke and Spike business model at a comparatively 
low capital cost.

To support all of our future growth plans, our Company will 
be consolidating our current corporate offices in downtown 
Cairo into a new headquarters. In 2017, we are planning to 
acquire a building in Smart Village, a corporate office park 
in the city of 6th of October, located slightly west of Cairo, 
that  will  provide  sufficient  space  for  headquarters  and 
central staff.

This  shift  from  higher-margin  walk-ins  to  lower-margin 
corporate clients is a short-term challenge, but we believe 
it will ultimately accrue to IDH’s benefit. Average revenue 
per  test  may  decline  in  the  short  term,  but  the  long-term 
restructuring of the market in favour of corporate-led con-
tracts benefits large, multi-branch players with the broad-
est  footprints,  most-trusted  brands  and  lower  cost  driven 
by economies of scale.

proposed Dividend and Dividend policy
We are pleased to propose paying a final dividend of US$ 
0.14  ( fourteen  US  cents  per  share),  or  US$  21  million  in 
aggregate, to shareholders in respect of the financial year 
ended  31  December  2016.  This  represents  an  increase  of 
more than 100% compared to a final dividend of US$ 0.06 
(six US cents per share) or US$ 9.0 million in aggregate the 
previous financial year. 

Management  took  important  proactive  steps  in  2016  to 
insulate the Company as much as possible from the nega-
tive  impact  of  the  currency  devaluation  and  associated 
inflationary  pressure.  To  spur  sales  throughout  the  year, 
our advertising and marketing teams launched preventive 
healthcare campaigns to encourage doctors to promote — 
and patients to take advantage of — recurring diagnostic 
packages for lifestyle-related diseases and chronic health 
conditions.  We  also  engaged  with  our  key  suppliers  to 
negotiate more moderate price increases to mitigate the 

In view of the strong cash-generative nature of our busi-
ness and its asset-light strategy, our dividend policy is to 
return  to  shareholders  the  maximum  amount  of  excess 
cash  after  taking  careful  account  of  the  cash  needed  to 
support  operations,  capital  expenditure  plans,  organic 
expansion opportunities, and potential acquisitions. 

A  proactive  approach  to  cash  management  has  enabled 
IDH to convert the Egyptian pound-denominated earnings 
into US$. 

our response to these economic forces 
in 2017 — as last year — will be 
enabled by the fundamental strength 
of our brands as well as our scalable, 
asset-light business model.

12

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

13

Strategic Report

outlook
We are optimistic that 2017 will see the beginning of improve-
ment  in  macro-economic  conditions  in  Egypt.  While  the 
negative  impact  of  currency  devaluation  and  inflation  have 
challenged  the  counter-cyclicality  of  the  healthcare  system 
in 2016, strong fundamentals continue to support a positive 
outlook  for  growth  in  diagnostics  services  in  Egypt.  With 
more people than any other country in the region at c. 92 mil-
lion, Egypt hosts a large and growing number of the elderly, 
a  significant  segment  of  the  Egyptian  diagnostics  industry. 
The Egyptian population is also marked by low awareness of 
health issues, a high prevalence of diseases requiring high test 
volumes, and most labs are still concentrated in big cities. Fi-
nally, the rapid pace of population growth and a large cohort 
of individuals entering the workforce over the coming decade 
all speak to continued demand for healthcare services.

In Egypt, our focus in 2017 will be on broadening our base of 
patients  and  increasing  our  revenues  per  patient  through 
educational and scientific marketing messages that stress the 
quality and safety of our brands. Our Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar 
brands are recognised and trusted, with a loyal following, and 
together accounted for 87% of IDH’s revenue in 2016. We also 
see ample room to increase accessibility to laboratory services 
by opening more branch labs around the country. The strength 
of  our  brands  would  also  support  expansion  into  adjacent 
healthcare verticals. Our sights are set on complementary di-
agnostic services that in combination would raise IDH’s profile 
to that of a “one-stop-shop” diagnostics provider.

We are also mindful of the opportunity to make acquisitions 
outside Egypt in Africa and the Middle East, where our busi-
ness  model  is  well-suited  to  capitalise  on  similar  healthcare 
and consumer trends and capture a significant share of frag-
mented markets. We are as keen as ever to build the Company 
through focused acquisitions, but at the same time mindful of 
finding the right balance of timing and strategic fit that would 
maximise shareholder value over the long term. 

We  do  expect  macro-economic  challenges  to  persist  in  the 
coming  year,  in  particular  inflationary  pressures  on  our  op-
erating margins. Inflation will have a negative impact on the 
spending  habits  of  our  patients;  our  ability  to  pass  on  some 
price increases; and the positive impact from our targeted mar-
keting campaigns. Based on our assessment of the operating 
environment as we begin the new year, we would guide inves-
tors to expect that although we believe a double-digit increase 
in revenues is achievable, our EBITDA margin could be in the 
range of 40-43%, only marginally down from last year’s 44%.

I remain optimistic about IDH's growth prospects in Egypt and 
beyond, and look forward to updating you on our progress on 
all fronts in the coming year. I am honoured to have you on this 
journey with us.

Dr. Hend El-Sherbini
Chief executive officer
21 March 2017

14

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

15

Strategic Report
Strategic Report

Egypt – Our 
Principal Market

The  Egyptian  diagnostics  industry  can  be  broadly 
divided  into  public  and  private  sector  infrastructure, 
with  the  latter  including  both  labs  attached  to  private 
hospitals and independent standalone labs (chains and 
single  labs).  IDH  is  the  largest  fully-integrated  private 
sector diagnostics service provider, with more than 50% 
share by revenue of the private chain market. 

While  the  counter-cyclicality  of  the  healthcare 
system in Egypt has been challenged by currency de-
valuation  and  inflation  in  2016,  powerful  structural 
growth drivers continue to support future growth in 
diagnostic services:   

•	 With more than 92 million people, Egypt is the most 
populous country in the MENA region; in terms of 
demographics,  it  hosts  a  growing  population  of 
elderly people. 

•	 The population is marked by a high disease burden, 
with  high  prevalence  of  both  communicable  and 
non-communicable diseases; tropical diseases; and 
lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes.

•	 There is a rising prevalence of diseases command-
ing  high  test  volumes,  indicating  an  expanding 
need gap compared with more developed markets.
•	 There is ample opportunity to increase the usage of 
laboratory diagnostics as a tool in clinical practice, 
the  awareness  of  which  will  be  raised  with  higher 
penetration of health insurance and improved cog-
nisance of preventive healthcare.

•	 Most  labs  in  Egypt  are  still  concentrated  in  big 
cities;  there  is  a  still  substantial  room  to  increase 
accessibility  to  lab  services  by  adding  branches  in 
all of the country’s 27 governorates for greater cov-
erage of the population.

•	 The  corporate  market  is  emerging  as  a  driver 
for  diagnostic  services,  as  more  companies  offer 
healthcare coverage to their employees.

IDH is in a strong competitive position in the Egyptian 
diagnostic industry, having created formidable barriers 
to  entry  with  its  38-year  track  record,  trusted  brands, 
scalable business model and network of 354 branch labs:
•	 IDH’s  accreditations,  which  underscore  its  high-
quality  testing  capabilities,  are  key  to  attracting 
patients. IDH’s now decommissioned A labs pos-
sessed accreditation from the College of American 
Pathologists (CAP), underscoring its high-quality 
testing capabilities to attract contract clients. The 
Group  is  now  pursuing  CAP  accreditation  of  its 
Mega Lab and expects this process to be complete 
in 2017.

•	 IDH’s long-established brands have trusted reputa-
tions that have engendered strong patient loyalty. 
•	 With  a  wide  geographic  presence,  IDH  is  well  po-
sitioned  to  cater  to  the  fragmented  nature  of  the 
regional market. 

•	 IDH has a strong relationship with key stakeholders 

such as physicians, patients and hospitals.

16

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

17

Strategic Report

IDH’s Competitive  
Strengths & Business Model

IDH’s  competitive  strengths  have  positioned  it  well  for 
future organic growth within the diagnostic industry, as 
well  as  set  the  stage  for  value-accreting  acquisitions  in 

new  geographies  and  in  complementary  services  that 
could raise the Group’s profile as a “one-stop shop” diag-
nostics provider.

Exposure to 
resilient markets

Established 
business 
model

Experienced, 
entrepreneurial 
management

IDH’s markets are characterised as having strong structural growth drivers and an 
underserved diagnostic services demand. The Group has been able to demonstrate 
growth  based  on  strong  underlying  industry  fundamentals  despite  political  and 
economic turmoil in recent years. Barriers to entry are high, which the Group has 
been able to surmount with established strong brands, internationally accredited 
laboratories, a scalable business model and a wide geographic reach.  

IDH’s Hub, Spoke and Spike business model provides the Group with an efficient 
low-capital intensive platform for organic expansion over a wide geographic area. 
It enhances the consistency of safety and testing procedures as more tests are con-
ducted through its centralised Mega Lab with modern, high-capacity equipment 
and significant throughput.

The Group has a highly experienced management team with decades of experience 
in the healthcare sector. Furthermore, IDH’s world-class Board of Directors brings 
years of healthcare, MENA region and investment experience to the table.

Strong, unlevered 
balance sheet and cash 
generation capacity

IDH has enjoyed a strong track record of profitable growth, even under adverse macro-
economic conditions. This was demonstrated again in 2016, when against the back-
drop of currency devaluation and associated high inflation, the Group produced an 
EBITDA margin of 44%. In parallel, the Company’s asset-light business model notably 
translates into minimal borrowings while allowing for significant strategic flexibility.

Substantial opportunities 
to expand into new 
geographies, as well 
as adjacent diagnostic 
categories

The Group continues to explore opportunities to expand into new high-growth 
markets in Africa and the Middle East as well as adjacent verticals, where com-
plementary diagnostic services could in combination raise IDH’s profile to that 
of a “one-stop-shop” diagnostics provider.

BARRIERS TO ENTRy

Accreditation of Facilities
Attracting contract clients requires 
accredited, high-quality testing 
capabilities.

Brand & Reputation
Patients are loyal to leading brands 
with a strong track record.

Market Reach
Fragmented market necessitates a 
wide geographic presence to allow for 
broad customer reach.

Relationship with Key Stakeholders
Building  a  scalable  platform  requires 
strong  relationship  with  stakehold-
ers  such  as  physicians,  patients  and 
hospitals.

18

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

19

Strategic Report

Our  
Market

The mechanics of the Egyptian healthcare market are mark-
edly different from those in many Western healthcare sectors. 
Publicly funded and private healthcare systems exist in paral-
lel,  and  in  the  private  market  served  by  IDH,  patients  have 
substantially more freedom to make healthcare decisions than 
do their counterparts in more institutionalised markets.

General  practitioners  (also  referred  to  as  family  medicine 
practitioners  or  primary  care  specialists)  are  rare  in  Egypt 
and accordingly not the gatekeepers through which patients 
access primary or specialist care. Patients seeking treatment 
may accordingly elect to obtain initial care by (a) attending a 
hospital outpatient clinic or emergency room; (b) attending 
a polyclinic; or (c) directly seeking the services of a specialist 
physician. The patient’s choice may be influenced by whether 
or not the patient has employer-provided health insurance 
or a corporate arrangement with a specific provider.

Physicians  ordering  diagnostic  procedures  to  be  completed 
outside  a  hospital  setting  may  recommend  that  the  patient 
complete these tests at a specific service provider, but patients 
enjoy  a  high  degree  of  freedom  in  choosing  the  service  pro-
vider they attend based on perceived quality and pricing or on 
insurance  or  corporate  arrangements.  Walk-in  patients  (also 
referred to as “self-payers”) pay out of pocket in advance of the 
tests being completed.

Patients then typically obtain test results in person (often 
with  an  accompanying  report  from  a  pathologist,  ge-
neticist, radiologist or other specialist) and return with the 
results to the physician who requested the tests in the first 
instance. It is noteworthy that IDH has the ability to deliver 
test  results  to  patients  on  the  same  day  electronically  as 
well as via a mobile app.

IDH accordingly engages in sales and marketing activities that 
separately target:

•	 Physicians, through direct sales visits to individual prac-
titioners, periodic gatherings for physicians within a spe-
ciality, promotional giveaways as well as discount cards for 
physicians and their families that are compliant with our 
Anti-Bribery and Corruption Policy, incentive-based physi-
cian loyalty programs and the organisation or sponsorship 
of conferences;

•	 Walk-in patients, through social media channels, mass-
market  and  targeted  health  awareness  campaigns,  et 
cetera, calling on outdoor advertising, television, radio and 
online advertising; and

•	 Corporate patients, through direct outreach to insurers 

and employers. 

20

IDH annual report 2016  

OUR SUpplIERS

IDH  has  an  asset-light  business  model  that  is  also  illustrated  by  its  supplier 
relationships. The Group’s contracts with its key suppliers of medical testing kits 
include  the  provision  of  the  equipment  to  analyse  the  laboratory  test  results. 
These agreements have minimum annual commitment payments to cover the 
supply of the medical diagnostic equipment, kits and chemicals to be used for 
testing and ongoing maintenance and support services. The agreement periods 
are typically for five to eight years. The supply of the medical diagnostics equip-
ment through these arrangements has been judged to be finance lease in nature. 

The Group’s main suppliers of kits are Roche, Siemens and BM (Sysmex), who 
collectively represented 69% of total raw materials in Egypt in 2016; this com-
pares with 45% in 2015, as the Group’s Megalab was not fully operational for the 
entire 2015 year. On the whole, raw materials as a percentage of sales declined to 
16% in 2016 from 17% in 2015. IDH does not rely on any single supplier of test kits 
or any other medical supply purchases in the Mega Lab so as to avoid backorders 
and any ensuing interruptions to operations. 

The  number  of  kits  purchased  is  determined  by  a  combination  of  historical 
consumption  patterns  and  future  growth  plans,  and  our  high  volume  of  kit 
consumption feeds into pricing power with suppliers going forward. Increasing 
test volumes thus puts the Group in a strong position to negotiate favourable kit 
prices, thereby reducing the cost per test while at the same time incurring no 
initial capital outlay for the purchase of medical diagnostic equipment.

IDH is exposed to foreign exchange risk in purchasing supplies, as a significant 
portion of its purchases are either payable or effectively priced in foreign cur-
rency  (see  “Specific  Risk/Mitigation”  table  starting  on  on  page  28).  Siemens, 
accounting for 15% of total raw materials, is the only supplier that the Group 
actually  pays  in  US  dollars.  While  other  suppliers  provide  the  Company  with 
imported product, they are paid in Egyptian pounds. 

The Group is one of the largest providers of diagnostic services in the region, 
and as such, one of the largest volume purchasers of test kits. Over the years, 
IDH  has  developed  strong  and  long-standing  relationships  with  its  supplier 
base. Accordingly, the Company has been able to successfully negotiate favour-
able contract terms against the backdrop of the currency devaluation, so that 
the prices of its kits have been increasing at a slower rate than that at which the 
Egyptian pound has lost value against the US dollar. 

IDH annual report 2016  

21

Strategic Report

Our  
Business Model

The scalable Hub, Spoke and Spike business model works very well in a fragment-
ed industry characterised by high barriers to entry that benefit existing professional 
operators such as IDH.

B labs (Spokes)
•	 B-labs serve as IDH’s spokes that work to reduce traf-
fic to Mega Lab by processing routine tests onsite, 
including chemistry, parasitology and haematology.
•	 They are higher in capacity and larger in size than 

the C labs.

•	 At 2016 year-end, there were seven B labs in Egypt, 

two B labs in Jordan and 20 in Sudan.

C labs (Spikes)
•	 C  labs  are  collection  centres  that  allow  for  expan-

sion of reach.

•	 They conduct basic tests including urine, stool, se-

men, ESR and pregnancy tests.

•	 At  2016  year-end,  there  were  354  operational  C 
lab branches compared with 314 at the end of the 
previous year. 

IDH  operates  an  easily  scalable  business  model,  allowing 
for  expansion  in  a  capital-efficient  manner  and  geared 
toward  operational  efficiency.  The  Group  deploys  a  Hub, 
Spoke  and  Spike  model  in  which  the  Mega  Lab  functions 
as  the  Hub  that  is  equipped  for  all  services  and  tests  of-
fered,  particularly  with  advanced  diagnostic  tools,  for 
samples collected by the B and C labs. The B labs (Spokes) 
are capable of processing routine tests, and they effectively 
reduce traffic to the Mega Lab where warranted. The C labs 
(Spikes)  function  as  collection  and  basic  test  centres  that 
importantly increase our reach to clients nationwide. 

Supported by the strong operational backbone of the Mega 
Lab, IDH is able to offer a broad range of tests and can “plug 
and  play”  new  C  labs  to  extend  its  geographic  reach.  The 
addition of new and esoteric test facilities at the Mega Lab 
provides  a  “one-stop”  solution  for  customers,  which,  in 
combination  with  value-package  offerings,  drives  our  key 
test-per-patient financial metric. Replacing the two A labs 
in 2015, the Mega Lab now houses additional machines that 
have  increased  automation  and  offers  excess  capacity  to 
support future growth in the business.

Mega lab (Hub)
•	 The  Mega  Lab,  the  largest  automated  lab  in  Egypt, 
serves  as  IDH’s  diagnostic  hub,  equipped  with  the 
latest  technology  and  providing  a  full  suite  of  diag-
nostic tests.

•	 A  majority  of  equipment  is  provided  at  no  upfront 
cash  cost  in  return  for  IDH  agreeing  to  purchase  a 
minimum volume of kits from the equipment supplier.
•	 Specialty  tests  from  IDH  subsidiaries  are  shipped  to 
the Mega Lab in Egypt, and results are retrieved elec-
tronically.

•	 Significant cost synergies are realised on kits, logistics 

and quality control.

22

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

23

 
Strategic Report

Internationally   
Accredited Test Portfolio

IDH’s comprehensive product portfolio covers immu-
nology, radiology, haematology, endocrinology, clinical 
chemistry,  molecular  biology,  cytogenetics,  histopa-
thology  and  microbiology.  Across  its  brand  portfolio, 
IDH  maintains  international-quality  accreditations 
with a stringent internal audit process to ensure best-
in-class service.

ISo
ISO accreditation requires an initial inspection of labo-
ratory practices, calibration and medical analysis by an 
accreditation body. For Al Mokhtabar and for Al Borg, it 
was URS Certification (accredited internationally by the 
United Kingdom Accreditation Service); and for Biolab, 
it was the Jordanian Accreditation System (JAS). The in-
spection involves the clinical chemistry area, the virolo-
gy unit, the haematology unit and the general laboratory 
management  practice.  The  accreditation’s  standards 
include both management and technical requirements. 
The Company’s ISO 9001:2008 accreditations for both Al 
Mokhtabar  and  Al  Borg  passed  year-end accreditation 
reviews in 2016 and will next be renewed in 2017.

College of american pathologists (Cap)
Unlike ISO accreditation, CAP certification is awarded 
to individual labs, rather than the Group’s operation as 
a whole. Prior to its decommissioning, Al Mokhtabar’s 
A Lab was the only private laboratory in Egypt to have 
been certified by CAP. CAP standards track four aspects 
of laboratory operations:

•	 Directors  and  personnel:  The  laboratory  must  be 
staffed  with  a  sufficient  number  of  personnel  and 
the lines of authority should be well defined so that 
the directors can properly fulfil their responsibilities.
•	 Physical resources: There must be sufficient resourc-
es,  including  physical  space,  testing  instruments, 
reagents,  information  processing  and  communica-
tion systems, ventilation, storage and waste disposal 
facilities  and  public  utilities.  Furthermore,  there 
must  be  sufficient  safeguards  against  hazardous 
conditions to ensure patient safety.

•	 Quality  management:  The  laboratory  must  have 
policies  and  procedures  in  place  to  ensure  quality 
testing and patient safety. These should include the 
validation  of  test  systems,  analytic  quality  control, 
quality  management  of  pre-  and  post-analytic 
processes,  proficiency  testing,  human  resource 
management,  information  management,  ongoing 
quality improvement and appropriate communica-
tion procedures.

•	 Administrative  requirements:  The  laboratory  must 
maintain  appropriate  records  and  adhere  to  CAP 
certification  requirements  and  certain  other  poli-
cies, and will be subject to onsite inspections, interim 
inspections and interim self-assessments.

IDH  filed  for  CAP  certification  for  the  Mega  Lab  as 
scheduled  in  2016  and  expects  inspectors  on  site  in 
2017. The CAP certification will thereafter be subject to 
renewal every two years.

Quality assurance
IDH’s  quality  assurance  program  serves  as  the  internal 
audit  function  of  the  Group,  ensuring  that  all  internal 
diagnostic  processes,  lab  testing  procedures  and  results 
analyses  are  accurate.  The  quality  assurance  program 
ensures that all the standards of the CAP and ISO accredi-
tations  are  met  by  inspecting  hardware  and  equipment, 
ensuring compliance with procedure manuals, inspecting 
the  accuracy  of  results  and  administering  competency 
assessments for employees. The internal audit team also 
maintains  a  specific  audit  checklist  for  the  basic  and 
routine tests conducted in the Group’s C Labs, including 
conformity of process; testing the competency of employ-
ees  through  oral,  observational,  practical  and  written 
tests; and conducting managerial audits to assess the labs’ 
management and administrative efficiency.

employee training
The  Group  views  education  as  an  essential  means  of  en-
suring quality across its laboratories. To help develop the 
skills of employees, IDH has a dedicated training facility in 
Cairo with four training laboratories. In 2016, the training 
centre  employed  one  director,  five  full-time  specialists, 
four  administrators  and  fourteen  part-time  instructors. 
The centre provides training to around 250 employees per 
month, including doctors, chemists, sales personnel  and 
administrators.  The  training  curriculum  is  determined 
based on performance KPIs, internal audit reports, man-
agement  reviews,  competency  assessment  reports  and 
analysis  of  customer  feedback  and  complaints.  IDH’s 
employee training is structured along four modules: New 
employee  training,  competency-based,  need-based  and 
practical re-training.

24

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

25

Strategic Report

Growth   
Strategy 

IDH’s growth strategy rests on leveraging its established 
business  model  to  achieve  four  key  strategic  goals, 
namely:  (1)  continue  to  expand  customer  reach;  (2) 
increase  tests  per  patient  by  expanding  the  Group’s 

services portfolio; (3) expand into new geographic mar-
kets through selective, value-accretive acquisitions; and 
(4)  introduce  new  medical  services  by  leveraging  the 
Group’s network and reputable brand position. 

Expand Customer Reach

Increase Tests per patient

Expand Geographically 

Diversify into New Medical Services

IDH intends to use its scalable, low capital-intensive 
business model to quickly and efficiently open new 
labs and expand geographically. A wider geographic 
reach will increase accessibility for patients, thereby 
expanding  the  customer  base.  Further,  the  Group’s 
add-on  services,  such  as  house  calls,  e-services 
and  results  delivery,  make  its  regular  service  offer-
ings easier to use for both existing and prospective 
patients. IDH is also actively engaged in advertising 
campaigns to raise awareness of particular diseases 
and the importance of being tested, as well as to ed-
ucate people with lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes 
and high cholesterol, to undergo frequent testing.

IDH  intends  to  expand  its  branch  network  and  di-
versify  its  portfolio  of  test  services  offered  in  order 
to  take  full  advantage  of  the  expected  increased 
demand for private healthcare services in Egypt. The 
Group is expanding its ability to perform more com-
plex tests not offered in other labs by broadening its 
portfolio  of  specialised  and  advanced  tests,  which 
will help to drive testing volumes. IDH is also focused 
on bundling testing services into health packages to 
offer to its existing customers at discounted rates as 
a way to increase tests, thus revenues, per patient. 

IDH  is  looking  to  expand  through  value-accreting 
acquisitions  in  the  MENA  region,  the  GCC  and 
sub-Saharan  Africa,  where  our  business  model  is 
well-suited  to  capitalise  on  similar  healthcare  and 
consumer trends and capture a significant share of 
fragmented markets. 

As  the  medical  testing  market  in  Egypt  is  evolving 
from  a  single  doctor-oriented  model  to  a  branded 
chain  model,  IDH  recognises  the  opportunity  to 
offer services that are not currently being provided 
by any private healthcare provider on a large scale. 
The Company believes that its scale and experience 
make  it  better  positioned  than  its  competitors  to 
take advantage of developing diagnostic services op-
portunities in Egypt, ranging from specialised physi-
cian  services  to  radiology  to  in-vitro  fertilisation, 
among possibilities, that would raise IDH’s profile to 
that of a “one-stop-shop” diagnostics provider.

26

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

27

Strategic Report

Principal Risks,    
Uncertainties and Their Mitigation 

As  in  any  corporation,  IDH  has  exposure  to  risks  and 
uncertainties  that  may  adversely  affect  its  performance. 
IDH Chairman Lord St John of Bletso has emphasised that 
ownership of the risk matrix is sufficiently important to the 
Group’s long-term success that it must be equally shared by 
the Board and senior management. 

While no system can mitigate every risk — and some risks, 
as at the country level, are largely without potential miti-
gants — the Group has in place processes, procedures and 
baseline  assumptions  that  provide  mitigation.  The  Board 
and senior management agree that the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group include:

Specific risk

Mitigation

Country risk — political & Security
Egypt and the wider MENA region, where the Group oper-
ates,  have  experienced  political  volatility  since  2011  and 
continue  to  experience  occasional  terrorist  incidents. 
There remains a risk of occasional civil disorder.

Country / regional risk — Economic
The Group is subject to the economic conditions of Egypt 
specifically and, to a lesser extent, those of the wider MENA 
region. Egypt accounted for c. 87% of our revenues in 2016 
(2015: 90%).

High  inflation:  Egypt’s  headline  inflation  rate  closed  De-
cember 2016 at a record-high of 23.3%, pressured by food 
prices  increases.  Consensus  expectations  are  for  inflation 
to remain at high year-on-year levels throughout the first 
half of 2017, gradually decelerating to c. 14% by mid-year.

See mitigants for “Country / regional risk — Economic,” below.

As with country risk, this is largely not subject to mitiga-
tion. In both political / security and economic risk, man-
agement notes that IDH operates in a defensive industry 
and  that  the  business  continued  to  grow  year-on-year 
through two revolutions, as well as under extremely dif-
ficult operating conditions in 2016.

High  inflation  is  one  consequence  of  Egypt’s  policy-
restructuring  cycle.  The  structural  change  underway  in 
government  spending  and  general  repricing  of  goods 
and services represents a reversal of 50 years of compre-
hensive government support. While it will take time, the 
reform program is designed to put the country on a more 
sustainable path to growth and fiscal consolidation.  

The  Group’s  contemplated  acquisitions  outside  of  Egypt 
would  also  mitigate  the  Egypt-specific  country  risk  over 
time.

28

IDH annual report 2016  

Specific risk

Mitigation

Foreign currency and banking regulation risk
Foreign currency risk: The Group is exposed to foreign cur-
rency  risk  on  the  cost  side  of  the  business.  The  majority 
of supplies it acquires are paid in Egyptian pounds (EGP), 
but given they are imported, their price will vary with the 
rate of exchange between the EGP and foreign currencies. 
In  addition,  a  portion  of  supplies  are  priced  and  paid  in 
foreign currencies.

As was the case in 2015, Egypt experienced in 2016 a foreign 
currency  shortage  that  limited  the  ability  of  companies  to 
source foreign exchange. That shortage worsened in 2016 and 
resulted in a wide gap between the official and parallel market 
value of the Egyptian pound against the US dollar and other 
key  foreign  currencies.  This  shortage  was  accompanied  by 
measures to limit the import of non-essential goods as well as 
others designed to restrict cash deposits of foreign currency 
and to slow the transfer of foreign currency out of the country. 
In parallel, the Central Bank of Egypt (CBE) enforced in 2016 
a 13-year-old rule that forbade any Egyptian Company from 
paying another Egyptian Company in foreign currency.

The CBE moved to a fully floating foreign exchange regime on 
3 November 2016, since which time the value of the Egyptian 
pound  against  the  US  dollar  has  been  set  by  the  interbank 
market. As of 31 December 2016, the pound had lost 56% of 
its value against the US dollar compared to its value as at 1 
January 2016. The Egyptian pound closed 2016 at 18.00 per 
US$ 1.00 against an opening rate of EGP 7.83.

The Egyptian pound was valued at 18.06 to US$ 1.00 as of 15 
March 2017.

Banking regulation risk: A priority list and allocation mecha-
nism imposed by the CBE was in effect throughout 2016 to 
prioritise essential imports. This mechanism was in place in 
response to an active parallel market for foreign exchange.

While foreign exchange is increasingly available following the 
November 2016 float of the Egyptian pound and prices set by 
the interbank mechanism, IDH faces the risk of variability in 
the exchange rate as a result of economic and other factors.

Supplier risk
In  the  period  1  January  2016  to  31  December  2016,  the 
EGP lost 56% of its value against the US$, creating signifi-
cant risk of suppliers re-opening negotiations in the face 
of cost pressure.

IDH’s supplier risk is particularly concentrated  with three 
key suppliers — Siemens, Roche and BM (Sysmex)— who 
provide  it  with  kits representing 69%  of  the total  value  of 
total raw materials in 2016 in Egypt (2015: 45%).

IDH’s  exposure  to  foreign  currency  risk  takes  two  primary 
forms:  price  and  availability.  Price  risk  impacts  the  cost  of 
supplies  (almost  all  imported,  either  directly  by  IDH  or  by 
third  parties),  on  which  spending  was  equivalent  to  c.  16% 
of  revenues  in  2016  (2015:  17%).  Management  believes  that 
it can mitigate the effects of devaluation through a combina-
tion  of  improved  pricing  and  cost  efficiencies  (see  Supplier 
Risk below for more).

Only  15%  of  IDH’s  cost  of  supplies  (c.  2%  of  revenues)  are 
payable  in  US  dollars,  minimising  the  Group’s  exposure  to 
foreign exchange (FX) scarcity and in part, the volatility of the 
Egyptian pound.

In 2016, IDH recorded a net foreign exchange loss of EGP 89 
million compared with a net foreign exchange gain of EGP 3.5 
million in 2015.

The priority list and allocation mechanism have been relaxed 
following  the  float  of  the  Egyptian  pound.  Companies  now 
report increasing availability of foreign exchange for imports. 
The parallel market for foreign exchange is presently dormant.

Caps on deposits of foreign exchange into the  banking sys-
tem, which were in place during 2015 and throughout much 
of 2016, have been removed, although strict documentation 
requirements remain in place.

There  are  currently  no  restrictions  in  Egypt  on  repatriation 
of  dividends  by  foreign  companies.  The  CBE  confirmed  it 
verbally  informed  banks  in  December  2016  that  they  may, 
subject  to  available  foreign  currency  liquidity,  repatriate 
dividends and other funds for foreign companies. The repa-
triation  queue  for  investors  in  Egyptian  equities  traded  on 
the  Egyptian  Exchange  (EGX)  has  been  cleared,  but  there 
remains a repatriation queue for other funds. The size of this 
backlog has not been disclosed.

IDH has strong, longstanding relationships with its suppli-
ers, to whom it is a significant regional client. Due to the 
volumes  of  kits  the  Company  purchases,  IDH  is  able  to 
negotiate  favourable  pricing  that  in  2016  saw  the  price  it 
pays  for  kits  rise  slower  than  did  inflation  (which  rose  to 
new highs as a result of the devaluation of the EGP).

The  percentage  of  kits  sourced  from  Siemens,  Roche  and 
BM (Sysmex) rose period-on-period due to changing sup-
plier relationships for the MegaLab inaugurated in the sec-
ond half of 2015. Total raw materials costs as a percentage 
of sales declined to 16% in 2016 from 17% in 2015.

IDH annual report 2016  

29

Strategic Report

Specific risk

Remittance of dividend regulations & repatriation of profit
The  Group’s  ability  to  remit  dividends  abroad  may  be 
adversely affected by the imposition of remittance restric-
tions  where,  under  Egyptian  law,  companies  must  obtain 
government  clearance  to  transfer  dividends  overseas  and 
are subject to higher taxation on payment of dividends.

International banks are very cautious in carrying out trans-
actions with any Sudanese business and so while there are 
no actual restrictions on the payment of dividends from the 
Sudanese subsidiary in practice, the probability of enabling 
payments of dividends from Sudan to Egypt is quite low.

legal & regulatory risk to the business
The Group’s business is subject to, and affected by, exten-
sive,  stringent  and  frequently  changing  laws  and  regula-
tions, as well as frequently changing enforcement regimes, 
in each of the countries in which it operates. Moreover, as a 
significant player in the Egyptian private clinical laboratory 
market, the Group is subject to antitrust and competition 
related  restrictions,  as  well  as  the  possibility  of  investiga-
tion by the Egyptian Competition Authority.

Quality control risks
Failure  to  establish  and  comply  with  appropriate  quality 
standards  when  performing  testing  and  diagnostics  ser-
vices  could  result  in  litigation  and  liability  for  the  Group 
and could materially and adversely affect its reputation and 
results of operations. This is particularly key as the Group 
depends  heavily  on  maintaining  good  relationships  with 
and acceptance by healthcare professionals who prescribe 
and recommend the Group’s services.

Risk from contract clients
Contract  clients  including  private  insurers,  unions  and 
corporations,  account  for  c.  61%  of  the  Group’s  revenue. 
Should  IDH’s  relationship  with  these  clients  deteriorate, 
if IDH should prove unable to negotiate and retain similar 
fee arrangements or should these clients be unable to make 
payments to the Group, IDH’s business may be materially 
and adversely affected.

Mitigation

Specific risk

Mitigation

pricing pressure in a competitive, regulated environment
The Group faces pricing pressure from various third-party 
payers  that  could  materially  and  adversely  affect  its  rev-
enue. Pricing may be restrained in cases by recommended 
or mandatory fees set by government ministries and other 
authorities.

This risk may be more pronounced in the context of head-
line monthly inflation, which, as of December 2016, reached 
a record high of 23.3%.

High level of goodwill and other intangible assets
IDH’s  high  level  of  goodwill  and  other  intangible  assets 
could  generate  significant  future  asset  impairments, 
which  could  be  recorded  as  operating  losses.  Goodwill 
and  intangible  assets  have  arisen  from  historic  acquisi-
tions  made  by  the  Group  and  include  the  brand  names 
used in the business.

Business continuity risks
Management  concentration  risk:  IDH  is  dependent  on  the 
unique  skills  and  experience  of  a  talented  management 
team. The loss of the services of key members of that team 
could materially and adversely affect the Company’s opera-
tions and business. 

Business  interruption:  IT  systems  are  used  extensively  in 
virtually  all  aspects  of  the  Group’s  business  and  across 
each of its lines of business, including test and exam results 
reporting, billing, customer service, logistics and manage-
ment  of  medical  data.  Similarly,  business  interruption  at 
one of the Group’s larger laboratory facilities could result in 
significant losses and reputational damage to the Group’s 
business  as  a  result  of  external  factors  such  as  natural 
disasters, fire, riots or extended power failures. The Group’s 
operations therefore depend on the continued and uninter-
rupted performance of its systems.

This is an external risk for which there exist few mitigants.

In  the  event  there  is  escalation  of  price  competition  be-
tween  market  players,  the  Group  sees  its  wide  national 
footprint as a mitigant; c. 61% of our revenue is generated 
by  servicing  contract  clients  (private  insurer,  unions  and 
corporations) who prefer IDH’s national network to patch-
works of local players.

IDH  has  a  limited  ability  to  influence  changes  to  manda-
tory pricing policies imposed  by government agencies,  as 
is  the  case  in  Jordan,  where  basic  tests  that  account  for 
the majority of IDH’s business in that nation are subject to 
price controls.

IDH carries out an annual impairment test on goodwill and 
other intangible assets in line with IAS 36. 

The results of the annual impairment test show headroom 
between  the  recoverable  amount  (based  on  value  in  use) 
and the carrying value of each of the identified Cash Gen-
erating Units and no impairment is deemed to be required

For more detail see note 14 of the Financial Statements.

IDH  understands  the  need  to  support  its  future  growth 
plans by strengthening its human capital and engaging in 
appropriate succession planning. The Company is commit-
ted to expanding the senior management team, led by its 
CEO Dr. Hend El Sherbini, to include the talent needed for 
a larger footprint. The Group has constituted an Executive 
Committee led by Dr. El Sherbini and composed of heads 
of  departments.  The  Executive  Committee  meets  every 
second week.

The Group has in place a full disaster recovery plan, with 
procedures  and  provisions  for  spares,  redundant  power 
systems and the use of mobile data systems as alternatives 
to  landlines,  among  multiple  other  factors.  IDH  tests  its 
disaster recovery plans on a regular basis.

As  a  foreign  investor  in  Egypt,  IDH  does  not  have  issues 
with the repatriation of dividends, but is exposed to risk in 
the form of cost of foreign exchange in the markets in which 
the Group operates, particularly Egypt.

As a provider of medical diagnostic services, IDH’s opera-
tions in Sudan  are not subject  to sanctions. Management 
moreover  notes  that  the  international  community  has 
signalled its desire to ease the sanctions regime.

The Group’s general counsel and the quality assurance team 
work  together  to  keep  IDH  abreast  of,  and  in  compliance 
with, both legislative and regulatory changes.

On  the  antitrust  front,  the  private  laboratory  segment  (of 
which IDH is a part) accounts for a small proportion of the 
total  market,  which  consists  of  small  private  labs,  private 
chain labs and large governmental and quasi-governmental 
institutions.

The Group’s quality assurance (QA) function ensures com-
pliance  with  best  practices  across  all  medical  diagnostic 
functions.  All  laboratory  staff  participate  in  ongoing  pro-
fessional  education  with  quality  assurance  emphasised  at 
each juncture.

The head of quality assurance for the Group is a member of 
the senior management team at the IDH level, which meets 
weekly  to  review  recent  developments,  plan  strategy  and 
discuss issues of concern to the Group as a whole.

IDH diligently works to maintain sound relationships with 
contract clients. All changes to pricing and contracts are 
arrived at through discussion rather than blanket imposi-
tion  by  IDH.  Relations  are  further  enhanced  by  regular 
visits to contract clients by the Group’s sales staff.

IDH’s attractiveness to contract clients is enhanced by the 
extent of its national network.

No single client contract currently accounts for more than 
1.1% of revenues.

Prudent  management  of  contract  clients  translated  into 
the  Group  taking  provisions  of  EGP  4.3  million  in  2016 
for  doubtful  accounts  (2015:  EGP  9.2  million).  (See  note 
17  to  the  accompanying  Financial  Statements  for  more 
information.)

30

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

31

Strategic Report

Specific risk

loss of talent
IDH  depends  on  the  skills,  knowledge,  experience  and 
expertise  of  its  senior  managers  to  run  its  business  and 
implement its strategies. The Group’s senior management 
has an average of 15 years of industry experience and the 
majority  are  medical  doctors.  IDH  is  furthermore  reliant 
on its ability to recruit and retain laboratory professionals. 
Loss of senior managers could materially and adversely af-
fect the Group’s results of operations and business.

loss of certifications and accreditations
One of IDH’s subsidiaries was the only laboratory in Egypt 
accredited by the College of American Pathologists (CAP); 
the  Group’s  new  Mega  Lab  is  presently  undergoing  CAP 
certification.  Many  of  IDH’s  facilities  are  also  certified  by 
the International Organization for Standards. The failure to 
obtain CAP accreditation for Mega Lab or the failure to re-
new ISO certifications would call into question the Group’s 
quality standards and competitive differentiators.

Mitigation

In  addition  to  competitive  compensation  packages,  the 
Group also ensures it has access to a broad pool of trained 
laboratory professionals through its own in-house recruit-
ment and training program. We furthermore have in place 
a program to monitor the performance of graduates of the 
training program.

Egypt is a net exporter of trained healthcare professionals 
as there is surplus staff in the market. IDH’s efforts are ac-
cordingly focused on retention of qualified staff as opposed 
to recruitment of new personnel.

IDH  filed  to  acquire  CAP  accreditation  for  Mega  Lab  in 
2016 and expects inspectors on site in 2017. The Company 
also  renewed  its  ISO  certifications  in  2016,  with  the  next 
renewal due in 2017. IDH’s ability to keep current its certi-
fications and accreditation are supported by ongoing QA, 
training and internal audit procedures.

32

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

33

Strategic Report

FINANCIAL REVIEW 

IDH delivered strong operational and financial performances 
in  the  year  ended  31  December  2016,  most  notably  against 
the backdrop of significant macro-economic challenges in its 
home market of Egypt. The Group’s top line was driven largely 
by better pricing, as well as the impact of volume and foreign 
currency translation of results from the Group’s Sudanese and 
Jordanian subsidiaries into Egyptian pounds. Bottom-line re-
sults notably reflect the impact of fees amounting to EGP 125 
million associated with the Company’s initial public offering 
on the London Stock Exchange in 2015 against nil in 2016. 

Lab with excess capacity that enables the Group to deploy 
its  Hub,  Spoke  and  Spike  business  model  to  open  capital 
efficient  “C”  labs  more  rapidly.  During  2016,  the  Group 
added 40 new labs in total, including 19 new branches for 
Al Mokhtabar (Egypt), 20 new branches for Al Borg (Egypt) 
and 3 new branches for Biolab (Jordan); one branch each 
was closed for Ultralab and MK Sudan, both of which op-
erate  in  Sudan.  Total  IDH  branches  reached  354  as  of  31 
December 2016 versus 314 branches at 2015 year end, for 
13% total unit expansion. 

The  Company  continued  to  invest  in  expanding  its  geo-
graphic  footprint,  supported  by  its  state-of-the-art  Mega 

The results for the year are summarised below:

EGp million

Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross Profit
Gross Profit Margin %
Operating expenses
Operating Profit
Depreciation
Amortisation
EBITDA*
Net Profit*

2016

          1,171 
           (543)
             628 
54%
 (162)
             466 
 45 
 -   
 511 
267

2015

          1,015 
           (468)
            547 
54%
 (280)
             267 
 36 
 -
 304 
155

% Change

15%
16%
15%
-
-42%
74%
25%
-
68%
72%

* EBITDA is calculated as operating profit plus depreciation and amortisation. EBITDA and Net Profit for 2015 reflect the impact of fees associated with 
IDH’s initial public offering on the London Stock Exchange of EGP 125 million as well other non-recurring expenses of EGP 6.0 million. 

In respect of this summary, the Group notes:

34

IDH annual report 2016  

our Customers
IDH serves two principal types of clients: contract (corpo-
rate) and walk-in (individuals). Within each of these catego-
ries, the Group also offers a house-call service, and within 
the contract segment, a lab-to-lab service.

accounting  for  more  than  1.1%  of  revenues.  Within  the 
contract  segment,  IDH  also  provides  lab-to-lab  services 
for  hospitals  and  other  laboratories  not  able  to  process 
certain tests in house.

Contract Clients
IDH’s  contract  clients,  who  in  2016  represented  61%  of 
the Group’s revenues, include institutions such as unions, 
private insurance companies and corporations who enter 
into one-year renewable contracts at agreed rates per-test 
and  on  a  per-client  basis.  During  2016,  IDH  served  4.2 
million  patients  under  these  contracts  and  performed  a 
total  of  18.5  million  tests,  with  no  single  contract  client 

Walk-in Clients
IDH derived 39% of its revenues in 2016 from walk-in clients. 
Walk-in clients numbered 1.6 million in 2016, representing 
28% of total patients served. As IDH’s markets develop and 
become more institutionally oriented, more patients will be 
performing  pathology  tests  under  corporate  agreements, 
a  trend  that  plays  to  the  Group’s  strength  with  the  best 
economies of scale in the Egyptian diagnostics industry.

IDH revenue by type and Key performance Indicators

Contract Clients
Revenue (EGP mn)
Patients (‘000)
Tests (‘000)
Walk-in Clients
Revenue (EGP mn)
Patients (‘000)
Tests (‘000)
Total revenue (EGP mn)
Total patients (‘000)
Total tests (‘000)
Tests per patient
Revenue per patient (EGP)
Revenue per test (EGP)

2016

713
4,174
18,540

458
1,642
5,530
1,171
5,816
24,070
4.15
 201 
 49 

2015

615
4,074
18,173

400
1,718
5,660
1,015
5,792
23,833
4.11
 175 
 43 

IDH annual report 2016  

35

 
 
 
 
 
Strategic Report

IDH revenue by type and Key performance Indicators

Contracts – Unions

Contracts – Banks

Contracts – Corporate

Contracts – Government Institutions

Contracts – Hospitals

Contracts – Public Insurance

Contracts – Medical Care

Contracts as % of total revenue

Walk-ins as % of total revenue

% of total 2016 revenues

% of total 2015 revenues

14%

2%

26%

2%

4%

6%

7%

61%

39%

18%

2%

18%

4%

5%

7%

7%

61%

39%

revenue analysis
Consolidated  revenues  increased  15%  year-on-year  to 
EGP1,171 million, underpinned by IDH’s strong brands and 
focused  marketing  strategies.  While  the  total  number  of 
patients in 2016 was on par with that of 2015, the combi-
nation of selected price increases and a better mix of test 
types drove growth of the top line. This can be seen in the 
key  metrics  of  average  revenue-per-patient  (up  15%  year-
on-year  across  both  contract  and  walk-in  patients)  and 
average  revenue-per-test  (14%  higher  year-on-year  across 
both patient categories). 

Revenues  from  contract  clients  increased  16%  in  2016, 
despite gains of only 2% in patient and test volumes. It is 
noteworthy that in a difficult year, this strong revenue per-
formance was achieved on top of a 31% year-on-year gain 
in 2015, further demonstrating the trend toward corporate 
health  insurance  coverage,  in  particular  in  the  Group’s 
principal market of Egypt. In the contract client category, 
average revenue-per-patient and average revenue-per-test 
increased 15% and 14% period-on-period, respectively. IDH 
signed 456 new corporate contracts with insurers last year 
versus 312 in 2015.

Revenues  from  walk-in  clients  gained  14%  year-on-year, 
even  as  the  number  of  walk-in  patients  decreased  4% 
and the number of walk-in tests declined 2%. In part, this 
reflects  consumer  migration  toward  corporate  healthcare 
agreements, a shift in mix expected to continue. Since late 
2015, however, walk-in patient volumes have been hurt as 
consumers have been curbing their spending in general in 
reaction  to  the  high  inflation  associated  with  the  devalu-
ation of the Egyptian pound. Average revenue per walk-in 
patient rose 13% period-on-period, while average revenue 
per walk-in test climbed 14%.

In  particular,  IDH  has  been  successful  in  maintaining 
high  levels  of  walk-in  volumes  against  the  backdrop  of 

unprecedented  high  inflation  through  tactical  marketing 
campaigns targeting families of recurring tests of patients 
with lifestyle and other chronic diseases. These campaigns 
emphasise the Group’s brand messages of quality and safe-
ty; and they are educational in nature, encouraging medical 
testing  and  offering  value  packages  and  promotions  for 
diabetes treatment, pregnancy check-ups and weight man-
agement, among others.

The  largest  factor  backing  higher  revenues  in  2016  was 
price and mix of tests (58%), followed by test volumes (24%) 
and currency translation (18%). 

The currency effect was due to the translation of revenues 
in  local  currencies  from  Sudan  and  Jordan  into  Egyptian 
pounds. In 2016, the Sudanese pound (SDG) was translated 
at an average rate of 1.204 (2015: 1.144) while the Jordanian 
dinar  (JOD)  was  translated  at  an  average  rate  of  14.573 
(2015: 10.815).

On a geographic basis, Egypt contributed 87% of Consoli-
dated Group Revenues in 2016 followed by Jordan at 10% 
and Sudan at 3%. In 2015, Egypt accounted for 90%, Jordan 
for 7% and Sudan for 3%.

Cost of Sales
Cost  of  sales  increased  16%  year-on-year  to  EGP  543  mil-
lion  in  2016  compared  with  EGP  468  million  in  2015.  Raw 
material costs were positively leveraged, as IDH maintained 
strict  cost  disciplines  in  what  was  a  challenging  economic 
environment. The Group was also able to negotiate favour-
able  contract  terms  with  its  three  main  suppliers:  Roche, 
Siemens and BM (Sysmex). The ability to keep material costs 
in check is reflected in the competitive advantages of both 
the strength of the Company’s supplier relationships and the 
large volumes that it regularly purchases from them. Thus, 
in the high inflation environment in Egypt associated with 

the  currency  devaluation,  the  prices  of  test  kits  have  been 
increasing at a slower rate than that at which the Egyptian 
pound has lost value against the US dollar. 

reason for this was the absence of expenses in 2016 related 
to the Company’s IPO the previous year, which totalled EGP 
125 million.

Wages and salaries were the largest component of cost of 
sales in 2016 at 36% of total (2015: 34%) and rose 22% year-
on-year. The increase was driven by annual employee salary 
raises  and  by  new  hires  primarily  associated  with  branch 
expansion.  Higher  employee  profit  share  entitlement  for 
Egyptian operations, based on annual growth in net profits 
in 2016, was also a factor.

The  depreciation  expense  accounted  for  in  COGS  in-
creased 24% to EGP 41 million in 2016 (2015: EGP 33 mil-
lion). The difference was primarily due to the depreciation 
of  leased  equipment  calculated  for  a  full  year  in  2016, 
compared with 7.5 months in 2015, and the opening of 40 
new branches last year. 

Gross profit
Gross  profit  increased  15%  for  the  year,  or  in  line  with 
revenues, to EGP 628 million compared with EGP 547 mil-
lion  in  2015.  The  Group’s  gross  profit  margin  was  accord-
ingly flat in 2016 compared with 54% in 2015. As discussed 
above, this reflected the Company’s ability to maintain cost 
discipline and negotiate favourable pricing with suppliers 
despite macro-economic headwinds. 

operating expenses
Operating  expenses  were  EGP  162  million  in  2016  versus 
EGP 280 million in 2015. As a percentage of sales, operating 
expenses fell to 13.2% from 25.8% a year earlier. The primary 

Other  factors  that  represented  favourable  year-on-year 
expense  swings  included  lower  allowances  for  bad  debt 
collection, reduced provisions related to legal cases and the 
release of a provision no longer required. 

operating profit
Operating profit for 2016 was accordingly EGP 466 million 
compared with EGP 267 million in 2015.

eBItDa1
EBITDA rose 68% to EGP 511 million, with an associated 
EBITDA  margin  improvement  to  44%.  EBITDA  in  2015 
included IPO costs of EGP 125 million as well as the write-
off of costs of EGP 6.0 million relating to plans to set up 
operations in Qatar, the closure of Molecular Diagnostics 
Centre  in  Cairo  and  surplus  stationery  stock  included 
within inventory. 

Egyptian operations contributed just under 94% of EBITDA, 
Jordan slightly less than 5% and Sudan nearly 2% in 2016. 
In 2015, these contributions stood at 94% Egypt, 4% Jordan 
and 2% Sudan.

1  EBITDA is calculated as operating profit plus 
depreciation and amortisation.

36

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

37

 
Strategic Report

We consider EBITDA to be an appropriate alternative per-
formance measure, as it is a metric commonly followed by 
the institutional investment community. 

Foreign exchange
In 2016, the Group’s net foreign exchange loss amounted 
to EGP 89 million, as an FX loss of EGP 133 million more 
than offset an EGP 44 million FX gain. This compares with 
a net foreign exchange gain of EGP 3.5 million in 2015.

Out of the EGP 133 million foreign exchange loss, EGP 105 
million was primarily attributable to revalued foreign de-
nominated contracts with major suppliers. The FX gain 
of  EGP  44  million  was  mainly  due  to  the  revaluation  of 
intercompany  balances  between  IDH  and  its  subsidiar-
ies  and  with  the  different  functional  currencies  within 
the  group,  including  the  Egyptian  pound,  the  Sudanese 
pound, the Jordanian dinar and the US dollar.

During 2016, IDH purchased US$ 14.2 million at an aver-
age price of US$ : EGP of 11.62.

taxation
In  2016,  IDH  recorded  income  tax  expense  of  EGP  136 
million,  with  an  effective  tax  rate  of  31%  versus  44%  in 
2015.  There  is  no  tax  payable  in  the  two  IDH  holding 
companies ( Jersey and Cayman); thus, costs incurred at 
the holding company level are not tax deductible. These 
would include, but are not limited to, KPMG UK fees and 
IDH administrative fees in London.

All  tax  is  paid  within  the  Group’s  operating  companies. 
The  corporate  income  tax  rates  in  countries  in  which 
IDH  operates  are  as  follows:  Egypt  22.5%,  Sudan  15.0% 
and Jordan 20.0%. 

The  Group’s  dividend  policy  is  to  distribute  any  excess 
cash  after  taking  into  consideration  all  business  cash 
requirements  and  potential  acquisition  considerations. 
As  a  result,  a  deferred  tax  liability  is  recognised  for  the 
5% tax on dividends for the future expected distribution 
payable by Egyptian entities under Egyptian tax legisla-
tion. Deferred tax in 2016 amounted to EGP 14.1 million 
(gain) compared with EGP 11.4 million (loss) in 2015.

net profit 
Net  profit  for  the  year  was  EGP  267  million  versus  EGP 
155 million recorded in 2015. Net profit in 2015 included 
the impact of fees amounting to EGP 125 million associ-
ated  with  the  Company’s  initial  public  offering  on  the 
London Stock Exchange against nil in 2016. These results 
also include the net impact of an EGP 89 million foreign 
exchange loss in 2016 compared with the net impact of 
an EGP 3.5 million foreign exchange gain in 2015.  

Balance Sheet
On the assets side of the balance sheet, property, plant and 
equipment  (PPE)  rose  to  EGP  391  million  at  31  December 
2016 from EGP 338 million a year earlier due to the opening 
of  40  new  branches  in  2016,  as  well  as  new  investment  in 
Information Technology systems.

In 2015, IDH entered into equipment lease agreements with 
its major suppliers that became effective in May 2015. The 
agreement  periods  range  from  five  to  eight  years,  which 
is  deemed  to  reflect  the  useful  life  of  the  equipment.  The 
agreements include annual commitment payments to cover 
the  supply  of  medical  diagnostic  equipment,  test  kits  and 
chemicals to be used for testing and ongoing maintenance 
and support services over the term of the agreement. If the 
minimum annual commitment payments are met over the 
agreement  period,  ownership  of  the  equipment  supplied 
will  legally  transfer  to  IDH.  On  one  side,  the  leased  equip-
ment is recorded in PPE, and the finance lease is recorded as 
a liability on the other side. 

Trade  and  other  receivables  rose  27%  to  EGP  148  million 
compared with EGP 117 million in 2015. The gain was pri-
marily due to higher pre-paid expenses and an increase in 
the net accounts receivable balance associated with higher 
revenues generated by contract clients.

On the liabilities side, trade and other payables increased to 
EGP 346 million in 2016 from EGP 230 million in 2015 as the 
overall supplier balance rose due to management’s decision 
to accumulate inventory as a hedge against further devalua-
tion of the Egyptian pound. The 13% Value Added Tax (VAT) 
also  contributed  to  the  higher  supplier  balance,  as  did  an 
increase in the put option liability related to the Company’s 
Jordanian operation. 

Inventories at 2016 year-end were EGP 52 million, up 51% 
versus  a  year  ago,  also  reflecting  the  decision  to  hedge 
against further currency devaluation.

During  2016,  IDH  managed  to  deliver  strong  operational 
cash  flow,  which  led  to  an  increase  in  the  cash  balance  at 
year end of c.76% compared to 31 December 2015.

Dividend
Proposed dividends for ordinary shares are subject to the 
approval of the Annual General Meeting and are not rec-
ognised as a liability as at 31 December 2016. The Board of 
Directors has recommended that a final dividend of US$ 
0.14  ( fourteen  US  cents)  per  share,  or  US$  21  million  in 
aggregate, should be paid to shareholders who appear on 
the register as at 12 May 2017, with an ex-dividend date of 
11 May 2017. The payment date for the dividend will be 6 
June 2017.

38

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

39

Strategic Report

Corporate  
Responsibility 

Founded  on  the  principle  of  providing  quality  medical 
assistance  and  services  to  better  the  lives  of  individu-
als  and  the  community  at  large,  IDH  views  corporate 
responsibility  initiatives  as  an  extension  of  its  core 
purpose:  The  Group  aims  to  leave  the  communities  in 
which it does business better than it found them.

IDH  commits  up  to  1%  of  the  net  after-tax  profit  of  the 
subsidiaries  Al  Borg  and  Al  Mokhtabar  to  the  Moamena 
Kamel  Foundation  for  Training  and  Skill  Development. 
The Foundation was established in 2006 by Dr. Moamena 
Kamel,  a  Professor  of  Pathology  at  Cairo  University  and 
founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs and mother 
of the CEO, Dr. Hend El Sherbini. The Foundation allocates 
this sum to organisations and groups in need of assistance, 
with a particular focus on making a difference in the lives 
of  residents  of  Cairo’s  Al  Duweiqa  community  along  with 
several  other  villages  across  Egypt.  The  Foundation  de-
ploys an integrated program and vision for the communi-
ties it helps that include economic, social and healthcare 
development initiatives. In 2016, EGP 2.7 million was paid 
to the foundation by the IDH Group; the comparable figure 
for 2015 was EGP 0.8 million.

The foundation’s primary services include:

1

2

3

4

5

Free healthcare clinics

Loans for entrepreneurial women

Educational  services  for  the  children  of  Al 
Duweiqa community

Providing  food  for  families  in  need  of  such 
assistance

Coverage of running costs for the intensive 
care unit (ICU) at Cairo’s public-sector Kasr 
El  Aini  Hospital,  including  the  purchase  of 
consumables  for  the  unit,  donations  of  in-
struments and allowances for staff training, 
among other costs. 

40

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

41

Corporate 
Governance

IDH is committed to  
implementing best 
practices in corporate 
governance through the 
expertise of both the 
individual Directors and 
outside parties.

42

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

43

Corporate Governance

Board  
of Directors

The majority of members of IDH’s Board of Directors are independent and offer 
significant experience in the healthcare market, MENA region and investment 
activities.

lord St John of Bletso (age 59)
Independent non-executive Chairman

Lord St John has been a crossbencher in the House of Lords, UK Parliament, since 
1978 and is an Extra Lord-in-Waiting to HM Queen Elizabeth II. He is currently non-
executive chairman of Strand Hanson Ltd and Global Resources Investment Trust 
(GRIT) and serves as a director of Falcon Group and Albion Enterprise VCT. He is also 
a member of the advisory boards of 10Sat, Betway Group, ECO Capacity Exchange 
and Impala Energy. Lord St John received a BA (Law) and BSocSc (Psychology) from 
Cape Town University, BProc (Law) from the University of South Africa and an LLM 
from the LSE, London.

prof. Dr. Hend el Sherbini (age 48)
Group Chief executive officer

Dr. El Sherbini is a professor of clinical pathology at the Faculty of Medicine, Cairo 
University and currently sits on the board of American Society of Clinical Pathol-
ogy (Egypt) and consults on the international certification process. She received 
her  MBBCh,  Masters  in  Clinical  and  Chemical  Pathology,  PhD  in  Immunology 
from Cairo University, and an Executive MBA from London Business School. Dr. 
El Sherbini served as CEO of Al Mokhtabar since 2004, until becoming CEO of the 
Group in 2012.

Hussein Choucri (age 66) 
Independent non-executive Director and Chairman of the remuneration Committee

Mr.  Choucri  is  Chairman  and  Managing  Director  of  HC  Securities  &  Investment, 
which he established in May 1996, and he currently sits on the boards of Edita Food 
Industries, Six of October Development and Investment Co. (SODIC), the Holding 
Company for Tourism, Hotels & Cinema and the Egyptian British Business Council. 
Mr.  Choucri  served  as  a  Managing  Director  of  Morgan  Stanley  from  1987  to  1993 
and served as Advisory Director at Morgan Stanley from 1993-2007. He received his 
Management Diploma from the American University in Cairo in 1978.

James patrick nolan (age 56) 
Independent non-executive Director and Chairman of the audit and M&a Committees

Mr. Nolan is an Independent Director. He spent 15 years with Royal Philips NV, lat-
terly as Head of Mergers & Acquisitions, and has also served as Head of Mergers & 
Acquisitions at Veon Inc., a major mobile telecoms operator in Emerging Markets. 
During  his  time  at  Philips,  he  led  a  series  of  acquisitions  in  diagnostic  imaging, 
an area in which Philips is now a global leader. He has extensive quoted-company 
board experience having served on the boards of M*Modal Inc., Navteq Inc and SHL 
Telemedicine Ltd. Mr. Nolan graduated from Oxford University in Law in 1983 and 
is a qualified barrister in England and Wales. He also holds an MBA from INSEAD.

Dan olsson (age 51)
Independent non-executive Director

Mr. Olsson is CEO of the Team Olivia Group, a Swedish healthcare group. He has long 
and extensive international experience in the diagnostic sector, where he has served 
in a range of executive positions, among others as CEO of Unilabs Group in Geneva, 
Switzerland from 2007 to 2009 and has worked in the healthcare sector since 1999. 
Mr. Olsson studied economics at the University of Lund in Sweden.

richard Henry phillips (age 52) 
non-executive Director

Mr. Phillips is a founding partner of Actis LLP, the emerging markets private equity group. 
As Actis LLP is one of the Company’s major shareholders, Mr. Philips is not considered by 
the Board as being independent. He established the Actis Global Consumer Sector team 
and served as Head of Consumer for four years until becoming a member of the Actis 
Investment Committee. During the year he was responsible for the investment activity of 
Actis in North Africa and, latterly, Asia. Mr. Phillips is a director on the board of a number of 
companies including Edita Food Industries SAE, Emerging Markets Knowledge Holdings 
Ltd. and others. Mr. Phillips holds a degree in Economics from the University of Exeter.

ahmed Badreldin* (age 45)  
non-executive Director

Mr. Badreldin is a Partner at The Abraaj Group and oversees its investments in the 
Middle East and North Africa. He is currently vice chairman of North Africa Hospital 
Holdings, chairman of Spinneys Group, and a director on the board of a number of 
companies including Viking Oil Field Services, OMS, Stanford Marine Group and As-
sad. Prior to joining The Abraaj Group in 2008, he was a Director in Investment Bank-
ing at Barclays Capital in London in the Financial Sponsors and Leveraged Finance 
Team. Mr. Badreldin graduated in Mechanical Engineering and Business Administra-
tion from the American University in Cairo and holds an MBA from Cranfield School 
of Management in the UK with a focus on Strategy and Finance.

*  Mr. Badreldin resigned from the Board on 22 November 2016 as The Abraaj Group had ceased to 
be a shareholder of IDH.

44

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

45

Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance   
Report 

Your  Board  of  Directors  (“the  Board”)  is  responsible  for 
providing strong leadership and effective decision making, 
safeguarding in the process the interests of all shareholders 
of  Integrated  Diagnostics  Holdings.  Under  my  chairman-
ship, the Board has been resolute in providing oversight and 
guidance to senior management as the Group continues to 
execute its regional growth strategy.  

IDH has a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange 
and is thus not required to comply with the requirements 
of the 2014 U.K. Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”) 
as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, nor does IDH 
voluntarily comply with the Code. That said, it is the view 
of your Board that we continue our path of improving our 
corporate governance structure to adhere to best practices. 
We  strongly  believe  that  the  gradual  adoption  of  best  in-
dustry practices in governance will assist us in building a 
profitable and sustainable business as well as safeguarding 
shareholder interests.

We are compliant with Financial Conduct Authority Disclo-
sure Guidance and Transparency Rules (DTR) subchapters 
7.1  and  7.2,  which  set  out  certain  mandatory  disclosures: 
7.1  concerns  audit  committees  and  bodies  carrying  out 
equivalent  functions;  7.2  concerns  corporate  governance 
standards that are included in the Directors Report or, in 
this case, as part of the Strategic Review (DTR 7.2.1). 

To that end, we have an Audit Committee as well as Remu-
neration, Nomination  and Mergers  & Acquisitions  (M&A) 

Committees. The Board may establish additional commit-
tees  as  appropriate  going  forward.  This  Annual  Report 
includes  reports  from  both  the  Audit  and  Remuneration 
Committees.  The  Nomination  Committee  did  not  meet 
during the year. The new M&A Committee created in 2016 
met twice by telephone.

Your Board aims to work towards implementing best prac-
tices in corporate governance, calling on both the expertise 
of individual Directors as well as that of outside parties, in-
cluding legal counsel and global professional services firms.

Functioning of the Board
We  met  nine  times  as  a  Board  during  the  course  of  2016 
(twice in each of March and December and once in each of 
May, July, August, October and November). I was delighted 
to have had the opportunity to visit IDH’s main base of op-
erations in Cairo, Egypt, in summer 2016. During the visit, 
I engaged directly with senior management to discuss both 
the Group’s strategic plans and how management (includ-
ing our Chief Executive) is evolving the policies and proce-
dures necessary to continue the full institutionalisation of 
the business. 

The  Board  has  invested  significant  time  discussing  and 
evaluating  the  Group’s  strategy  and  prospects  for  future 
growth,  the  outcome  of  which  is  presented  in  our  state-
ment of strategy on page 26. We are confident that we have 
in place the right strategy and the right management team 
to deliver shareholder returns going forward. 

Composition of the Board
Under  its  Articles  of  Association,  the  Group  must  have  a 
minimum  of  two  Directors.  While  there  is  no  maximum 
number  of  Directors,  the  Board  presently  includes  six 
Board members and has no intention at present of appoint-
ing additional members. Notably, Directors have no share 
qualification, meaning they do not need to be shareholders 
of the Group in order to serve. 

I  am  pleased  to  report  that  we  have  four  Independent 
Non-Executive  Directors.  Together,  the  Directors  offer 
IDH a world standard mix of expertise in areas including 
strategy,  finance  and  medical  diagnostics  —  as  well  as 
diverse experience in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. 
We have relevant commercial and technical experience to 

help direct the Group as it delivers on its strategy in a very 
technical field and across rapidly changing geographies.

Following the sale of Abraaj Group's shareholding of IDH, 
Mr.  Ahmed  Badreldin  resigned  as  a  Non-Executive  Direc-
tor of the Board on 22 November 2016. The Board is most 
grateful to Mr. Badreldin for his valued service to IDH. His 
insights  and  market  experience  were  instrumental  to  the 
establishment  and  growth  of  the  Group.  The  Board  cur-
rently has no plan to replace Mr Badreldin.

Your  Board  in  2016  and  their  biographies  are  set  out  on 
pages 44 and 45 of this Annual Report and are summarised 
in the table below.

Name

position (Date of appointment)

Lord St John of Bletso

Independent Non-Executive Chairperson (12 January 2015)

Prof. Dr. Hend El Sherbini

Group Chief Executive Officer (23 December 2014)

Ahmed Badreldin2

Hussein Choucri

Non-Executive Director (5 December 2014)

Independent Non-Executive Director  (12 January 2015)

James Patrick Nolan

Independent Non-Executive Director (8 April 2015)

Dan Olsson

Independent Non-Executive Director (12 January 2015)

Richard Henry Phillips

Non-Executive Director (23 December 2014)

2 Mr. Badreldin resigned from the Board on 22 November 2016 as The Abraaj Group had ceased to be a shareholder of IDH.

46

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

47

  
Corporate Governance

leadership 
We continue to operate on the basis of a clear division of 
responsibilities between the role of the Chairman and that 
of the Group Chief Executive. This segregation of roles was 
agreed at the Board meeting held 12 January 2015.  

As Chairman, I ensure the Board is effective in the execu-
tion of all aspects of its role. The Group Chief Executive 
Officer,  meanwhile,  is  responsible  for  managing  the 
day-to-day  running  of  the  business.  In  this,  she  is  sup-
ported by a senior management team. The Group Chief 
Executive  and  I  have  a  good  working  relationship  and 
discuss  matters  of  Group  strategy  and  performance  on 
an as-needed basis. 

We also work together to ensure that Board meetings cover 
relevant matters, including a quarterly review of financial 
and operational performance (including key performance 
indicators), and in partnership with the Group secretary 
ensure that all Directors:  

•	 are kept advised of key developments;
•	 receive  accurate,  timely  and  clear  information  upon 

which to call in the execution of their duties; and
•	 actively participate in the decision-making process. 

Agendas  for  meetings  of  the  Board  are  reviewed  and 
agreed  in  advance  to  ensure  each  Board  meeting  is  effi-
ciently run, allowing all Directors to openly and construc-
tively challenge the proposals made by the Group’s senior 
management. I am pleased to report that throughout the 
year,  each  Director  has  properly  exercised  those  powers 
with which they have been vested by the Group’s Articles 
of Association and relevant laws.

The Board operates under a Schedule of Matters Reserved, 
the details of which are unchanged since our last Annual 
Report.  Matters  reserved  to  the  Board  means  any  deci-
sion that may affect the overall direction, supervision and 
management of the Group, including, but not limited to:
a)  approving annually a strategic plan and objectives for 

the following year for the Group;

b)  approving any decision to cease to operate all or any 
material part of the Group’s business or to enter into 
any new business or geographic areas;

c)  monitoring the delivery of the Group’s strategy, objec-

tives, business plan and budget;

d)  engaging or otherwise contracting with agents, repre-
sentatives, consultants, distributors or other interme-
diaries to provide material services for or on behalf of 
the Group’s group;

e)  adopting  or  amending  the  Group’s  business  plan  or 

annual budget;

f )  incurring  any  capital  expenditure  in  respect  of  any 
item  or  project  of  more  than  EGP  5  million  that  is 
not  within  the  annual  budget  already  approved  by 
the Board;

g)  entering  into  any  contract,  liability  or  commitment 
that:  (i)  could  involve  a  liability  for  expenditure  in 
excess of EGP 25 million that is not within the annual 
budget already approved by the Board or (ii) is outside 
the  ordinary  course  of  business  of  the  Group,  unless 
a  contract  involves  costs  within  the  annual  budget 
and business plan already approved by the Board and 
satisfies such authorisation criteria as the Group may 
approve from time to time as part of the procedures 
for the Group;

h)  making any material acquisition or disposal (includ-
ing any grant of any material licence) of or relating to 
any intellectual property rights;

i)  decisions relating to the conduct (including the settle-
ment) of any legal proceedings to which any member 
of the Group’s group is a party where there is a poten-
tial liability or claim of more than EGP 100,000;

j)  approving  the  Group’s  statutory  accounts  and  half-
yearly financial statements and / or any change in the 
accounting  principles  or  tax  policies  of  any  member 
of the Group’s group and / or any change in the end of 
the financial year of any member of the Group’s group 
except  as  contemplated  by  the  business  plan  or  an-
nual  budget,  as  required  by  law  or  to  comply  with  a 
new accounting standard;

k)  adopting (or varying) the Group’s group material poli-
cies  in  respect  of  employees’  remuneration,  employ-
ment terms and/or pension schemes;

l)  any member of the Group’s group declaring or paying 

any dividend or distribution; 

m) delegating any of the Group’s powers to a committee 
of the Board, including setting the quorum for a meet-
ing  of  any  such  committee  or  approving  its,  or  any 
changes to its, terms of reference;

n)  approving  the  issue  of  all  circulars,  prospectuses, 
listing  particulars  and  general  meeting  notices  to 
shareholders of the Group;

o)  ensuring  the  Group  has  effective  systems  of  internal 
control and risk management in place by (i) approving 
the Group’s risk appetite statements and (ii) approv-
ing policies and procedures for the detection of fraud, 
the prevention of bribery and other areas considered 
by the Board to be material;

p)  undertaking  an  annual  review  of  the  effectiveness  of 
the  Group’s  risk  management  and  internal  control 
and  reporting  on  that  review  in  the  Group’s  annual 
report. The review should cover all controls, including 
financial,  operational  and  compliance  controls  and 
risk management; 

q)  carrying  out  a  robust  assessment  of  the  principal 
risks facing the Group, including those that threaten 
its business, future performance, solvency or liquidity 
and to report on such assessment in the Group’s an-
nual report; and

r)  reviewing  the  Group’s  overall  corporate  governance 
arrangements and approving any changes thereto.

Apart  from  these  Reserved  matters,  the  Board  delegates 
specific items to its principal committees, namely the com-
mittees  on  Audit,  Remuneration,  Nominations  and  M&A. 
Each  Committee  is  authorised  to  seek  any  information  it 
requires from senior management.

I provide brief recaps below on each of these committees. 
Reports from the Chairmen of the Audit and Remuneration 
committees appear starting pages 54 and 58, respectively, of 
this Annual Report, respectively.

Board activities during 2016
Your Board of Directors held nine meetings in 2016: three 
in London, one in Jersey, one in Cairo, one via conference 
call  and  three  ad-hoc  meetings  by  teleconference  during 
the course of the year. 
The following standing items are considered at each meeting:
•	 Determines  that  notice  was  given  and  that  a  quorum 

for the meeting has been obtained;

•	 Hears  declarations  of  interest  and  considers  any  con-

flicts of interest that may arise; and
•	 Establishes the purpose of the meeting.
•	 Reviews and approves minutes of the previous meeting 

of the Board.

Details  of  our  Directors’  attendance  at  Board  and  Com-
mittee meetings are shown on the table on page 52. In the 

event that any Director is unable to attend a meeting of 
the Board or of a Committee of which they are a member, 
he or she receives the necessary papers, including agen-
das, meeting outcomes and any documents presented for 
review or information. Furthermore, I endeavour to dis-
cuss with them in advance of the meeting to obtain their 
views and decisions on the proposals to be considered.  

The  Board  held  one  meeting  in  Egypt  in  2016  to  afford 
all  Directors  the  opportunity  to  tour  the  Group’s  Egypt 
offices  and  diagnostic  facilities  as  well  as  to  meet  with 
members  of  the  Group’s  senior  management  on  an  as-
needed basis. We will continue this practice in 2017.

Within  the  wider  corporate  governance  framework, 
management  established  in  2016  a  Management  Com-
mittee led by the Chief Executive. Its members include all 
heads  of  departments,  and  it  meets  every  second  week 
to discuss issues related to sales, manual analysis units, 
automated  analysis  units,  human  resources,  finance, 
marketing,  quality  and  investor  relations.  The  Group’s 
general  counsel  also  attends  these  meetings  on  an  as-
needed  basis.  Senior  management  uses  this  as  a  forum 
to  review  upcoming  priorities,  recent  performance,  and 
the  operational  steps  necessary  to  ensure  the  manage-
ment team delivers on its business goals and the Group’s 
strategic plan.

Meeting

Highlights

18 March 2016
(Held at 2 More London  
Riverside, London)

Discussion of business developments including financial and operational highlights. 
Discussion of the foreign currency situation and macro backdrop in Egypt. Review of 
year-to-date financial highlights. Approval of the hiring of an internal auditor.

24 March 2016
(Via conference call)

Approval  of  the  Group’s  Annual  Report  and  Financial  Statements  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2015, recommendation to shareholders of a final dividend 
for approval at the AGM.

10 May 2016
(Held in St. Helier, Jersey)

Review  of  key  operational  and  financial  performance  indicators,  discussion  of 
strategy and business opportunities going forward.

6 July 2016
(Held at 310 Harbour Yard, 
Chelsea Harbour, London)

Review of the Group’s performance and discussion following a site visit to Cairo. 
Review of business strategy and key performance indicators. Discussion of the 
budget for the year.

22 August 2016
(Held in Cairo, Egypt)

22 November 2016
(Held at 2 More London  
Riverside, London)

Approval to establish Mergers and Acquisitions committee. Discussion of busi-
ness developments in Egypt, including the macro-economic backdrop as well as 
a review of the half-year’s priorities with management. Approval of the Group’s 
Interim Financial Statements for the period to 30 June 2016

Discussion of 2017 budget and review of Financial Statements for Group’s Egyptian 
subsidiaries. Discussion of business strategy and recent developments. 

48

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

49

 
Corporate Governance

effectiveness 
The  Board  of  IDH  does  not  currently  have  formal  mecha-
nisms  in  place  to  evaluate  its  effectiveness  as  regards  to 
the  on-boarding  of  new  Directors,  strategic  planning  or 
its formulation of goals. That said, having spent consider-
able  time  in  both  formal  meetings  and  in  learning  about 
the  skills  of  our  Directors  one  on  one  —  and  drawing  on 
my  past  experience  as  a  Director  —  I  am  confident  that 
the Board has the skills, talent and industry knowledge it 
needs to effectively deliver the Group’s agreed strategy. It is, 
moreover, our hope that we will over time develop formal 
evaluation mechanisms that will allow us to report on our 
effectiveness in a more rigorous manner. 

In  the  interim,  it  is  my  considered  judgement  that  the 
Board  receives  from  senior  management  sufficiently 
detailed  budgets,  forecasts,  strategy  proposals,  reviews  of 
the Group’s financial position and operating performance, 
and  annual  and  half  yearly  reports  to  ensure  that  it  may 
be effective. This enables us to effectively ask questions of 
senior management and to hold discussions on the Group’s 
strategy  and  performance.  In  2016,  senior  management 
delivered  regular  reports  to  the  Board  ahead  of  regularly 
scheduled Board meetings.

All  meetings  of  the  Board  and  its  Committees  are  min-
uted by the Group Secretary or a designated alternate. Any 
concerns  raised  by  Directors  are  clearly  recorded  in  the 
minutes  of  each  meeting.  I  review  Board  minutes  in  my 
capacity as Chairman before these minutes are circulated 
to all Directors in attendance and then tabled for approval 
at the next meeting, at which time any necessary amend-
ments are made.

The Group has obtained customary directors’ and officers’ 
indemnity insurance covering the Chairman and the Non-
Executive Directors.

overview of the nomination Committee
Chairman

Members

Lord St John of Bletso

Hussein Choucri

Dan Olsson

The Nomination Committee assists the Board in reviewing 
the structure, size and composition of the Board. It is also 
responsible  for  reviewing  succession  plans  for  the  Direc-
tors, including the Chairman and Chief Executive and other 
senior  management.  The  Nomination  Committee  did  not 
meet in 2016.

I note in this instance that all members of the Nomination 
Committee  are  Non-Executive  Directors.  As  a  result,  we 
are  fully  compliant  with  the  Code’s  recommendation  that 
a majority of the Nomination Committee should comprise 
Independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  Hussein  Choucri 

50

IDH annual report 2016  

is deemed to be our Non-Executive Director with relevant 
financial experience in compliance with the DTR.

overview of the remuneration Committee
Chairman

Members

Hussein Choucri

Dan Olsson

James Patrick Nolan

The  Remuneration  Committee  recommends  the  Group’s 
policy  on  executive  remuneration,  determines  the  levels 
of remuneration for Executive Directors and the Chairman 
and other senior management and prepares an annual re-
muneration report for approval by the Shareholders at the 
Annual General Meeting. 

The Code recommends that the Remuneration Committee 
should comprise, in the case of smaller companies, at least 
two  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  As  all  of  the 
members of the Committee are Independent Non-Executive 
Directors, we are in full compliance with the recommenda-
tions of the Code in this respect.

The  Remuneration  Committee  met  on  4  July  2016.  The 
complete report of the Remuneration Committee for 2016 
appears starting on page 58.

overview of the M&a Committee
Members
Chairman

James Patrick Nolan

Dan Olsson

Hussein Choucri

The Committee was established under the Chairmanship of 
James Nolan on 29 September 2016 in order to formalise the 
process  for  developing  strategies  for  non-organic  growth 
and to review the management team’s work on evaluating 
potential acquisition opportunities. The Committee met by 
telephone twice in the year together with other members of 
the Board. Mr. Nolan is joined on the Committee by Hussein 
Choucri, Chairman and Managing Director of HC Securities 
& Investment in Egypt.

overview of the audit Committee
Members
Chairman

James Patrick Nolan

Dan Olsson

Hussein Choucri

The Audit Committee’s role is to assist the Board with the 
discharge  of  its  responsibilities  in  relation  to  financial 
reporting,  including:  reviewing  the  Group’s  annual  and 
half-year financial statements and accounting policies and 

internal  and  external  audits  and  controls;  reviewing  and 
monitoring  the  independence  and  scope  of  the  annual 
audit and the extent of the non-audit work undertaken by 
external auditors; advising on the appointment of external 
auditors;  and  reviewing  the  effectiveness  of  the  internal 
audit, internal controls, whistleblowing and fraud systems 
in place within the Group. The Audit Committee will meet 
not less than three times a year. 

The  Code  requires  that  at  least  one  member  of  the  Audit 
Committee  be  independent  and  that  at  least  one  member 
has competence in accounting and /or auditing. In addition, 
the  Code  recommends  that  the  Audit  Committee  should 
comprise,  in  the  case  of  smaller  companies,  at  least  two 
Independent Non-Executive Directors and that at least one 
member  has  recent  and  relevant  financial  experience  and 
that  members  of  the  Committee  must  have  competence 
relevant to the sector in which the Group is operating. The 
Board  considers  that  the  Audit  Committee  complies  with 
the  requirements  and  recommendations  of  the  Code  in 
those respects. 

The  full  report  of  the  Audit  Committee  for  2016  appears 
starting on page 54 of this Annual Report.

Internal Control and risk Management
Given  the  business  and  geographies  in  which  the  Group 
operates, I believe as Chairman that risk mitigation will be 
key not just to the creation and preservation of shareholder 
value,  but  in  the  Group’s  growth  going  forward. The  Com-
pany’s risk matrix, outlined on pages 28-32, is of sufficiently 
vital importance that it must be owned equally by the man-
agement team and members of the Board. 

Our view as a Board is that the Group must be proactive on 
risk in order to meet shareholder expectations, and I have 
advised that I expect the IDH management team to be ahead 
of the curve in this area. Senior management is working with 
the internal audit team to take the risk register forward. You 
may expect risk and its mitigation will be a theme to which 
your Board returns repeatedly in 2017, as we did in 2016. 

The Board has ultimate responsibility for the Group’s inter-
nal controls; however, they have delegated oversight of the 
Group’s system of internal controls to the Audit Committee 
so as to safeguard the assets of the Group and the interests 
of shareholders. The Audit Committee thus reviews the ef-
fectiveness  of  the  Group’s  internal  controls  on  an  ongoing 
basis  to  ensure  the  keeping  of  proper  accounting  records, 
safeguarding  the  assets  of  the  Group  and  detecting  fraud 
and other irregularities. The Audit Committee reports back 
to the Board with their findings and recommendations. 

The Board has accordingly established that the Group has 
in place internal controls to manage risk including:

•	 the  outsourcing  of  the  internal  audit  function  to  pro-
fessionals  from  Ernst  &  Young  (EY)  until  an  Internal 

Auditor was appointed for the Group on 16 May 2016;
•	 the identification and management of risk at the level 
of operating departments by the heads of those depart-
ments; and

•	 regular  Board  level  discussion  of  the  major  business 
risks of the Group, together with measures being taken 
to contain and mitigate those risks.

The Group’s principal risks and uncertainties and mitigation 
for them are set out on pages 28-32 of this Annual Report.

Your Board has furthermore put in place a control frame-
work  at  the  Group  level  that  applies  to  all  subsidiaries, 
including:

•	 Board approval of the overall Group budget and stra-

tegic plans;

•	 a clear organisational structure delineating lines of re-
sponsibility, authorities and reporting requirements;

•	 defined expenditure authorisation levels;
•	 a regular process for operational reviews at the senior 
management level on a weekly, monthly and quarterly 
basis covering all aspects of the business;

•	 a  strategic  planning  process  that  defines  the  key 
steps senior management must take to deliver on the 
Group’s long term strategy;

•	 a comprehensive system of financial reporting includ-
ing  weekly  flash  reports  to  management,  monthly 
reporting  to  management  and  an  annual  budget 
process  involving  both  senior  management  and  the 
Board. The Board received reports on a quarterly basis 
in 2016. 

•	 as part of the reporting process in 2016, management 
reviewed  monthly  and  year-to-date  actual  results 
against  prior  year,  against  budget  and  against  fore-
cast; beginning 2016, these reports were circulated to 
the Board. Any significant changes and adverse vari-
ances are reviewed by the Group Chief Executive and 
by  senior  management  and  remedial  action  is  taken 
where appropriate.

An  internal  audit  plan  for  2016  was  prepared  and  agreed 
with the Audit Committee.

Investor relations
Engagement  with  shareholders  continues  to  be  a  key 
function  at  both  the  senior  management  and  the  Board 
level.  Our  investor  relations  function  held  more  than  50 
meetings with current and potential investors during the 
course  of  the  year.  Management  met  investors  at  seven 
investor  conferences  organised  by  CI  Capital  (Cairo  and 
New  York;  counted  as  one  conference),  EFG  Hermes 
(Dubai  and  London;  two  separate  conferences),  Renais-
sance  Capital  (Cape  Town),  Arqaam  Capital  (Dubai), 
HSBC  (London)  and,  Deutsche  Bank  (Dubai);  welcomed 
potential and current investors to meetings in Cairo; and 
handled queries, whether delivered verbally or in writing, 
from more than 70 investors.

IDH annual report 2016  

51

 
 
Corporate Governance

We  published  both  half-  and  full-year  results  and  further 
released trading updates on performance at the three- and 
nine-month  periods.  We  intend  to  continue  publishing 
trading  updates  at  the  first-  and  third-quarter  marks  in 
2017, while simultaneously meeting the minimum regula-
tory disclosure as required of a UK Standard listed entity. 

The Board communicates with shareholders through pub-
lic announcements disseminated via the London Stock Ex-
change, analyst briefings, roadshows and press interviews. 
Copies of public announcements and financial results are 
published on the Group’s website, along with a number of 
other investor relations tools. The delivery of a richer inves-
tor relations website with additional shareholder tools is a 
priority for senior management in 2017. 

The  Board  receives  regular  updates  from  the  senior  man-
agement  team  on  the  views  of  major  shareholders  and 
on  milestones  in  the  investor  relations  program.  We  will 
continue  throughout  2017  to  grow  our  investor  relations 
program to ensure that our shareholders and stakeholders 
remain informed of the Group’s strategy and ongoing finan-
cial and business performance.

annual reporting and annual General Meeting of 
Shareholders
We typically publish our Annual Report in March in respect 
of the prior year ended 31 December. 

All Board members are scheduled to attend the upcoming 
AGM.  Details  of  the  AGM  are  included  in  the  Notice  of 
Meeting that accompanies this Annual Report and which 
is available on our website.

At the AGM, all of the Group’s Directors will retire and sub-
mit themselves for re-election. 

The outcome of the voting at the AGM will be announced 
by way of a London Stock Exchange announcement and full 
details will be published on the Group’s website shortly after 
the AGM. 

limitations of this report
As  I  noted  earlier,  the  Group  is  not  bound  to  adhere  to 
the requirements of the 2014 UK Code of Corporate Gov-
ernance.  Nevertheless,  we  have  endeavoured  to  ensure 
that this Annual Report is, as a whole, fair, balanced and 
understandable.

In formulating this Annual Report, we have called on the 
Group  Chief  Executive  and  her  senior  management  staff 
to  provide  us  with  clear  documentary  evidence  of  the 
Group’s  performance  and  policies  for  2016.  The  Audit 
Committee  has  confirmed  to  us  that  the  financial  state-
ments  as  contained  in  the  2016  Annual  Report  are  true 
and fair and that the work of the external auditor has been 
accurate and effective.

The Group’s second Annual General Meeting as a listed com-
pany will be held in London on 22 May 2017. Shareholders are 
encouraged to attend the AGM and to ask questions about 
the  business,  its  financial  performance  and  its  strategy. 

Lord St John of Bletso
Chairman
21 March 2017

table of Director attendance at 2016 Meetings

Number of meetings
Directors

Lord St John of Bletso

Dr. Hend El Sherbini
Ahmed Badreldin*
Hussein Choucri

James Nolan

Dan Olsson

Richard Phillips

Board

9 

9

9

4

9

9

8

8

Audit

3 

-

-

-

3

3

3

-

Remuneration

Nominations

1

-

-

-

1

1

1

-

0

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

*  Prior to his resignation from the Board on 22 November 2016, Ahmed Badreldin attended 4 of 5 meetings while a member.

52

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

53

Corporate Governance

Audit Committee   
Report

2017  marks  my  second  year  as  Chairman  of  the  Audit 
Committee, having been appointed to that role owing to 
my relevant financial experience as required by the Code. 
I  have  served  on  the  audit  committees  of  three  publicly 
quoted companies in the past. I have held the positions of 
Global Head of Mergers & Acquisitions both at Veon and 
at Royal Philips. I hold an MBA from INSEAD and studied 
law  at  university.  The  other  members  of  the  Committee 
have  a  broad  range  of  appropriate  skills  and  experience 
covering  financial  and  healthcare  industry  matters  and 
their  biographies  are  summarised  on  pages  44-45.  I  am 
very  grateful  for  their  valuable  contributions  and  am 
happy that we work well together as a team.

During 2016, the Audit Committee convened three times, 
twice in March and once in August. We provided govern-
ance  of  external  financial  reporting,  risk  management 
and  internal  controls  and  reported  our  findings  and 
recommendations  to  the  Board.  Outside  of  scheduled 
committee  meetings,  the  Audit  Committee  also  com-
municated throughout 2016 on an as-needed basis with 
the Group Chief Financial Officer and with KPMG as our 
external auditors.  

The  audit  partner  and  audit  manager  from  the  Group’s 
external auditor, KPMG, are invited to attend meetings of 
the Committee on a regular basis. During 2016, they at-
tended meetings in whole or in part, both in person and 
by  telephone.  The  Vice-President  Finance  and  Strategy, 
who is not a member of the executive board, attends our 
meetings by invitation, and other members of the senior 
management team attend as required; these include the 
Director of Investor Relations and the Group Secretary. 

There are also private meetings between the Audit Com-
mittee and the external auditor outside the half-year and 
year  end  timetable  at  which  senior  management  is  not 
present. The Committee will continue with the practice of 
meeting in private with the external auditor in the future.

At our Board Meeting in August 2016, the Audit Commit-
tee approved the Internal Audit Activity Charter as well as 
the appointment of Mr Ashraf Hallaba as Internal Auditor 
reporting to the Audit Committee. The role reports func-
tionally  to  the  Audit  Committee  and  administratively  to 
the  Chief  Executive  Officer.  Since  inception,  the  Internal 
Auditor  has  been  building  a  team,  writing  a  manual  on 

James Nolan 
Chairman, audit Committee

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing IDH’s 
internal financial reporting and ensuring the integrity of 
the  Group’s  financial  statements.  The  Committee  is  also 
responsible  for  reviewing  and  monitoring  the  effective-
ness of the Group’s risk management processes and inter-
nal controls, as well as for ensuring that audit processes 
are robust.

At the date of this report, the Audit Committee comprises 
three Non-Executive Directors, all of whom are considered 
independent. In addition to myself, the members are Dan 
Olsson and Hussein Choucri.

operations, reviewing process of key functions within the 
Company  and  discussing  the  same  with  the  Company’s 
management. The Internal Auditor delivered his first com-
prehensive overview of activities to the Audit Committee 
at the 21 March 2017 meeting of the Audit Committee, and 
will continue to do so at all future meetings of the Com-
mittee. I am pleased with the progress made on develop-
ing this role to date. 

FrC audit Quality review 
The  FRC  is  the  UK’s  independent  regulator  responsible 
for  promoting  high-quality  corporate  governance  and 
reporting to foster investment. The FRC’s responsibilities 
include  independent  monitoring  of  audits  of  listed  and 
certain  other  public  interest  entities  performed  by  firms 
registered  to  conduct  audits  in  the  UK  by  a  Recognised 
Supervisory Body ( further details are set out on the FRC’s 
website). This monitoring is performed by the FRC’s Audit 
Quality Review (‘AQR’) team. The reviews of individual au-
dit engagements are intended to contribute to safeguard-
ing and promoting improvement in the overall quality of 
auditing in the UK.

During the year, the Company’s auditor was subject to the 
FRC Audit Quality Review of the Company’s Consolidated 
Financial  Statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December 
2015.  The  assessment  of  the  audit  work  by  the  FRC  was 
category 1 ‘good’.  There were no points arising from the 
review, which need to be addressed by the Audit Commit-
tee or the Company.

roles and Duties of the audit Committee
The Audit Committee’s role is to assist the Board with the 
discharge  of  its  responsibilities  in  relation  to  financial 
reporting, including:

During its scheduled meetings, the Committee also con-
siders the following matters:

•	 confirm  compliance  with  Directors’  duties  and  con-

sider any new conflicts of interest;
•	 review minutes of previous meetings;
•	 review actions from previous meetings; and
•	 review progress against current year objectives.

audit Committee activities During 2016
During  2016  the  Audit  Committee  had  three  scheduled 
meetings; two were held in March and one was held in Au-
gust. At each scheduled meeting, the Committee considers 
the  matters  outlined  above  under  the  subheading  “Roles 
and Duties of the Audit Committee.”

17 March 2016

•	 Overview of the 2015 audit of the Company
•	 Identification and discussion of key risk factors, includ-
ing the impairment of goodwill, lease accounting, rev-
enue  recognition,  management  override  controls  and 
foreign exchange issues

•	 Discussion of dividend policy
•	 Discussion  of  further  voluntary  compliance  with  the 

UK Governance Code

•	 Decision  to  recommend  proposed  UK  listing  compli-

ance services to the Board 

24 March 2016

•	 Update on and review of the Annual Report and finan-
cial statements for the year ended 31 December 2015
•	 Letter  of  Representation  recommended  to  the  Board 

for signature

•	 Final dividend recommended to the Board

22 August 2016

•	 reviewing  the  Group’s  annual  and  half-year  financial 

•	 Consideration of half-year financials for the period to 

statements;

30 June 2016

•	 reviewing  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  internal 

and external audits and controls;

•	 reviewing and monitoring the scope of the annual au-
dit and the extent of the non-audit work undertaken 
by external auditors; and 

•	 advising  on  the  appointment  of  external  auditors 
and reviewing the effectiveness of the internal audit, 
internal  controls,  whistleblowing  and  fraud  systems 
in place within the Group.

•	 Identification and discussion of key risk factors includ-
ing  the  impairment  of  goodwill,  lease  accounting, 
hyperinflation and foreign currency availability
•	 Recommendation to the Board on half-year results 
•	 Approval  of  KPMG’s  letter  of  engagement,  including 

audit fees for 2016

•	 Approval of the Group’s “Internal Audit Charter”
•	 Approval of the appointment of Mr. Ashraf Hallaba as 

Internal Auditor

54

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

55

Corporate Governance

Significant Issues
The Committee considered several significant accounting 
issues, matters and judgements in relation to the Group’s 
financial  statements  and  disclosures  for  the  year  ended 
31 December 2016. As part of the half-year and full-year 
reporting  process,  management  communicates  key  ac-
counting issues to the Committee, and the external audi-
tor  is  asked  to  comment  on  the  key  significant  areas  of 
accounting  judgement  and  disclosure.  The  information 

Issue

How it is being addressed

presented  is  used  by  the  Committee  to  critically  review 
and  assess  the  key  policies  and  judgements  that  have 
been applied, the consistency of policy application from 
year  to  year  and  the  appropriateness  of  key  disclosures 
made, together with compliance with the applicable ac-
counting  standards.  The  significant  issues  arising  and  a 
description of how each was addressed are shown in the 
following table.

Finance lease 
accounting

The contracts entered into during 2015 for the supply of medical testing kits with the key suppliers to the 
business (Siemens, BM (Sysmex) and Roche) include the provision of the equipment to analyse the results 
of the testing kits.  The agreements have minimum annual commitment payments to cover the supply 
of medical diagnostic equipment, kits and chemicals to be used for testing and ongoing maintenance 
and support services. The agreement periods are for 5-8 years. Under IAS 17 ‘Leases,’ these agreements 
were judged to meet the definition of a finance lease arrangement. The Committee critically reviewed the 
accounting treatment along with the significant judgement and estimates during 2016. 

The  Committee  has  re-evaluated  the  currency  denomination  of  the  finance  lease  agreements  during 
2016 in response to the significant devaluation of Egyptian pound against the US dollar. The Committee 
deemed the Siemens and Roche contracts to be US dollar denominated. Under IAS 21, the US dollar fi-
nance lease liability at 31 December 2016 will need to be retranslated into the Egyptian pound functional 
currency using the year end spot rate. The increase in the finance lease liability caused by the foreign 
exchange loss is recognised in the Profit and Loss Account.

Impairment of 
intangible assets

The carrying value of goodwill is subject to annual impairment testing undertaken by management, who 
apply a series of assumptions concerning future revenue and cash flows and appropriate discount rates 
for Cash Generating Units (CGU). Management presented the outcome of the impairment review to the 
Audit  Committee,  highlighting  the  level  of  headroom.  The  external  auditor  also  commented  on  this. 
The Committee critically reviewed management’s assessment of the outlook and carrying value of these 
intangible assets and their disclosure in the Group’s financial statements.

The Committee concurred with management’s conclusion that the carrying value of goodwill attributed 
to each CGU was fully supported, and no impairment is required at 31 December 2016.

external auditor
KPMG  has  acted  as  the  Group’s  external  auditor  since 
appointment in July 2015, with Mr. Adrian Wilcox having 
been  appointed  audit  partner.  The  Auditor’s  independ-
ence  was  considered  by  the  Committee  during  the  year 
and  following  careful  consideration,  it  was  agreed  that 
the  Auditors  remained  independent.  We  aim  to  comply 
with  the  requirement  to  rotate  the  audit  partner  every 
five years, and thus the term of appointment of our audit 
partner is expected to end in 2020. 

In acknowledgment of the Competition and Markets Au-
thority’s proposal that companies must put their statutory 
audit engagement out to tender at least every ten years, it 
is possible that we will tender the audit process in 2025, 
or  earlier  if  KPMG’s  performance  falls  short  of  the  Audit 
Committee’s expectations.

provision of non-audit Services
IDH  may,  on  occasion,  retain  the  external  auditor  for 
non-audit  services  on  matters  including  accounting 
advice  in  relation  to  acquisitions  and  divestments,  cor-
porate governance and risk management advice, among 
other services.  

The  Audit  Committee  reviewed  the  work  completed  by 
the external auditor, as well as the provision of non-audit 
services to ensure that the auditor maintained its inde-
pendence.  The  Audit  Committee  confirms  that  during 
2016, £60,000 was paid to KPMG in respect of non-audit 
work compared to the audit fee for the Group financial 
statements  for  the  year  ended  31  December  2016  of 
£200,000  (audit  fee  for  the  Group  financial  statements 
for  the  year  ended  31  December  2015:  £230,000).  This 
non-audit work was related to the review of the half year 
financial statements. 

recommendation
Ultimately,  it  is  the  Board’s  responsibility  to  review  and 
approve the Group’s full-year and half-year financial state-
ments, as well as to determine that, taken as a whole, the 
Annual Report is balanced, understandable and provides 
the information necessary for shareholders to assess the 
Group’s  position  and  performance,  business  model  and 
strategy.  It  is  the  Audit  Committee’s  role  to  assist  the 
Board  in  discharging  its  responsibilities  with  regards 
to  financial  reporting,  external  and  internal  audits  and 
controls.  Following  a  review  of  the  process  around  the 
annual audit and the content of the financial statements, 
the Audit Committee advised the Board at its meeting on 
21 March 2017 that is was their opinion that the financial 
statements  as  at  31  December  2016  provide  a  true  and 
fair  view  of  the  financial  performance  of  the  Group  and 
recommend that it be adopted by the Board and recom-
mended to shareholders for approval at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting.

The Audit Committee has recommended to the Board that 
the  Auditors  be  put  forward  for  re-election  at  the  forth-
coming Annual General Meeting. The Committee arrived 
at this recommendation after having: met with the Audit 
partner and Audit team; reviewed the quality of the Audi-
tors’  reports  and  the  quality  of  the  work  undertaken  in 
respect of the half-yearly and Annual Report; considered 
the  Audit  fees  of  both  Audit  and  Non-Audit  work;  and 
reviewed the Auditors’ independence.

James Nolan
Chairman of the audit Committee
21 March 2017

56

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

57

Corporate Governance

Remuneration Committee   
Report

an annual bonus of EGP 450,000. She will also be eligible to 
participate in such annual discretionary bonus scheme and 
long term incentive arrangements as may be established for 
Executive Directors of the Group. This remuneration is set 
forth in a service agreement between Dr. El Sherbini and the 
Group that also outlines additional taxable benefits, holiday 
leave, the mechanism for reimbursement of expenses, and 
the  conditions  under  which  the  agreement  may  be  termi-
nated by her or by the Group. 

On  4  July  2016,  Dr.  El  Sherbini’s  service  agreement  was 
amended to facilitate the ease of payment, so as to allow Dr. 
El  Sherbini  to  elect  to  receive  her  Annual  Award  as  either 
cash or as a payment of Ordinary Shares in the Company.  

Chairman:  Lord  St  John  of  Bletso  is  entitled  to  receive  an 
annual salary of US$75,000. He is entitled to the reimburse-
ment of reasonable expenses.

Independent  Non-Executive  Directors:  Hussein  Choucri, 
James Patrick Nolan and Dan Olsson have been engaged by 
the  Group  as  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors  under 
letters of appointment. They are each entitled to an annual 
fee of US$50,000. The Independent Non-Executive Directors 
are all entitled to the reimbursement of reasonable expenses.

Ahmed Badreldin resigned as an Independent Non-Executive 
Director as of 22 November 2016.

Non-Executive Directors: Richard Henry Phillips has been 
engaged by the Group as a Non-Executive Director under 
letter of appointment. He will not be entitled to receive 
any fee from the Group for this role. The Non-Executive 
Directors  are  all  entitled  to  the  reimbursement  of  rea-
sonable expenses.

Hussein Choucri
Chairman of the remuneraton Committee
21 March 2017

Hussein Choucri 
Chairman of the remuneraton Committee

In this report from the Remuneration Committee, I outline 
on  behalf  of  my  colleagues  and  myself  the  basis  on  which 
Directors and select members of senior management will be 
remunerated for their service in 2016. 

A detailed discussion of the basis on which the aforemen-
tioned (as well as one key member of senior management) 
were  remunerated  for  their  service  in  2016  appears  below 
and is summarised in tabular form on page 59.

Director Compensation in 2016
Executive Director: The Board has approved that Dr. Hend El 
Sherbini will receive an annual salary of US$450,000. In each 
financial year of the Group, Dr. El Sherbini will also receive 

remuneration of Directors in 2016 (all figures in eGp)3

Figures in EGp

Executive Director

Dr. Hend El Sherbini4
Non-Executive Directors

Lord St John of Bletso5

Hussein Choucri5

James Nolan5

Dan Olsson5

Richard Phillips6

Ahmed Badreldin7

Base salary / 
fees 2016

Base salary / 
fees 2015

Annual bonus 
2016

Annual Bonus 
2015

Total 
2016

Total
2015

3,898,322

3,458,250

450,000

450,000

4,348,322

3,908,250

761,565

507,710

507,710

507,710

-

253,855

583,500

389,000

389,000

389,000

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

761,565

507,710

507,710

507,710

-

253,855

583,500

389,000

389,000

389,000

-

-

3 There are no taxable benefits, corporate pensions or long-term incentive plans for the Company’s directors.
4 Dr. Hend El Sherbini receives part of her annual bonus in the form of an annual award amounting to EGP 450,000.
5  Director compensation was unchanged year-on-year in US dollar terms, but is translated into Egyptian pounds owing to the float of the EGP in 
November 2016, which affects the rate of translation for part of the the Directors’ fees.
6 Mr. Philips is the board representative of a major shareholder, Actis, and is therefore not remunerated.
7 Mr. Badreldin resigned from the Board on 22 November 2016 as The Abraaj Group had ceased to be a shareholder of IDH.

58

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

59

Corporate Governance
Corporate Governance

Directors’   
Report

The  statements  and  reviews  on  pages  2  to  40  comprise 
the Strategic Report, which contains certain information 
that is incorporated into this Directors’ Report by refer-
ence, including indications as to the Group’s likely future 
business developments. 

principal activities
The Group’s principal activity is the provision of medical diag-
nostics services. An overview of the Group’s principal activities 
is an integral component of the Strategic Review included in 
this Annual Report beginning on page 18. 

Directors
The  Directors  who  held  office  at  31  December  2016  and 
up to the date of this report are set out on pages 44 to 45 
along with their photographs and biographies. Mr. Ahmed 
Badreldin resigned his position as a Non-Executive Director 
on  22  November  2016.  The  remuneration  of  the  Directors 
(including  their  respective  shareholdings  in  the  Group, 
where applicable) is set out in the Remuneration Report on 
pages 58 to 59.

Directors’ and officers’ liability Insurance and 
Indemnification of Directors
Subject to the conditions set out in the Companies (Jersey) 
Law 1991 (as amended), the Group has arranged appropri-
ate  Directors’  and  Officers’  liability  insurance  to  indem-
nify the Directors against liability in respect of proceedings 
brought by third parties. Such provisions remain in force at 
the date of this report.

Business review and Future Developments
A review of the development and performance of the Group’s 
business forms an integral part of this Annual Report in sec-
tions  including  A  Note  from  Our  Chairman  (pages  10-11),  A 
Note from our CEO (pages 12 to 14), Strategic Report (begin-
ning page 2) and particularly the Financial Review (beginning 
on page 34). Financial statements for 2016 appear in the Au-
dited Financial Statements (starting on page 64). 

results and Dividends
The Group’s Results for 2016 are set out in the Audited Financial 
Statements starting on page 64. 

The Board of Directors has recommended that a dividend of 
US$ 0.14 ( fourteen US cents) per share (2015: US$ 0.06, six US 
cents) should be paid to shareholders who appear on the regis-
ter as at 12 May 2017, with an ex-dividend date of 11 May 2017. 
The payment date for the dividend is 6 June 2017.

principal risks and uncertainties
The principal risks and uncertainties that may affect IDH’s 
business, as well as their potential mitigants, are outlined 
on pages 28 to 33 of this Annual Report. 

Substantial share holdings
As at 1 March 2017, the Company ascertained from its own 
analysis that the following held interests of 3% or more of 
the voting rights of its issued share capital: 

Share capital
The  Group  has  150,000,000  ordinary  shares  each  with  a 
nominal value of US$ 1.00. There are no other shares in is-
sue, other than ordinary shares. Note 21 to the consolidated 
financial statements on page 99 summarises the rights of 
the  ordinary  shares  as  well  as  the  number  issued  during 
2016. An analysis of shareholdings is shown below.

The Directors certify that there are no issued securities that 
carry special rights with regard to control of the Company. 
There  are  similarly  no  restrictions  on  voting  rights.  Chief 
Executive  Officer  Dr.  Hend  El-Sherbini  jointly  holds  vot-
ing  rights  to  shares  held  by  Hena  Holdings  Ltd.  with  her 
mother, Dr. Moamena Kamel.

Shareholder

Hena Holdings Ltd.

Actis Idn B.v.

HSBC Global Asset Mgmt (UK)

Fidelity Management & Research (US)

Pictet Asset Management (Geneva)

Number of voting rights

% of voting rights

38,245,589

31,500,000

 12,834,161

 5,809,411

 4,641,178

25.50

21.00

 8.56

 3.87

 3.09

60

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

61

Corporate Governance

Committees of the Board
The Board has established Audit, Nominations, Remunera-
tion  and  M&A  Committees.  Details  of  these  Committees, 
including membership and their activities during 2016, are 
contained in the Corporate Governance section of this An-
nual Report and in the Remuneration Report.

Corporate responsibility
The Group’s report on Corporate Responsibility is set out on 
pages 40 to 41.

Corporate Governance
The Group’s report on Corporate Governance is on pages 42 
to 63.

articles of association
The Company’s Articles of Association set out the rights of 
shareholders  including  voting  rights,  distribution  rights, 
attendance  at  general  meetings,  powers  of  Directors,  pro-
ceedings of Directors as well as borrowing limits and other 
governance  controls.  A  copy  of  the  Articles  of  Association 
can be requested from the Group Company Secretary. 

The Articles of Association may be amended by members of 
the Company via special resolution at a General Meeting of 
the Company. 

rules on the appointment and replacement of 
Directors
Rules on the appointment and replacement of Directors are 
set out in the Group’s Articles of Association, a copy of which 
may be requested from the Group Company Secretary.

agreements related to Change of Control of the Group
No such agreements exist. 

Conflicts of interest
During the year, no Director held any beneficial interest in 
any contract significant to the Group’s business, other than 
a  contract  of  employment.  The  Company  has  procedures 
set out in the Articles of Association for managing conflicts 
of  interest.  Should  a  Director  become  aware  that  they,  or 
their  connected  parties,  have  an  interest  in  an  existing  or 
proposed transaction with the Group, they are required to 
notify the Board as soon as reasonably practicable.

political Donations
The Group made no political donations in 2016 (2015: nil). 

Financial Instruments
The Group’s principal financial instruments comprise cash 
balances,  balances  with  related  parties,  trade  receivables 
and payables and other payables and receivables that arise 
in the normal course of business. The Group’s financial in-
struments risk management objectives and policies are set 
out in Note 15.2 to the Financial Statements.

employees
The Group has one (1) Executive Director, namely Group 
Chief  Executive  Dr.  Hend  El  Sherbini,  as  identified  in  the 
Corporate Governance section. Her biographical informa-
tion  appears  on  page  44  of  this  Annual  Report,  and  her 
compensation  is  reported  in  the  Remuneration  Commit-
tee Report on pages 58 to 59. IDH has service agreements 
with the Group Chief Executive and with the Group Chief 
Financial  Officer,  Mr.  Tarek  Hemida,  who  is  not  a  Com-
pany  Director.  Dr.  Hend  El  Sherbini  leads  the  Company’s 
Executive  Committee,  which  also  includes  all  heads  of 
departments and meets every second week to review and 
discuss  performance,  priorities  and  upcoming  events  in 
light of the Group’s strategic plan. In view of the Company’s 
regional  growth  plans,  IDH  is  committed  to  building  out 
its  senior  management  team  in  preparation  for  a  larger 
footprint. The Group and its subsidiaries had total of 4,688 
(2015: 4,323) employees as of 31 December 2016 employed 
in Egypt, Jordan and Sudan.

Creditor payment policy
Individual  subsidiaries  of  the  Group  are  responsible  for 
agreeing  on  the  terms  and  conditions  under  which  busi-
ness transactions with their suppliers are conducted. It is 
the Group’s policy that payments to suppliers are made in 
accordance with all relevant terms and conditions. 

post-Balance Sheet events
There are no such events to report. 

Going Concern
Having  made  enquiries,  the  Directors  have  a  reasonable 
expectation  that  the  Group  has  adequate  resources  to 
meet  its  liabilities  as  they  fall  due  for  at  least  12  months 
from the date of approval of these consolidated financial 
statements. Thus, they continue to adopt the going concern 
basis  in  preparing  the  financial  information.  The  Group’s 
business activities, together with the factors likely to affect 
its future development, performance and position, are set 
out in the Strategic Review on pages 2 to 39. The financial 
position of the Group, its cash flows, liquidity position and 
borrowing  facilities  are  described  in  the  financial  state-
ments and notes thereon on pages 64 to 104.

Statement of Directors’ responsibilities
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual 
report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted 
by  the  EU  (“IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU”),  interpretations 
from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations 
Committee (“IFRIC”) and Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 (as 
amended).  Jersey  Law  requires  the  Directors  to  prepare 
financial  statements  for  each  financial  year,  which  give  a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of 
the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of 
the Group for that year. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are 
required to:

•	 select  suitable  accounting  policies  and  then  apply 

them consistently;

•	 make  judgements  and  estimates  that  are  reasonable, 

comparable, understandable and prudent;

•	 ensure that the financial statements comply with IFRS 

as adopted by the EU; and

•	 prepare the financial statements on the going concern 
basis,  unless  it  is  inappropriate  to  presume  that  the 
Group will continue in business. 

The Directors are responsible for maintaining proper ac-
counting  records  that  disclose  with  reasonable  accuracy 
at any time the financial position of the parent company 
and  to  enable  them  to  ensure  that  the  financial  state-
ments  comply  with  Jersey  Law.  The  Directors  are  also 
responsible for safeguarding the assets of the Group and 
hence for taking reasonable steps for the prevention and 
detection of fraud and other irregularities. The Directors 
are also responsible for the maintenance and integrity of 
the Group’s website on the internet. However, information 
is accessible in many different countries where legislation 
governing the preparation and dissemination of financial 
statements may differ from that applicable in the United 
Kingdom and Jersey. 

The Directors of the Group confirm that to the best of their 
knowledge that:

•	 The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been 
prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards, including International Account-
ing  Standards;  and  Interpretations  adopted  by  the 
International Accounting Standards Board give a true 
and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial position 
and profit or loss of the Company and the undertakings 
included in the consolidation taken as a whole; and
•	 The  sections  of  this  Report,  including  the  Chairman’s 
Statement,  Strategic  Report,  Financial  Review  and 
Principal  Risks  and  Uncertainties,  which  constitute 

the  management  report,  include  a  fair  review  of  the 
development and performance of the business and the 
position  of  the  issuer  and  the  undertakings  included 
in  the  consolidation  taken  as  a  whole,  together  with 
a  description  of  the  principal  risks  and  uncertainties 
that they face.

Disclosure of Information to the auditor
So  far  as  each  person  who  was  a  Director  at  the  date  of 
approving  this  report  is  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit 
information,  being  information  needed  by  the  auditor  in 
connection with preparing its report, of which the auditor is 
unaware. Having made enquiries of fellow Directors and the 
Group’s auditors, each Director has taken all the steps that 
he/she is obliged to take as a Director in order to have made 
himself/herself aware of any relevant audit information and 
to establish that the auditor is aware of that information.

annual General Meeting (aGM)
The  2017  AGM  will  be  held  at  the  Hilton  London  Tower 
Bridge on 22 May 2017 at 9:30 am, London, UK.

The  Chairmen  of  the  Board  and  of  each  of  its  Committees 
as well as all company Directors will be in attendance at the 
AGM to answer questions from shareholders. 

During the AGM, all of the Group’s Directors will retire and 
submit themselves for re-election. 

auditor
KPMG LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in office 
as auditor and separate resolutions will be proposed at the 
forthcoming  AGM  concerning  their  reappointment  and  to 
authorise the Board to agree their remuneration.

By order of the Board:

Dr. Hend El Sherbini
executive Director
21 March 2017

62

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

63

Financial 
Statements

Independent auditor’s report to the Members of IDH plc   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  66

Consolidated Statement of Financial position   .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  68

Consolidated Income Statement  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  69

Consolidated Statement of profit or loss and other Comprehensive Income  70

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  71

Consolidated Statement of Changes In equity  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  .  72

Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc – “IDH” and its Subsidiaries .  .  .  .  .  73

64

IDH annual report 2016  

IDH annual report 2016  

65

Independent audItor’s report to the 
members of Integrated dIagnostIcs 
holdIngs plc

We have audited financial statements of Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc for the year ended 31 December 2016 which 
comprise  the  Consolidated  Income  Statement,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Profit  or  loss  and  Other  Comprehensive 
Income, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Position, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in Equity, the Consoli-
dated Statement of Cash Flows and the related notes. The financial reporting framework that has been applied in their 
preparation is applicable law and International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU.

This report is made solely to the Group’s members, as a body, in accordance with Article 113A of the Companies (Jersey) 
Law  1991.    Our  audit  work  has  been  undertaken  so  that  we  might  state  to  the  Group’s  members  those  matters  we  are 
required to state to them in an auditor’s report and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted by law, we do not 
accept or assume responsibility to anyone other than the Group and the Group’s members as a body, for our audit work, for 
this report, or for the opinions we have formed.  

Respective Responsibilities of DiRectoRs anD auDitoR
As explained more fully in the Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities set out on page xx, the Directors are responsible for 
the preparation of the financial statements and for being satisfied that they give a true and fair view.  Our responsibility is to 
audit, and express an opinion on, the financial statements in accordance with applicable law and International Standards 
on Auditing (UK and Ireland). Those standards require us to comply with the Auditing Practices Board’s Ethical Standards 
for Auditors.

scope of the auDit of the financial statements
An  audit  involves  obtaining  evidence  about  the  amounts  and  disclosures  in  the  financial  statements  sufficient  to  give 
reasonable assurance that the financial statements are free from material misstatement, whether caused by fraud or error.  
This includes an assessment of:  whether the accounting policies are appropriate to the group’s circumstances and have 
been consistently applied and adequately disclosed; the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by the 
Directors; and the overall presentation of the financial statements.  In addition, we read all the financial and non-financial 
information in the annual report to identify material inconsistencies with the audited financial statements and to identify 
any information that is apparently materially incorrect based on, or materially inconsistent with, the knowledge acquired 
by us in the course of performing the audit. If we become aware of any apparent material misstatements or inconsistencies 
we consider the implications for our report.

opinion on the financial statements
In our opinion the financial statements:

•	 give a true and fair view in accordance with International Financial Reporting Standards as adopted by the EU of the 

state of the group’s affairs as at 31 December 2016; and 

•	 have been prepared in accordance with the requirements of the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991.

matteRs on which we aRe RequiReD to RepoRt by exception
We have nothing to report in respect of the following matters where the Companies (Jersey) Law 1991 requires us to report 
to you if, in our opinion:

•	 proper accounting records have not been kept by the Group; or
•	 proper returns adequate for our audit have not been received from branches not visited by us; or
•	 the financial statements are not in agreement with the accounting records and returns; or
•	 we have not received all the information and explanations we require for our audit.

Adrian Wilcox
for and on behalf of KPMG LLP

Chartered Accountants and Recognised Auditor 
15 Canada Square
London E14 5GL

21 March 2017

notes:

•	 The maintenance and integrity of the Integrated Diagnostics Holdings Plc website is the responsibility of the directors; 
the work carried out by the auditors does not involve consideration of these matters and, accordingly, the auditors 
accept no responsibility for any changes that may have occurred to the financial statements or our audit report since 
they were initially presented on the website. KPMG LLP has carried out no procedures of any nature subsequent to 21 
March 2017 which in any way extends this date.

•	 Legislation in Jersey governing the preparation and dissemination of financial statements may differ from legislation 
in other jurisdictions. The directors shall remain responsible for establishing and controlling the process for doing so, 
and for ensuring that the financial statements are complete and unaltered in any way.

66

Idh annual report 2016  

Idh annual report 2016  

67

consolIdated statement 
of fInancIal posItIon
as at december 31, 2016

consolIdated Income 
statement
for the financial year ended december 31, 2016

Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit

Marketing and advertising expenses
Administrative expenses
Other expenses
Operating profit

Finance costs
Finance income
Net finance cost
Profit before tax

Income tax expense
Profit for the year

Profit attributed to:
      Owners of the Company
      Non-controlling interests

Earnings per share (expressed in EGP)
Basic and Diluted

Notes

4

9

9.2

10

8

11

2016 
EGP’000

1,170,621 
 (542,687)
627,934 

 (53,187)
 (105,390)
 (3,165)
466,192 

 (99,072)
21,418 
 (77,654)
388,538 

2015
EGP’000

1,014,844 
 (467,528)
547,316 

 (53,688)
 (210,417)
 (15,750)
267,461 

 (6,380)
13,412 
7,032 
274,493 

 (121,620)
266,918 

 (119,521)
154,972 

260,399 
6,519 
266,918 

144,873 
10,099 
154,972 

                1.74 

                  0.97 

Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets and goodwill
Deferred tax assets
Restricted cash
Total non-current assets

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Other investments
Cash and  cash equivalents 
Total current assets
Total assets
Equity
Share capital
Share premium reserve
Capital reserves
Legal reserve
Put option reserve
Translation reserve
Retained earnings
Share based payment reserve
Equity attributable to the owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total equity

Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Other provisions
Long-term financial obligations
Total non-current liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
 Current tax liabilities
Total current liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity and liabilities

Notes

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

12
13
10
19

16
17
20
18

21
21
21
21
21
21

8

10
23
25

24

391,141 
1,643,595 
18,307 
13,253 
2,066,296 

51,715 
148,375 
95,575 
683,721 
979,386 
3,045,682 

1,072,500 
1,027,706 
 (314,310)
30,251 
 (102,082)
207,720 
315,518 
-   
2,237,303 
62,161 
2,299,464 

132,627 
12,202 
119,638 
264,467 

345,776 
135,975 
481,751 
746,218 
3,045,682 

337,877 
1,606,225 
-   
-   
1,944,102 

34,326 
117,155 
-   
387,716 
539,197 
2,483,299 

1,072,500 
1,027,706 
 (314,310)
28,834 
 (64,069)
1,193 
142,712 
1,034 
1,895,600 
46,873 
1,942,473 

128,427 
10,962 
60,327 
199,716 

229,631 
111,479 
341,110 
540,826 
2,483,299 

The accompanying notes on pages xx - xx form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and signed on 
their behalf on 21 March 2017 by:

Chief Executive Officer
Dr. Hend El Sherbini

Head of Audit Committee
James Nolan

68

Idh annual report 2016  

Idh annual report 2016  

69

consolIdated statement of profIt or 
loss and other comprehensIve Income
for the financial year ended december 31, 2016

consolIdated statement 
of cash flows
for the financial year ended december 31, 2016

Net profit

Other comprehensive income:

Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:

Currency translation differences on foreign currency subsidiaries

Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax

Total comprehensive income for the year

Attributable to:

Owners of the Company

Non-controlling interests

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

           266,918 

           154,972 

228,130 

228,130 

495,048 

467,664 

27,384 

495,048 

1,432 

1,432 

156,404 

144,862 

11,542 

156,404 

Cash flows from operating activities
Profit for the period before tax
Adjustments for:
Depreciation
Amortisation 
Impairment of Intangible assets
(Loss)/Gain on disposal of  Property, plant and equipment
Impairment in trade and other receivables
Reversal of impairment in trade and other receivables
Provisions made
Provisions reversed
Share-based payment charge
Interest expense
Interest income
Loss/(gain) of foreign exchange
Net cash from operating activities before changes in working capital
Provision used
Change in inventory
Change in trade and other receivables
Change in trade and other payables
Cash generated from operating activities before income tax payment

Income tax paid during period
Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Interest received
Acquisition of Property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Change in restricted Cash
Change in other investment
Net cash flows used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Repayments of borrowings
Interest paid
Acquisition non-controlling interest
Dividends paid 
Financial lease
Net cash flows used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent at the beginning of the period
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held
Cash and cash equivalent at the end of the period

Note

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

388,538 

274,493 

12
13

9
17
23
23

9.2
9.2
9.2

23

19
20

18

44,730 
-   
1,849 
60 
4,298 
 (2,768)
2,224 
 (717)
-   
9,271 
 (21,418)
88,877 
514,944 
 (267)
 (17,388)
 (30,436)
39,935 
506,788 

35,840 
352 
-   
 (138)
9,230 
 (343)
2,881 
 (6)
1,034 
6,380 
 (9,930)
 (3,482)
316,311 
 (891)
1,681 
 (36,351)
20,336 
301,086 

 (108,130)
         398,658 

 (111,224)
             189,862 

19,753 
 (48,539)
90 
 (13,253)
 (95,575)
 (137,524)

-   
 (10,263)
 (10,450)
 (88,560)
 (8,928)
 (118,201)

142,933 
387,716 
153,072 
683,721 

10,477 
 (54,897)
2,003 
-   
-   
 (42,417)

 (45)
 (4,275)
 (272)
 (6,464)
 (1,711)
 (12,767)

134,678 
252,110 
928 
387,716 

70

Idh annual report 2016  

Idh annual report 2016  

71

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A

Integrated dIagnostIcs holdIngs 
plc – “Idh” and Its subsIdIarIes
annual report and consolidated financial statements for the year ended 
31 december 2016

1.  coRpoRate infoRmation
The consolidated financial statements of Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Group) 
for the year ended 31 December 2016 were authorised for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 21 March 
2017. Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc “IDH” or “the company” has been established according to the provisions of the 
Companies (Jersey) law 1991 under No. 117257.

IDH’s purpose is not restricted and the Group has full authority to do any activity as long as it is not banned by the Compa-
nies law unless amended from time to time or depending on the Companies (Jersey) law.

The Group’s financial year starts on 1 January and ends on 31 December each year. The Group’s main activity is concen-
trated in the field of medical diagnostics

2.  basis of pRepaRation
Statement of compliance
The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Group  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (adopted IFRS) issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) and the Jersey Law 1991 an amendment to which means separate company financial statements 
are not required. 

Basis of measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except where adopted IFRS mandates 
that fair value accounting is required.

Functional and presentation currency
Each of the Group’s entities is using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the 
functional currency’). The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Egyptian Pounds, being the report-
ing currency of the main Egyptian trading subsidiaries within the Group and the primary economic environment in which 
the Group operates. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial 
statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The Group uses the direct method of consolidation 
and on disposal of a foreign operation; the gain or loss that is reclassified to profit or loss reflects the amount that arises 
from using this method.

Going concern
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis. At 31 December 2016, the Group 
had net assets amounting to EGP 2,299,464. The Group is profitable and cash generative and the Directors have considered 
the Group’s cash forecasts for a period of 12 months from the signing of the balance sheet. The Directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group has adequate resources to meet its liabilities as they fall due for at least 12 months from the 
date of approval of these condensed consolidated interim financial statements. Thus, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the financial information.

2.1. Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 31 Decem-
ber 2016. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the 
investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.

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73

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
   
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
i.  Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries  are  entities  controlled  by  the  Group. The  Group  controls  an  entity  when  it  is  exposed  to,  or  has  rights  to, 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over 
the entity. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. 
The acquisition date is the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. The financial statements of subsidiaries 
are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases. Losses applicable to the non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are allocated to the non-controlling interests even 
if doing so causes the non-controlling interests to have a deficit balance.

ii.  Change in subsidiary ownership and loss of control
Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transac-
tions. Where the group loses control of a subsidiary, the assets and liabilities are derecognised along with any related NCI 
and other components of equity.  Any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.  Any interest retained in the 
former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

iii.    Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are 
eliminated. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the invest-
ment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised 
gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

2.2. Significant accounting policies
Except for the changes below, the accounting policies set out below have been consistently applied to all the years pre-
sented in these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has adopted the following new standard, including any inconsequential amendments to other standards, with 
a date of initial application of 1 January 2016.

•	 Annual Improvements to IFRSs – 2012-2014 Cycle
•	 Disclosure initiative – amendment to IAS 1    

This new standard had a non-material impact on these consolidated financial statements.

a)  Business combinations and goodwill
Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.  The  cost  of  an  acquisition  is  measured  as  the 
aggregate  of  the  consideration  transferred,  which  is  measured  at  acquisition  date  fair  value,  and  the  amount  of  any 
non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-
controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. 
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classification 
and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as at the 
acquisition date. 

This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.
Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. 
Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of IAS 39 
Financial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, is measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognised 
in the statement of profit or loss.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount 
recognised for non-controlling interests) and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and li-
abilities assumed. 

If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses 
whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures 

used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the 
fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.
After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

  For  the  purpose  of  impairment  testing,  goodwill  acquired  in  a  business  combination  is,  from  the  acquisition  date,  al-
located to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the combination, irrespective of 
whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed 
of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when deter-
mining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of 
the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

b)  Fair value measurement
The Group measures financial instruments such as non-derivative financial instruments, available-for-sale financial assets 
and contingent consideration assumed in a business combination, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair value 
is categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

•	 Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
•	 Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is 

directly or indirectly observable

•	 Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement 

is unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Group deter-
mines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing 

categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of 
each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and  liabilities on the basis of the 
nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy, as explained above.

The fair value less any estimated credit adjustments for financial assets and liabilities with maturity dates less than one 
year is assumed to approximate their carrying value.   The fair value of financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is esti-
mated by discounting the future contracted cash flows at the current market interest rate that is available to the Group for 
similar transactions.

c)  Revenue recognition
Revenue represents the medical value of medical diagnostic services rendered in the year, and is stated net of discounts. 
The Group has two types of customers: Walk-in patients and patients served under contract. For patients under contract, 
rates  are  agreed  in  advance  on  a  per-test,  client-by-client  basis.  For  both  types  of  customers,  revenue  is  recognised  on 
completion of the services rendered. Revenue is recognised to the extent that it is probable that the economic benefits 
will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured, regardless of when the payment is received. Revenue is 
measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined terms of 
payment and excluding taxes or duty.

d)  Leases
i.  Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease
At inception of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Group separates out payments and other con-
sideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair 
values. If the Group concludes for a finance lease that it is impractical to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a 

74

Idh annual report 2016  

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75

liability are recognised at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as 
payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate.

ii.  Leased assets
Assets held by the Group under leases that transfer to the Group substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership 
are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value 
and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in 
accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset. Assets held under other leases are classified as operating 
leases and are not recognised in the Group's statement of financial position.

iii.  Lease payments
Payments made under operating leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. 
Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease. Minimum 
lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance expense and the reduction of the out-
standing liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic 
rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

 Income Taxes

e) 
Tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement except 
to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.

i.  Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

ii.  Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is recognised on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carry-
ing amounts in the consolidated financial statements. 

However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognised if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred income 
tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business 
combination and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they will probably not reverse in the 
foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any 
unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available 
against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can 
be utilised. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the 
reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realised or the deferred income tax 
liability is settled. 

f)  Foreign currency
Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  initially  recorded  by  the  Group’s  entities  at  their  respective  functional  currency 
spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

On consolidation, the assets and liabilities of foreign operations are translated into Egyptian Pounds at the rate of exchange 
prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of profit or loss are translated at average rate (unless this average is not 
a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which case income 
and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions). The exchange differences arising on translation for 
consolidation are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation reserve or NCI as the case 
may be. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of other comprehensive income relating to that particular foreign 
operation is recognised in profit or loss.

Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at 
the spot rate of exchange at the reporting date.

g)  Property, plant and equipment
All property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.  Historical cost includes expenditure 
that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognised as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when 
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the group and the cost of the item can be 
measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are charged 
to the consolidated statement of income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

Land is not depreciated.  

Laboratory Equipment held to perform the ‘Hub spoke’ at the Mega Lab and provided under finance lease arrangements are 
depreciated under a unit of production method as this most closely reflects the consumption of benefits from the equipment.  

Depreciation on other assets is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their 
residual value over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Buildings 
Medical, electric and information systems equipment 
Leasehold improvements 
Fixtures, fittings & vehicles 

50 years
4-10 years
4-5 years
4-16 years

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater 
than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are 

determined by comparing the proceeds with the carrying amount and are recognised within ‘Other (losses)/gains – net’ in 
the consolidated statement of income.

Intangible assets

h) 
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired in a 
business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are carried 
at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, excluding 
capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the period in 
which the expenditure is incurred.

Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the income statement.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange 
rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated 
using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there 
is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an 
intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected 
useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to modify 
the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amortisation 

76

Idh annual report 2016  

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77

 
 
expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the expense category that is 
consistent with the function of the intangible assets.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually 
or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefi-
nite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Goodwill
Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the excess of the consideration transferred over interest 
in net fair value of the net identifiable assets, liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree and the fair value of the 
non-controlling interest in the acquiree.

Goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill ac-
quired  in  a  business  combination  is  allocated  to  each  of  the  cash-generating  units  (CGUs),  or  groups  of  CGUs,  that  is 
expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated 
represents the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. 

Brand 
Brands acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date and have an indefinite useful life.

Customer list 
Customer lists acquired in a business combination are recognised at fair value at the acquisition date and have finite useful 
life. Amortisation method on a straight-line basis and the estimated useful live is 4 years, as determined by management.

Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily 
derecognised (i.e. removed from the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:

•	 The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired

Or

•	 The  Group  has  transferred  its  rights  to  receive  cash  flows  from  the  asset  or  has  assumed  an  obligation  to  pay  the 
received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) the 
Group has transferred substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor 
retained substantially all the risks and rewards of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass- through arrange-
ment, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred 
nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues 
to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an 
associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and 
obligations that the Group has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the origi-
nal carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets
Further disclosures relating to impairment of financial assets are also provided in the following notes:

i)  Financial instruments – initial recognition and subsequent measurement
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity 
instrument of another entity.

•	 Disclosures for significant estimates and assumptions 
•	 Financial assets 
•	 Trade receivables 

Note 3
Note 15
Note 17

i.  Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and re-
ceivables, AFS financial assets, as appropriate. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of 
financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition 
of the financial asset.

Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established by regulation or con-
vention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the Group commits to 
purchase or sell the asset.

Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in three categories:

•	 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
•	 Loans and receivables
•	 AFS financial assets

The Group did not hold financial assets classified as financial assets at fair value through the profit or loss or AFS financial 
assets at 31 December 2016 and 31 December 2015.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an 
active  market.  After  initial  measurement,  such  financial  assets  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the 
effective interest method (“EIR”), less impairment. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or 
premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance 
income in the statement of profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit or 
loss in finance costs for loans and in cost of sales or other operating expenses for receivables.

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial 
assets is impaired. An impairment exists if one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset 
(an incurred ‘loss event’), has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial 
assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debt-
ors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability 
that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and observable data indicating that there is a measurable 
decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.

ii.  Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of 
directly attributable transaction costs.

All of the Group’s financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities carried at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method.  The Group does not use derivative financial instruments or hedge account for any transactions. Unless otherwise 
indicated, the carrying amounts of the Group’s financial liabilities are a reasonable approximation of their fair values.

The Group’s financial liabilities include trade and other payables, finance lease liabilities and loans and borrowings includ-
ing bank overdrafts.

Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When 
an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms 
of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the 
original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in 
the statement of profit or loss.

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79

 
iii.  Offsetting of financial instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial 
position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on 
a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Impairment of non-financial assets

j) 
Further disclosures relating to impairment of non-financial assets are also provided in the following notes:

•	 Disclosures for significant assumptions and estimates 
•	 Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives 

Note 3
Note 14

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication 
exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. 
An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The 
recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely 
independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its 
recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair 
value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an 
appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for 
publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for 
each of the Group’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover 
a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in expense categories consist-
ent with the function of the impaired asset, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to OCI. For 
such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication 
that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. 

If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impair-
ment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount 
since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not 
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had 
no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss 
unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at 31 October and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value 
may be impaired.

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which 
the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is 
recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually as at 31 October at the CGU level, as ap-
propriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired.

are largely independent cash inflows (CGU). Prior impairments of non-financial assets (other than goodwill) are reviewed 
for possible reversal at each reporting date.

Inventories

k) 
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realisable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. 
Net realisable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling and distribution 
expenses.

l)  Cash and short-term deposits
Cash and short-term deposits in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term 
deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, 
as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Group’s cash management. 

m)  Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, 
it is probable that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a 
reliable estimate can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects some or all of a provision to be 
reimbursed, for example, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only 
when the reimbursement is virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit 
or loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when 
appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of 
time is recognised as a finance cost.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a 
pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The 
increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as a finance cost. 

n)  Pensions and other post-employment benefits
A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The 
Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to pay all 
employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Obligations for contributions to defined 
contribution pension plans are recognised as an expense in the income statement in the periods during which services are 
rendered by employees.

o)  Share-based payment transactions
The grant-date fair value of equity-settled share-based payment awards granted to employees is generally recognised as an ex-
pense, with a corresponding increase in equity, over the vesting period of the awards. The amount recognised as an expense is 
adjusted to reflect the number of awards for which the related service and non-market performance conditions are expected 
to be met, such that the amount ultimately recognised is based on the number of awards that meet the related service and 
non-market performance conditions at the vesting date. For share-based payment awards with non-vesting conditions, the 
grant-date fair value of the share-based payment is measured to reflect such conditions and there is no true-up for differences 
between expected and actual outcomes.

p)  Segment reporting
Operating segments are reported in a manner consistent with the internal reporting provided to the chief operating decision-
maker.  The  chief  operating  decision-maker  who  is  responsible  for  allocating  resources  and  assessing  performance  of  the 
operating segments, has been identified as the steering committee that makes strategic decisions.

Assets that are subject to amortisation are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate 
that the carrying amount may not be recoverable. An impairment loss is recognised for the amount by which the asset’s 
carrying amount exceeds its recoverable amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of 
disposal and value in use. For the purposes of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there 

2.3. New and amended standards and interpretations not yet adopted
The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendments that have been issued but not yet effec-
tive for the year ended 31 December 2016. None of these are expected to have a material effect on these consolidated financial 
statements of the Group, except for the following which could change the classification and measurements of financial assets.

80

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81

 
•	 IFRS 9 “Financial instruments” (expected effective date of January 2018).
•	 IFRS 16 ‘Leases’ (effective date of January 2019) introduces an on balance sheet accounting model for operating leases. 
The Group has significant operating lease commitments through the lease of branches and is anticipated to have a 
material effect when these arrangements are required to be brought on balance sheet.

3.  significant accounting juDgments, estimates anD assumptions
The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with adopted IFRSs requires management 
to  make  judgments,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues,  expenses,  assets  and  li-
abilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment 
to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Other disclosures relating to the Group’s exposure to risks and uncertainties includes:

•	 Capital management 
•	 Financial instruments risk management and policies 
•	 Sensitivity analyses disclosures 

Note 5
Note 15
Note 15

Judgments
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management have made a material judgment, that affect the ap-
plication of the Group’s lease accounting policy and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. Information 
about judgment, estimate and assumptions relating to finance leases are set out in note 26.

Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that 
have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next 
financial year, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the 
consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, 
however,  may  change  due  to  market  changes  or  circumstances  arising  that  are  beyond  the  control  of  the  Group.  Such 
changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Impairment of intangible assets
The Group tests annually whether goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives have suffered any impairment. Im-
pairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the 
higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have 
been determined based on value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. The 
cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is 
not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset’s performance of the CGU being tested. 
The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows 
and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

Impairment of trade and other receivables
The requirement for impairment of trade receivables is made through monitoring the debts aging and reviewing customer’s 
credit position and their ability to make payment as they fall due. An impairment is recorded against receivables for the 
irrecoverable amount estimated by management. At the year end, the provision for impairment of trade receivables was 
EGP 19,154k (31 December 2015: EGP 17,030k).

4.  segment infoRmation
The Group is viewed as a single operating segment, as the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) reviews the 
internal management reports and KPIs of the Group as whole and not at a further aggregated level. 

The Group operates in three geographic areas, Egypt, Sudan and Jordan. Each area offers similar services and the KPIs of 
each are viewed to be the same and they are not viewed as individual operating segments. The revenue split between the 
three regions is set out below.

For the year ended
31 December 2016
31 December 2015

Revenue by geographic location

Egypt region
EGP’000
     1,024,378 
       910,886 

Sudan region
EGP’000
          34,103 
          30,740 

Jordan region
EGP’000
          112,140 
           73,218 

Total
EGP’000
1,170,621
     1,014,844 

The operating segment profit measure reported to the CODM is EBITDA, as follows:

Profit from operations

Property, plant and equipment depreciation
Amortisation of Intangible assets

EBITDA

2016
EGP’000
 466,192 

   44,730 
           -   

2015
EGP’000
       267,461 

         35,840 
              352 

  510,922

       303,653 

The operating segment assets and liabilities measure reported to the CODM is in accordance with IFRS as shown in the 
Group’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

5.  capital management
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order 
to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to re-
duce the cost of capital. In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the group may adjust the amount of dividends 
paid to shareholders, return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt. 

The repatriation of a declared dividend from Egyptian group entities are subject to regulation by Egyptian authorities. The 
outcome of an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders declaring a dividend is first certified by the General Authority for 
Investment and Free Zones (GAFI). Approval is subsequently transmitted to Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Reg-
istry (MCDR) to distribute dividends to all shareholders, regardless of their domicile, following notification of shareholders 
via publication in two national newspapers.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the net debt to equity ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total 
equity. Net debt is calculated as total liabilities (being total current liabilities plus long-term financial obligations) less cash 
and cash equivalents. 

As a provider of medical diagnostic services, IDH’s operations in Sudan are not subject to sanctions. However International 
banks are very cautious in carrying out transactions with any Sudanese business and so while there are no actual restric-
tions on the payment of dividends and remittance of cash from the Sudanese subsidiary in practice, there is no opportunity 
to enable payments of dividends from Sudan to Egypt. The amount of undistributed reserves held in Sudanese subsidiaries 
is not significant to the Group’s total capital management and the total reserves that could be distributed from Sudan is 
EGP 599K and the total cash held in Sudan is EGP 14,355K. No funds will be remitted from until such a time as the sanctions 
imposed on Sudan are clarified or released.

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83

 
Total liabilities
Less: cash and short-term deposits (Note 18)
Net (cash)/debt
Total Equity
Net debt to equity ratio

2016
EGP’000
          601,389 
         (683,721)
           (82,332)
        2,299,464 
-3.6%

2015
EGP’000
          401,437 
         (387,716)
            13,721 
       1,942,473
0.7%

No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the years ended 31 December 
2016 and 2015.

6.  gRoup infoRmation
Information about subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements of the Group include:

Al Borg Laboratory Company (“Al-Borg”)
Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical Labs (“Al 
Mokhtabar”)
Molecular Diagnostic Center*
Medical Genetic Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group (Hashemite King-
dom of Jordan)
Golden Care for Medical Services
Integrated Medical Analysis Company (S.A.E)
SAMA Medical Laboratories Co.  ("Ultralab medi-
cal laboratory ")
AL-Mokhtabar Sudanese Egyptian Co.
Integrated Diagnostics Holdings Limited
Dynasty Group Holdings Limited**

Principal 
activities
Medical diagnostics service

Country of
Incorporation
Egypt

Medical diagnostics service
Medical diagnostics service
Medical diagnostics service

Medical diagnostics service
Holding company of SAMA
Medical diagnostics service

Egypt
Egypt
Egypt

Jordan
Egypt
Egypt

Medical diagnostics service
Medical diagnostics service

Sudan
Sudan
Intermediary holding company Cayman Island
Intermediary holding company Cayman Island

% equity interest

2016
99.3%

99.9%
99.9%
55.0%

60.0%
100.0%
99.6%

80.0%
65.0%
100.0%
51.0%

2015
99.3%

99.9%
99.9%
55.0%

60.0%
75.0%
99.6%

60.0%
65.0%
100.0%
-

* "Molecular Diagnostic Center” is no longer treated as a subsidiary with effect from 5 May 2016 following the start of liquidation proceedings as control 

has been passed to the liquidator [ Abd EL Wahab Kamal] under Egyptian Law..

8.  non-contRolling inteRest
Financial information of subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests is provided below:

pRopoRtion of equity inteRest helD by non-contRolling inteRests:

Medical Genetic Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
SAMA Medical Laboratories Co.  " Ultra lab medical laboratory "
Al Borg Laboratory Company

Country of
Incorporation
Egypt
Jordan
Sudan
Egypt

2016
45.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.7%

2015
45.0%
40.0%
40.0%
0.7%

The  summarised  financial  information  of  these  subsidiaries  is  provided  below.  This  information  is  based  on  amounts 
before inter-company eliminations.

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom of 
Jordan)
EGP'000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.  "Ultralab 
medical 
laboratory "
EGP'000

Medical 
Genetic 
Center
EGP'000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra-Group
eliminations 
EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

Summarised statement of profit or loss for 2016:

Revenue

          11,881 

         112,266 

           27,160 

    482,002 

         207,452 

                   -   

       840,761 

Profit
Other comprehensive 
income
Total comprehensive 
income
Profit allocated to non-
controlling interest
Other comprehensive 
income allocated to 
non-controlling interest

            1,818 

           13,850 

             1,360 

    199,827 

         (57,725)

                   -   

       159,130 

                  -   

           52,930 

            (1,115)

             -   

                393 

                   -   

         52,208 

                  -   

           52,930 

            (1,115)

             -   

                393 

                   -   

         52,208 

               818 

             5,540 

                272 

        1,414 

              (916)

              (610)

           6,518 

                  -   

           21,172 

               (446)

             -   

                139 

                   -   

         20,865 

** On 22 December 2016, IDH established a new subsidiary “Dynasty Group Holdings Limited”, in which it holds 51%, for the purpose of investing in 

acquisition opportunities mainly in Africa.  

Summarised statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016:

Full details of the Group historical acquisitions can be found in the prospectus for the initial public offering by the Company dated 6 May 2015 and 

Non-current assets

               885 

           92,168 

             3,363 

    136,938 

         136,316 

                   -   

       369,670 

available at www.idhcorp.com.

7.  business combinations anD acquisition of non-contRolling inteRests
Acquisition of non-controlling interest in Golden Care for Medical Services
On 8 December 2016, the put option held by the vendor of Golden Care for Medical Services (LLC) was exercised which  
forced Al-Borg to purchase the remaining 25% equity. 

As a result, Al-Borg’s percentage share of total equity shares in Golden Care for Medical Services (LLC) increase from 75% 
to 100% from this date.   

Current assets

            7,761 

           47,090 

           20,548 

    311,085 

         306,983 

                   -   

       693,467 

Non-current liabilities

                   9 

                773 

                   -   

             -   

           99,339 

                   -   

       100,121 

Current liabilities

            4,518 

           42,014 

           14,657 

    120,345 

         324,452 

                   -   

       505,986 

Net assets
Net assets attributable to 
non-controlling interest

          13,173 

         182,045 

           38,568 

    568,368           867,090 

                   -   

    1,669,244 

5,930 

72,818 

7,714 

4,023 

(1,327)

(26,997)

62,161 

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85

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom of 
Jordan)
EGP'000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.  "Ultralab 
medical 
laboratory "
EGP'000

Medical 
Genetic 
Center
EGP'000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra-Group
eliminations 
EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

Summarised cash flow information for year ended 31 December 2016:
Operating
Investing
Financing
Net increase/(de-
crease) in cash and 
cash equivalents

             1,508 
               (410)
                   -   

           18,034 
         (11,955)
           (6,848)

            2,687 
                (37)
           (3,163)

             1,098 

              (513)

              (769)

    189,193 
    (55,929)
    (52,256)

      81,008 

           73,254 
           (8,326)
           (8,928)

                   -   
                   -   
                   -   

       284,676 
       (76,657)
       (71,195)

           56,000 

                   -   

       136,824 

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom of 
Jordan)
EGP'000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.  "Ultralab 
medical 
laboratory "
EGP'000

Medical 
Genetic 
Center
EGP'000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra-Group
eliminations 
EGP’000

9.  expenses anD otheR income
Included in profit and loss are the following

Impairment on trade and other receivables
Impairment of goodwill
Charge for increase in provisions 
Operating lease payments (buildings)
Professional and advisory fees*
Amortisation
Depreciation
Total

2016
EGP’000
                     4,298 
                     1,849 
                     2,224 
                   32,234 
                   24,907 
                           -   
                   44,730 
                110,242 

2015
EGP’000
          9,230 
-
          2,881 
        22,278
        138,436
        352
        35,840
      209,017

* In comparative year 2015 professional and advisory fees included EGP 125 million relating to the costs for the IPO. No shares were issued on IPO and 

so all costs were expensed.

9.1. Auditor’s remuneration
The group paid or accrued the following amounts to its auditor and its associates in respect of the audit of the financial 
statements and for other services provided to the group

              73,523 
              10,894 

              12,468 
                3,818 

Summarised statement of profit or loss for 2015:
Revenue
Profit
Other comprehensive 
income
Total comprehensive 
income
Profit allocated to non-
controlling interest
Other comprehensive 
income allocated to non-
controlling interest

                1,719 

                      -   

                      -   

                      -   

                3,016 

                3,016 

                4,358 

                1,033 

              24,518             433,944 
                4,720             135,008 

  126,063 
     34,531 

                   850 

                      -   

         (297)

                   850 

                      -                    (297)

-
-

-

- 

Total 
EGP’000

 670,516 
 188,971 

     3,569 

     3,569 

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Group’s annual finan-
cial statements
The audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation
Tax compliance and advisory services
 Other services

                1,888                     956 

1,425                  (247)

   10,099 

9.2. 

Net finance costs

                   340 

 -   

                     70 

 -   

     1,443 

Net assets
Net assets attributable to 
non-controlling interest

Summarised statement of financial position as at 31 December 2015:

Non-current assets

                   920 

              35,038 

                4,612             126,539 

     82,363 

Current assets

                8,442 

              17,853 

              18,765             167,615 

  109,422 

Non-current liabilities

(2) 

-   

-   

(1,297) 

(2,155)

Current liabilities

(3,239) 

(12,046) 

(14,368) 

(97,957) 

(67,047)

                6,121 

              40,845 

                9,009             194,900             122,583 

-

-

-

-

- 

 249,472 

 322,097 

(3,454) 

(194,657) 

 373,458 

2,756 

16,338 

3,604 

1,379 

2,180

20,616

46,873 

Summarised cash flow information for year ended 31 December 2015:

Operating

Investing

Financing
Net increase/(de-
crease) in cash and 
cash equivalents

                2,727 

              13,711 

                7,254                63,675 

     39,052 

                   181 

              (5,665)

              (1,228)               (2,968)

   (30,224)

              (2,759)

              (9,019)

              (1,390)             (73,933)

     39,750 

-

-

-

 126,419 

  (39,904)

  (47,351)

                   149 

                 (973)

                4,636 

(13,226)               48,578 

- 

   39,164 

Finance charges payable under finance leases
Net foreign exchange loss
Bank Charges
Total finance costs

Interest income
Net foreign exchange gain
Total finance income
Net finance (cost)/ income

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

                2,686 
                1,234 
                   - 
                        806   
                     4,726 

                    2,645 
                     629 
                       64 
                  2,970 
                  6,308 

2016
EGP’000
               (9,271)
             (88,877)
                  (924)
             (99,072)

2016
EGP’000
              21,418 
                     -   
              21,418 
                (77,654)

2015
EGP’000
            (5,725)
                   -   
               (655)
            (6,380)

2015
EGP’000
              9,930 
              3,482 
            13,412 
                  7,032 

IDH has entered into a number of currency swap transactions during 2016 to convert Egyptian pounds into US Dollars. 
During  the  year  there  was  a  difference  between  the  official  exchange  rate  and  an  unofficial  parallel  exchange  rate  for 
the Egyptian pound against the US Dollar. A foreign exchange loss has arisen due to the difference between the official 
exchange rate and the less favourable unofficial parallel exchange rate received by IDH when entering into these transac-
tions. In the period IDH purchased a total of US$ 14,200K (Dec 2015: US$ 8,570K) which resulted in a total foreign exchange 
loss recognised of EGP 44,198K (Dec 2015: EGP 3,485K). Certain finance lease liabilities held by the Group are denominated 

86

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87

 
                   
            
in US$. Due to the devaluation in the EGP against the US$ a foreign exchange loss of EGP 85,078k has been recognised in 
2016 on translating these monetary liabilities at the year end. See note 26 for further details.

9.3. Employee numbers and costs
The average number of persons employed by the Group (including directors) during the year and the aggregate payroll 
costs of these persons, analysed by category, were as follows:

2016

2015

Medical Administration

Total 

Medical Administration

Total 

Average number
 of employees

                     4,307 

                     381 

            4,688 

            3,917 

                     406 

            4,323 

2016
EGP'000

2015
EGP'000

Medical Administration
                59,276 
                  2,678 

                179,626 
                   12,086 

Total 
       238,902 
          14,764 

Medical Administration
                43,229 
                  1,818 

       148,604 
            9,238 

Total 
       191,833 
         11,056 

                     3,131 

                     511 

            3,642 

            2,216 

                     386 

            2,602 

                           -   
                194,843 

                        -   
                62,465 

                   -   
       257,308 

                  -   
       160,058 

                  1,034 
                46,467 

            1,034 
       206,525 

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Contributions to defined 
contribution plan 
Equity settled shared 
based payments
Total

Details of Directors’ and Key Management remuneration and share incentives are disclosed in the Remuneration Report 
and note 27.

10.  income tax 
a)  Amounts recognised in profit or loss

Current tax:
Current year
Deferred tax:
Effect of reduction in tax rate to 22.5%
Deferred tax arising on undistributed reserves in subsidiaries
Relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences
Total Deferred tax income / (expense)
 Tax expense recognised in profit or loss

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

           (135,727)

 (108,128)

                      -   
             (18,876)
              32,983 
14,107
            (121,620)

13,139 
 (22,614)
 (1,918)
(11,393)
 (119,521)

b)  Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The Company is treated as a tax resident of Jersey for the purpose of Jersey tax laws and is subject to a tax rate of 0%. The 
Company determined to switch its tax domicile from its current status as resident in Jersey to become resident in the UK, 
with effect from 1 July 2016. As a holding company for the IDH group, the Board concluded that the UK represents the 
most effective and efficient jurisdiction from which to manage the Company. The current income tax charge for the Group 
represents  tax  charges  on  profits  arising  in  Egypt,  Jordan  and  Sudan.    The  significant  profits  arising  within  the  Group 
subject to corporate income tax are generated from the Egyptian operations and subject to 22.5% (2015: 22.5%) tax rate. 
The reconciliation of effective income tax rate has been performed using this rate.

Profit before tax
Profit before tax multiplied by rate of corporation tax in Egypt of 22.5% (2015: 
22.5%)
Effect of tax rate in Jersey of 0% (2015: 0%)
Effect of tax rates in Jordan and Sudan of 20% and 15% respectively (2015: 20% 
and 15%)
Tax effect of:
Change in unrecognised deferred tax assets
Deferred tax arising on undistributed reserves
Reduction in tax rate on deferred tax balances
Non-deductible expenses for tax purposes - employee profit share
Non-deductible expenses for tax purposes - other 
Tax expense recognised in profit or loss

2016
EGP’000
                 388,538 

2015
EGP’000
                 274,493 

               87,421 
                (2,210)

               61,761 
               27,985 

                   (452)

                   (805)

                    303 
               18,876 
                      -   
                 8,940 
                 8,742 
                 121,620 

                (1,476)
               22,614 
              (13,139)
                 7,549 
               15,032 
              119,521 

Deferred tax
Deferred tax relates to the following:

Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Undistributed reserves from group sub-
sidiaries*
Provisions and finance lease liabilities
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) before 
set-off
Set-off of tax
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

2016

Assets
EGP’000
                      -   
-   

Liabilities
EGP’000
               (9,528)
           (101,661)

2015

Assets
EGP’000
 - 
 - 

Liabilities
EGP’000
          (5,668)
      (102,113)

                      -   
27,044 

             (30,175)
                       -   

 - 
           1,968 

        (22,614)
 -  

              27,044 
 (8,737)
              18,307 

           (141,364)
                 8,737 
           (132,627)

               1,968 
 (1,968)
                 -   

      (130,395)
            1,968 
      (128,427)

All movements in the deferred tax asset/liability in the year have been recognised in the profit or loss account.

Deferred tax liabilities and assets have been calculated based on the enacted tax rate at 31 December 2016 for the country 
the liabilities and assets has arisen. The enacted tax rate in Egypt is 22.5% (2015: 22.5%), Jordan 20% (2015: 20%) and Sudan 
15% (2015: 15%).

* Undistributed reserves from group subsidiaries
The Group’s dividend policy is to distribute any excess cash after taking into consideration all business cash requirements 
and potential acquisition considerations. The expectation is to distribute profits held within subsidiaries of the Group in 
the near foreseeable future. During 2015 the Egyptian Government imposed a tax on dividends at a rate of 5% of dividends 
distributed from Egyptian entities. As a result a deferred tax liability has been recorded for the future tax expected to be 
incurred from undistributed reserves held within the Group which will be taxed under the new legislation imposed and 
were as follows:

88

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89

Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical Labs
Alborg Laboratory Company
Integrated Medical Analysis Company
Molecular Diagnostic Center 
Golden Care for Medical Services
Medical Genetics Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group

2016
EGP’000
              11,378 
              11,490 
                2,192 
                1,095 
                   677 
                   189 
                3,154 
              30,175 

2015
EGP’000
                 8,859 
                 5,776 
                 2,192 
                 2,724 
                    677 
                    236 
                 2,150 
22,614 

Unrecognised deferred tax assets 
The following deferred tax assets were not recognised due to the uncertainty that those items will have a future tax benefit:

Impairment of trade receivables (Note 17)
Impairment of other receivables (Note 17)
Provision for legal claims (Note 23)

Unrecognised deferred tax asset

2016
EGP’000
              19,154 
                8,068 
                2,191 
29,413
6,618

2015
EGP’000
17,030
8,068
2,967
28,065
6,315

11.  eaRnings peR shaRe (eps) 
Basic  EPS  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  profit  for  the  year  attributable  to  ordinary  equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. There are no dilutive effects from ordinary share 
and no adjustment required to weighted-average numbers of ordinary shares. 

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computation:

Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent for basic earnings
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic and dilutive EPS
Basic and dilutive earnings per share (expressed in EGP)

There is no dilutive effect from equity.

2016
EGP’000
260,399
150,000
         1.74 

2015
EGP’000
144,873
150,000
          0.97 

12.  pRopeRty, plant anD equipment

Medical, 
electric & 
information 
system 
equipment
EGP’000

Land & 
Buildings
EGP’000

Leasehold       
improvements
EGP’000

Fixtures, 
fittings & 
vehicles
EGP’000

Building & 
Leasehold 
improvements 
in construction
EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

         129,103                     93,354 
                    -                       95,422 
                    -                       (9,179)
                 509 
                     1,697 
           38,000                     15,459 
         167,612                  196,753 
                    -                       23,177 
               (648)                    (1,994)
             6,285                     16,728 
                     4,114 
         173,249                  238,778 

-

               52,324 
               24,788 
                (1,391)
                    551 
                        -   
               76,272 
               18,050 
                   (315)
               23,646 
                 1,198 
             118,851 

               25,738 
                 5,094 
                   (584)
                 1,701 
                        -   
               31,949 
                 2,740 
                   (342)
                 6,095 
-
               40,442 

            53,813 
               354,332 
               128,448 
              3,144 
                     -                    (11,154)
                   4,536 
                   78 
                          -   
          (53,459)
               476,162 
              3,576 
              4,570 
                 48,537 
                     -                      (3,299)
                 55,002 
              2,248 
                          -   
            (5,312)
               576,402 
              5,082 

           16,582                     61,135 

               22,535 

               10,206 

                     -   

               110,458 

             2,600                     21,390 
                    -                       (7,588)
                        466 
                  75,403 

                 149 
           19,331 

                 9,726 
                (1,335)
                    162 
               31,088 

                 2,124 
                   (367)
                    500 
               12,463 

                     -   
                 35,840 
                     -                      (9,290)
                   1,277 
                     -   
               138,285 
                    -   

             2,757                     26,551 
                    -                       (1,497)
                     2,275 
                   77 
           22,165                  102,732 

               12,947 
                   (306)
                 1,280 
               45,009 

                 2,475 
                   (248)
                    665 
               15,355 

                     -   
                 44,730 
                     -                      (2,051)
                   4,297 
                     -   
               185,261 
                     -   

         151,084                  136,046 
         148,281                  121,350 

               73,842 
               45,184 

               25,087 
               19,486 

              5,082 
              3,576 

               391,141 
               337,877 

Cost
At 1 January 2015
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
Transfers
At 31 December 2015
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
Transfers
At 31 December 2016

Depreciation and im-
pairment
At 1 January 2015
Depreciation charge for 
the year
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2015
Depreciation charge for 
the year
Disposals
Exchange differences                                                 
At 31 December 2016
Net book value
At 31 December 2016
At 31 December 2015

Leased equipment
EGP 74m of medical and electric equipment was supplied under finance lease arrangements during the year ended 31 
December 2015. This equipment was supplied to service the Group’s new state of the art Mega Lab. The equipment secures 
lease obligations, see note 26 for further details on the recognition and the leasing arrangement. At 31 December 2016 the 
net carrying amount of lease equipment was EGP 59m (2015: EGP 68m).

90

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91

 
13.  intangible assets

Cost
At 1 January 2015
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2015
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2016

Amortisation and impairment
At 1 January 2015
Amortisation
At 31 December 2015
Impairment Loss*
At 31 December 2016
Net book value
At 31 December 2016
At 31 December 2015 

Goodwill
EGP’000

Brand Name
EGP’000

Customer list
EGP’000

Total
EGP’000

            1,234,432 
                 (3,233)
            1,231,199 
                26,153 
           1,257,352 

           374,055 
                 971 
           375,026 
            13,066 
          388,092 

          17,043 
-
          17,043 
                 -   
         17,043 

          1,625,530 
                (2,262)
          1,623,268 
               39,219 
          1,662,487 

                        -   
-
                        -   
                  1,849 
                  1,849 

                   -   
-
                   -   
                   -   
                   -   

          16,691 
352
          17,043 
                 -   
         17,043 

               16,691 
                    352 
               17,043 
                 1,849 
               18,892 

           1,255,503 
            1,231,199 

          388,092 
           375,026 

                 -   
                 -   

          1,643,595 
            1,606,225 

*  During the year goodwill of EGP 1,849K allocated to the Molecular Diagnostics Centre CGU has been fully impaired due to the start of the liquidation 

plan of this legal entity in May 2016. The impairment has been charged to ‘Other expenses’ in the consolidation income statement.

14.  gooDwill anD intangible assets with inDefinite lives
Goodwill acquired through business combinations and intangible assets with indefinite lives are allocated to the Group’s 
CGUs as follows:

Molecular Diagnostic Center 
Goodwill 

Medical Genetics Center
Goodwill 

Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group (“Biolab”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Golden Care for Medical Services (“Ultralab”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Alborg Laboratory Company (“Al-Borg”)
Goodwill
Brand name

2016
EGP’000

                   -   
                   -   

              1,755 
              1,755 

            47,953 
            23,224 
            71,177 

              9,417 
              1,484 
            10,901 

          497,275 
          142,066 
          639,341 

2015
EGP’000

              1,849 
             1,849 

              1,755 
             1,755 

            20,576 
              9,965 
30,541

            10,641 
              1,677 
            12,318 

          497,275 
          142,066 
         639,341 

Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical Labs (“Al-Mokhtabar”)
Goodwill
Brand name

          699,102 
          221,319 
         920,421 
Balance at 31 December
1,606,225
The Group performed its annual impairment test in October 2016. The Group considers the relationship between its mar-
ket capitalisation and its book value, among other factors, when reviewing for indicators of impairment.

          699,102 
          221,319 
          920,421 
        1,643,595 

Key assumptions used in value in use calculations and sensitivity to changes in assumptions 
IDH instructed FinCorp Investment Holding (referred to hereafter as “Fincorp”) an independent financial advisor, to pre-
pare  an  independent  impairment  assessment  of  the  Group’s  CGUs.  The  assessment  was  carried  out  based  on  business 
plans provided by IDH.  These plans have been prepared based on criteria set out below: 

Average annual patient growth rate from 2016 -2020
Average annual price per test growth rate from 2016 -2020
Annual revenue growth rate from 2016 -2020
Average gross margin from 2016 -2020
Terminal value growth rate from 1 January 2022
Discount rate

Ultra Lab
3%
14%
7%
43%
2%
23.8%

Bio Lab Al-Mokhtabar
1%
7%
10%
54%
3%
19.1%

9%
0%
9%
40%
2%
15.3%

Al-Borg
1%
9%
8%
47%
3%
19.1%

Fincorp has prepared discounted cash flow projections using the key assumptions above so as to be able to calculate the 
net present value of the asset in use and determine the recoverable amount. The projected cash flows from 2016- 2020 have 
been based on detailed forecasts prepared by management for each CGU and a terminal value thereafter. Management 
have used past experience and historic trends achieved in order to determine the key growth rate and margin assumptions 
set out above. The terminal value growth rate applied is not considered to exceed the average growth rate for the industry 
and geographic locations of the CGUs. 

This recoverable amount is then compared to the carrying value of the asset as recorded in the books and records of IDH 
plc.  The discount rate is the pre-tax rate taking into account the risks of each CGU. 

These risks include country risk, currency risk as well as the beta factor relating to the CGU and how it performs relative 
to the market. 

 The conclusions from the impairment review were that there was headroom within the forecasts and therefore no impair-
ment is required.

15.  financial assets anD financial liabilities
The fair values of all financial assets and financial liabilities by class shown in the balance sheet are as follows:

Held-to-maturity
Short term deposits - treasury bills
Loans and receivables
Cash and cash equivalent
Trade and other receivables 
Total financial assets

Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Trade and other payables
Put option liability
Finance lease liabilities
Total financial liabilities
Total financial instruments

2016
EGP’000

2015
EGP’000

                  95,575 

                   -   

                683,721 
                120,873 
                900,169 

           387,716 
           103,688 
           491,404 

                211,533 
                102,082 
                151,799 
                465,414 
                    434,755 

           151,320 
             64,069 
             74,569 
           289,958 
              201,446 

The fair values of all of the Group’s financial instruments are the same as their carrying values. All financial instruments 
are deemed Level 2.

15.1.  Financial instruments risk management objectives and policies
The Group’s principal financial liabilities are trade and other payables, put option liability and finance lease liabilities. The 
Group’s principal financial assets include trade and other receivables, and cash and short-term deposits that derive directly 
from its operations.

92

Idh annual report 2016  

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93

 
 
 
 
The Group is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on 
the unpredictability of markets and seeks to minimise potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The 
Group’s senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies 
for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below. 

The  board  provides  written  principles  for  overall  risk  management,  as  well  as  written  policies  covering  specific  areas, 
such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative 
financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.

Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as equity 
price risk and commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings and deposits.   

The sensitivity analyses in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 December in 2016 and 2015. The sensitivity 
analyses have been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of fixed to floating interest rates of the debt 
and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all constant.

The  analyses  exclude  the  impact  of  movements  in  market  variables  on:  the  carrying  values  of  pension  and  other  post-
retirement obligations; provisions; and the non-financial assets and liabilities of foreign operations.

The following assumptions have been made in calculating the sensitivity analyses:

•	 The sensitivity of the relevant statement of profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market 

risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 December 2016 and 2015.

•	 The sensitivity of equity is calculated by considering the effect of any associated cash flow hedges and hedges of a net 
investment in a foreign subsidiary at 31 December 2016 for the effects of the assumed changes of the underlying risk.

Interest rate risk
Interest  rate  risk  is  the  risk  that  the  fair  value  or  future  cash  flows  of  a  financial  instrument  will  fluctuate  because  of 
changes in market interest rates. During the year ending 2016 the Group was not exposed to the risk of changes in floating 
interest rates. The only interest-bearing financial liabilities held by the Group at 31 December 2016 were for finance lease 
liabilities held and disclosed in note 26. The implicit interest rate for the finance leases in place was estimated to be 11.5%.

Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign exchange rates. 

The  Group  operates  internationally  and  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  arising  from  various  currency  exposures, 
primarily with respect to the US Dollar, Sudanese Pound and the Jordanian Dinar. Foreign exchange risk arises from to 
the Group’s operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency), recognised assets and 
liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. However, the management aims to minimise open positions in foreign 
currencies to the extent that is necessary to conduct its activities.

Management has set up a policy to require group companies to manage their foreign exchange risk against their functional 
currency. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognised assets or liabilities are denomi-
nated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency.

At year end, major financial assets / (liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies were as follows (the amounts presented 
are shown in the foreign currencies):

31-Dec-16 ('000)

Assets

Liabilities

Cash 
and  cash 
equivalents 
   22,652 
         95 
         12 
        157 
   12,652 

US Dollars
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SDG

Other 
assets
        203 
          -   
          -   
     1,692 
     7,501 

Total
assets
   22,855 
         95 
         12 
     1,849 
   20,153 

Put 
option
          -   
          -   
          -   
    (4,017)
          -   

Finance 
lease
   (7,866)
          -   
          -   
          -   
          -   

Trade 
payables 
and other 
liabilities 

Total

liability Net exposure
   12,370 
         27 
      (199)
   (3,315)
   16,130 

   (2,619)   (10,485)
        (68)
        (68)
      (211)
      (211)
   (5,164)
   (1,147)
   (4,023)
   (4,023)

31-Dec-15 ('000)

Assets

Liabilities

US Dollars
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SDG

Cash
   12,581 
         87 
         11 
        210 
   12,609 

Other 
assets
          -   
          -   
          -   
     1,432 
     4,222 

Total
assets
   12,581 
         87 
         11 
     1,642 
   16,831 

Put 
option
          -   
          -   
          -   
    (4,320)
          -   

Finance 
lease
     (8,986)
          -   
          -   
          -   
          -   

The following is the exchange rates applied against EGP:

Trade 
payables 
and other 
liabilities 

Total

liability Net exposure
   1,637 
        (39)
           3 
   (3,783)
      (821)

   (1,958)     (10,944)
      (126)
      (126)
          (8)
          (8)
   (5,425)
   (1,105)
  (17,652)   (17,652)

US Dollar
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SAR
SDG

US Dollar
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SAR
SDG

Average rate for the year ended

2016
                   10.15 
                   11.09 
                   13.43 
                   14.57 
                     2.71 
                     1.20 

Spot rate at the year ended 

31-Dec-16
                   18.00 
                   18.87 
                   22.04 
                   25.41 
                     4.80 
                     1.13 

2015
7.70
8.48
11.73
10.81
2.05
1.20

31-Dec-15
7.78
8.46
11.52
10.90
2.07
1.28

94

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95

At 31 December 2016, if the Egyptian Pounds had weakened / strengthened by 10% against the US Dollar with all other vari-
ables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been increased / decreased by EGP 22k (2015: EGP 8,264k), mainly 
as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of US dollar-denominated financial assets and liabilities. The effect 
on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP (2,500k) due to the impact from translation of foreign subsidiaries.

 
 
At 31 December 2016, if the Egyptian Pounds had weakened / strengthened by 10% against the Jordanian Dinar with all 
other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been increased / decreased by EGP (8k) (2015: EGP 
(4,124k)),  mainly  as  a  result  of  foreign  exchange  gains/losses  on  translation  of  JOD  -  denominated  financial  assets  and 
liabilities. The effect on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP (1,667k) due to the impact from translation 
of foreign subsidiaries.

At 31 December 2016, if the Egyptian Pounds had weakened / strengthened by 10% against the Sudanese Pound with all 
other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been increased / decreased by EGP 2k (2015: EGP 
(105k)), mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of SDG -denominated financial assets and li-
abilities. The effect on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP (162k) due to the impact from translation of 
foreign subsidiaries.

Price risk
The group does not have investments in equity securities or bonds and accordingly is not exposed to price risk related to 
the change in the fair value of the investments.

Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, 
leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and 
from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and 
other financial instruments.  

Credit risk is managed on a group basis, except for credit risk relating to accounts receivable balances. Each local entity is 
responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of their new clients before standard payment and delivery 
terms and conditions are offered. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and 
deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables 
and committed transactions. 

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments:

Year ended 31 December 2016
Obligations under finance leases
Put option liability 
Trade and other payables

Year ended 31 December 2015

Obligations under finance leases

Put option liability

Trade and other payables

1 year or less
EGP’000
                  48,373 
                102,082 
                211,533 
                361,988 

1 year or less
EGP’000

                  22,321 

                  69,956 

                151,320 

                243,597 

1 to 5 years
EGP’000
152,234 
                   -   
                   -   
152,234 

more than 5 years
EGP’000
8,438 
                   -   
                   -   
8,438 

1 to 5 years
EGP’000

more than 5 years
EGP’000

62,681 

                   -   

                   -   

62,681 

21,375 

                   -   

                   -   

21,375 

Total
EGP’000
 209,045 
 102,082 
 211,533 
 522,660 

Total
EGP’000

 106,377 

   69,956 

 151,320 

 327,653 

Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the group and aggregated by group finance. Group finance 
monitors rolling forecasts of the group’s liquidity requirements to ensure it has

sufficient cash to meet operational needs. Such forecasting takes into consideration the group’s compliance with internal 
financial position ratio targets and, if applicable external regulatory or legal requirements – for example, currency restrictions.

The  group’s  management  retain  cash  balances  in  order  to  allow  repayment  of  obligations  in  due  dates,  without  taking 
into account any unusual effects which it cannot be predicted such as natural disasters. All suppliers and creditors will be 
repaid over a period not less 30 days from the date of the invoice or the date of the commitment.

For banks and financial institutions, the Group is only dealing with the banks which have a high independent rating and a 
good reputation.

16.  inventoRies

Trade receivables
Each business unit subject to the Group’s established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk man-
agement manages customer credit risk. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an individual credit limits are 
defined in accordance with this assessment. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and the average 
general credit terms given to contract customers are 45 days.

An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major clients. In addition, a large 
number of minor receivables are grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The calcula-
tion is based on actual incurred historical data. The Group does not hold collateral as security.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets disclosed 
in Note 17. 

Cash and cash equivalents
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Group’s treasury department in accordance 
with the Group’s policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit limits 
assigned to each counterparty. Counterparty credit limits are reviewed by the Group’s Board of Directors on an annual basis, 
and may be updated throughout the year subject to approval of the Group’s management. The limits are set to minimise the 
concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through a counterparty’s potential failure to make payments.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents disclosed in Note 18.

Liquidity risk
The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of finance 
leases and loans.

Chemicals and operating supplies

2016 
EGP’000
51,715
51,715

2015 
EGP’000
34,326
34,326

During 2016, EGP 184,087k (2015: EGP 172,354k) was recognised as an expense for inventories carried at net realisable 
value. This was recognised in cost of sales.

17.  tRaDe anD otheR Receivables

Trade receivables
Prepaid expenses
Receivables due from related parties
Other receivables
Accrued revenue

2016 
EGP’000
      107,193 
       27,502 
         4,294 
         6,214 
         3,172 
      148,375 

2015 
EGP’000
      100,033 
       13,467 
            465 
         2,143 
         1,047 
      117,155 

For terms and conditions relating to related party receivables, refer to Note 27.

As at 31 December 2016, trade and other receivables with an initial carrying value of EGP 27,222k (2015: EGP 25,098k) 
were impaired and fully provided for. Below shows the movements in the provision for impairment of trade and other 
receivables: 

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At 1 January 
Charge for the year
Utilised
Unused amounts reversed
Exchange differences
At 31 December

2016 
EGP’000
       25,098 
         4,298 
              -   
           (2,768)
               594 
       27,222 

2015 
EGP’000
            19,132 
              9,230 
               (343)
             (2,873)
                 (48)
            25,098 

20.   otheR investments

Fixed term deposits
Treasury bills

2016 
EGP’000
                90,000 
             5,575
                95,575 

2015 
EGP’000
                      -   
               -
                      -   

As at 31 December, the ageing analysis of trade receivables is as follows:

2016
2015

Total
EGP’000
      107,193 
      100,033 

1 - 30 days
EGP’000
        54,072 
        29,508 

30-60 days
EGP’000
         8,450 
       28,774 

61-90 days
EGP’000
      19,477 
      20,668 

Over 90 days
EGP’000
            25,194 
            21,083 

The maturity date of the fixed term deposit between 9–12 months and the effective interest rate on the deposit is 14.65%. 
The maturity date of the treasury bills is between 3–6 months and have settled interest rate of 18.10%.

Fixed term deposits and treasury bills are classified as held to maturity.

21.  shaRe capital anD ReseRve
The Company’s ordinary share capital is $150,000,000 equivalent to EGP 1,072,500,000.

All shares are authorised and fully paid and have a pair value of $1.

18.  cash anD cash equivalent

Cash at banks and on hand
Short-term deposits (less than 3 months)

2016 
EGP’000
      426,578 
      257,143 
      683,721 

2015 
EGP’000
  124,332 
  263,384 
  387,716 

In issue at beginning of the year
In issue at the end of the year

Ordinary shares
31-Dec-16
      150,000,000 
      150,000,000 

Ordinary shares
31-Dec-15
      150,000,000 
      150,000,000 

EGP 14,355K (2015: EGP 16,166K) of total cash and cash equivalents are held in subsidiaries operating in Sudan. As detailed 
in note 5 no cash will be remitted from Sudanese subsidiaries until such a time as the sanctions imposed on Sudan are 
clarified or released and International banks facilitate transactions with Sudanese businesses.

Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. Short-term deposits are made for varying 
periods of between one day and three months, depending on the immediate cash requirements of the Group, and earn 
interest at the respective short-term deposit rates ranging from 10%- 11% per annum.

19.  RestRicteD cash

Restricted cash

2016 
EGP’000
                13,253 
                13,253 

2015 
EGP’000
                      -   
                      -   

The cash balance related to “Molecular Diagnostic Center” and not available for use by the Group because the entity de-
consolidated starting May 2016 and control has been transferred to the liquidator. The process of liquidation will take more 
than one year and once complete the total cash amount is expected to be returned to IDH.

Capital reserve
The capital reserve was created when the Group’s previous parent company, Integrated Diagnostics Holdings LLC – IDH 
(Caymans) arranged its own acquisition by Integrated Diagnostics Holdings PLC, a new legal parent. The balances arising 
represent the difference between the value of the equity structure of the previous and new parent companies. When the 
capital position of the parent company is rearranged, the capital reserve is adjusted appropriately such that the equity 
balances presented in the Group accounts best reflect the underlying structure of the Group’s capital base.

Legal reserves
Legal reserve was formed based on the legal requirements of the Egyptian law governing the Egyptian subsidiaries. Ac-
cording to the Egyptian subsidiaries’ article of association 5% (at least) of the annual net profit is set aside to from a legal 
reserve. The transfer to legal reserve ceases once this reserve reaches 50% of the entity’s issued capital. If the reserve falls 
below the defined level, then the entity is required to resume forming it by setting aside 5% of the annual net profits until it 
reaches 50% of the issued share capital.  

Put option reserve 
Through acquisitions made within the Group, put option arrangements have been entered into to purchase the remaining 
equity interests in subsidiaries from the vendors at a subsequent date. At acquisition date an initial put option liability is 
recognised and a corresponding entry recognised within the put option reserve. After initial recognition the accounting 
policy for put options is to recognise all changes in the carrying value of the liability within put option reserve. When the 
put option is exercised by the vendors the amount recognised within the reserve will be reversed.

Translation reserve
The foreign currency translation reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial 
statements of foreign subsidiaries, including gains or losses arising on net investment hedges.

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22.  DistRibutions maDe anD pRoposeD

24.  tRaDe anD otheR payables

Cash dividends on ordinary shares declared and paid:
US$ 0.06 per qualifying ordinary share (2015: US$ nil)

2016 
EGP’000

79,470
79,470

2015 
EGP’000

      - 
      - 

After the balance sheet date the following dividends were proposed by 
the directors (the dividends have not been provided for):
US$0.14 per share (2015: US$ 0.06) per share

             378,000 

79,470     

Trade payables
Accrued expenses 
Other payables
Put option liability 
Finance lease liabilities

2016 
EGP’000
    126,069 
     77,646 
       7,818 
    102,082 
     32,161 
     345,776 

2015 
EGP’000
    70,743 
    73,747 
      6,830 
64,069
    14,242 
   229,631

The proposed 2016 dividend on ordinary shares are subject to approval at the annual general meeting and is not recognised 
as a liability as at 31 December 2016.

The accounting policy for put options after initial recognition is to recognise all changes in the carring value of the put 
liability within equity. 

23.  pRovision

At 1 January 2016
Provision made during the year
Provision used during the year
Provision reversed during the year
At 31 December 2016
Current
Non- Current

At 1 January 2015
Provision made during the year
Provision used during the year
Provision reversed during the year
At 31 December 2015
Current
Non- Current

Egyptian 
Government 
Training Fund for 
employees
EGP’000
                    7,995 
                    2,016 
                         -   
-
                  10,011 
                         -   
                  10,011 

Egyptian 
Government 
Training Fund for 
employees
EGP’000
                    6,606 
                    1,389 
                         -   
                         -   
                    7,995 
                         -   
                    7,995 

Provision for legal 
claims
EGP’000
              2,967 
                 208 
               (267)
               (717)
              2,191 
                   -   
              2,191 

Provision for legal 
claims
EGP’000
              2,372 
              1,492 
               (891)
                   (6)
              2,967 
                   -   
              2,967 

Total
EGP’000
   10,962 
     2,224 
      (267)
      (717)
   12,202 
          -   
   12,202 

Total
EGP’000
     8,978 
     2,881 
      (891)
          (6)
   10,962 
          -   
   10,962 

Employees training provision
The provision for employees training fund have been provided for in accordance with the Egyptian law and regulations.

Legal claims provision
The amount comprises the gross provision in respect of legal claims brought against the Group. Management’s opinion, 
after  taking  appropriate  legal  advice,  is  that  the  outcome  of  these  legal  claims  will  not  give  rise  to  any  significant  loss 
beyond the amounts provided as at 31 December 2016.

Through the historic acquisitions of Makhbariyoun Al Arab and Golden Care Medical Services the Group entered into 2 
separate put option arrangements to purchase the remaining equity interests from the vendors at a subsequent date. At 
acquisition a put option liability has been recognised for the net present value for the exercise price of the option.

The options are exercisable in whole from the fifth anniversary of completion of the original purchase agreement, which 
fell due in June 2016.

In July 2016 the Group was notified by the vendors of Golden Care Medical Services that the put option had been exercised. 
The purchase of the remaining shares has been completed in December 2016 which amounting EGP 10,450K of cash con-
sideration paid for the remaining equity interest. 

25.  long-teRm financial obligations

Finance lease liabilities (see note 26)

26.  commitments anD contingencies
Operating lease commitments 
Non-cancellable operating lease rentals are payable as follows:

Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

2016 
EGP’000
    119,638 
119,638

2015 
EGP’000
60,327
60,327

2016 
EGP’000
39,805
139,466
81,868
                261,139 

2015 
EGP’000
                   21,706 
                   68,817 
                   37,450 
                127,973 

The Group lease certain branches for the operation of the business. During the year EGP 32,234K was recognised as an 
expense in the income statement in respect of operating leases (2015: EGP 22,278K).

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Finance lease 
The Group has finance leases for various items of plant and machinery. Future minimum lease payments under finance 
leases and hire purchase contracts, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments are, as follows:

Contingent liabilities
There are no contingent liabilities relating to the group’s transactions and commitment with banks.

Finance lease liability – laboratory equipment
Finance lease liability – other

Finance lease liabilities for the laboratory equipment are payable as follows

At 31 December 2016
Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

At 31 December 2015
Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

Minimum lease 
payments
2016
EGP’000
47,834
150,971
8,438
207,243

Minimum lease 
payments
2015
EGP’000
21,860
62,681
21,375
105,916

2016 
EGP’000
149,996
1,803
151,799

2015 
EGP’000
74,023
461
74,484

Interest
2016
EGP’000
16,212
38,628
2,407
57,247

Interest
2015
EGP’000
7,965
20,290
3,638
31,893

Principal
2016
EGP’000
31,622
112,343
6,031
149,996

Principal
2015
EGP’000
13,895
42,391
17,737
74,023

The Group entered into 2 significant agreements during the prior year ended 31 December 2015 to service the Group’s new 
state-of-the-art Mega Lab. Both agreements have minimum annual commitment payments to cover the supply of medical 
diagnostic equipment, kits and chemicals to be used for testing and ongoing maintenance and support services over the 
term of the agreement. The agreement periods are 5 and 8 years which is deemed to reflect the useful life of the equipment. 
If the minimum annual commitment payments are met over the agreement period ownership of the equipment supplied 
will legally transfer to the IDH. Management fully expect to be able to fulfil the minimum payments and the basis of treating 
the proportion of payments relating to the supply of equipment as a finance lease.

Management have performed a fair value exercise in order to allocate payments between the different elements of the ar-
rangements and identify the implicit interest rate of the finance lease. Due to the difficulty in reliably splitting the payments 
for the supply of medical equipment from the total payments made, the finance asset and liability has been recognised at 
an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying equipment. This is based on the current cost price of the equipment 
supplied provided by the suppliers of the agreement. The implicit interest rate of both finance leases has been estimated 
to be 11.5%. The equipment is being depreciated based on units of production method as this most closely reflects the 
consumption of the benefits from the equipment.

Both agreements have been judged to be US$ denominated due to the future minimum lease payments for the use of the 
equipment and corresponding finance lease liability being directly connected to the US$.  Due to the significant devalua-
tion in the EGP against the US$ a foreign exchange loss of EGP 85,078k has been recognised in 2016 on translating the two 
‘monetary’ finance lease liabilities at the year end exchange rate. 

27.  RelateD paRty DisclosuRes
The significant transactions with related parties, their nature volumes and balance during the period 31 December 2016 
and 2015 are as follows:

31-Dec-16

Nature of 
relationship

Transaction 
amount of the year
EGP’000

Amount due from
EGP’000

Related Party

Health-care Tech Company*

Life Scan (S.A.E)**

International Fertility (IVF)***

Nature of transaction
Expenses paid on 
behalf
Expenses paid on 
behalf    
Expenses paid on 
behalf
Rental income

Affiliate*

Affiliate**

Affiliate***

Integrated Treatment for Kidney Diseases 
(S.A.E)
Total

Medical Test analysis

Entity owned by 
Company’s CEO

16

-

3,760
274

53

204

277

3,760

53
4,294

Related Party

Health-care Tech Company

Life Scan (S.A.E)
Integrated Treatment for Kidney Diseases 
(S.A.E)
Total

Nature of 
transaction
Expenses paid on 
behalf
Expenses paid on 
behalf   

Rental income

31-Dec-15

Nature of 
relationship

Transaction 
amount of the year
EGP’000

Amount due from
EGP’000

Affiliate*

Affiliate**
Entity owned by 
Company’s CEO

75

277

274

188

277

-
465

* Health-care Tech is a company whose shareholders include Dr. Seham Ibrahim (a member of the Senior Management).

** Life Scan is a company whose shareholders include Dr. Alaa Abd El-Rehim (a member of the Senior Management).

*** International Fertility (IVF) is a company whose shareholders include Dr. Moamena Kamel ( founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs).

Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties
The transactions with the related parties are made on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions. 
Outstanding  balances  at  the  year-end  are  unsecured  and  interest  free  and  settlement  occurs  in  cash.  There  have  been 
no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables. For the year ended 31 December 2016, 
the Group has not recorded any impairment of receivables relating to amounts owed by related parties (2015: nil). This 
assessment is undertaken each financial year through examining the financial position of the related party and the market 
in which the related party operates.

IDH commits up to 1% of the net after-tax profit of the subsidiaries Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar to the Moamena Kamel 
Foundation  for  Training  and  Skill  Development.  Established  in  2006  by  Dr.  Moamena  Kamel,  a  Professor  of  Pathology 
at Cairo University and founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs and mother to the CEO Dr. Hend El Sherbini. The 
Foundation allocates this sum to organisations and groups in need of assistance. The foundation deploys an integrated 

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Idh annual report 2016   103

program and vision for the communities it helps that include economic, social, and healthcare development initiatives. In 
2016 EGP 2,740K (2015: EGP 800K) was paid to the foundation by the IDH Group.

Compensation of key management personnel of the Group
The amounts disclosed in the table are the amounts recognised as an expense during the reporting period related to key 
management personnel.

Short-term employee benefits
Share-based payment transactions*
Total compensation paid to key management personnel

2016 
EGP’000
23,085
-
23,085

2015 
EGP’000
       17,252
        1,034
       18,286

The Executive receive incentive award in the form of an award of ordinary shares in the company (‘’Shares’’) or as a cash payment at the Executive’s 

discretion (in either case, an ‘’Award’’). During 2016 and within the required notice period, the Executive made the decision to receive their 2015 Award 

in cash payment and not shares.

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idhcorp.com