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Integrated Diagnostics Holdings

idhc · LSE Healthcare
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FY2017 Annual Report · Integrated Diagnostics Holdings
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A Leading Consumer Healthcare  
Company in the Middle East and Africa

Annual Report 2017

A long track record for quality and safety has 
earned the Group a trusted reputation, as well 
as internationally recognised accreditations

TABlE OF
ContEntS

Strategic Report    

IDH at a Glance  
Highlights in 2017 
Financial & Operational Performance 
A Note from Our Chairman 
A Note from Our CEO 
Our  Markets 
IDH’s Competitive Strengths & Business Model 
Our Healthcare Systems 
Our Business Model 
Internationally Accredited Test Portfolio 
Growth  Strategy  
Principal Risks, Uncertainties and Their Mitigation  
Financial Review  

Corporate Responsibility  
Corporate Governance  

Board of Directors 
Corporate Governance  Report  
Audit Committee  Report 
Remuneration Committee  Report 
Directors’ Report  

Financial Statements  

02
 04
 06
 08
 10
 12
 16
 24
 26
 28
30
 32
 34
 40

46
48
 50
 52
 58
 62
 64

68

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Strategic 
Report

IDH is well-positioned with trusted brands, strong 
supplier relationships, and a proven asset-light 
business model to deliver high-quality medical 
diagnostics to the Middle East and Africa regions

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

5

4

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

IDH 
at a Glance

Integrated  Diagnostics  Holdings  (“IDH,”  the  “Group,”  or 
the  “Company”)  is  a  leading  consumer  healthcare  com-
pany with operations in Egypt, Jordan, Sudan and Nigeria.  
A long track record for quality and safety has earned the 
Group  a  trusted  reputation,  as  well  as  internationally 
recognised  accreditations  for  its  portfolio  of  over  1,400 
diagnostics  tests.  From  its  base  of  383  branches  as  of  31 
December 2017, the Company will continue to add labo-
ratories through a Hub, Spoke and Spike business model 
that provides a scalable platform for efficient expansion. 

Beyond  organic  growth,  IDH’s  expansion  plans  include 
acquisitions in new Middle Eastern and African markets 
where  its  model  is  well-suited  to  capitalise  on  similar 
healthcare and consumer trends and capture a significant 
share of underpenetrated and highly-fragmented markets. 
Notably in early 2018, the Group expanded its geographic 
footprint with an investment in Nigeria, Africa’s largest and 
most populous country. IDH has been a Jersey-registered 
entity with a Standard Listing on the Main Market of the 
London Stock Exchange since May 2015.

egp 1,514  mn

in revenue in 2017, 
up 29% on 2016

+ 39 years

383

6

track record at the 
subsidiary level

operational branch labs as 
at  31 December 2017

key brands with strong 
awareness in underserved 
markets*

26 mn

6.4 mn

+ 1400

tests completed across the 
Group in 2017

patients served across the 
Group in 2017

internationally accredited 
diagnostic tests offered

*As at January 2018. 

egp 384 mn

in net profit in 2017, 
up 44% on 2016

Dividend

of US$ 0.16 per share         
(vs. US$ 0.14 in 2016)

6

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Highlights of 2017

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

7

net foreign  

exchange loss

Revenues 

Gross profit  

increased 29% to EGP 1,514 million in 2017 from EGP 1, 171 
million in 2016, driven by a combination of better pricing, 
favourable currency translation and higher volumes.

gained 16% to EGP 730 million from EGP 628 million in 2016, 
despite ongoing inflationary pressures on raw material costs 
following the November 2016 floatation of the Egyptian pound.  

Net profit   

EBITDA* 

grew 44% year-on-year to EGP 384 million in 2017 versus EGP 
267 million in 2016, benefiting from increased interest income 
and a lower foreign exchange loss.

grew 18% to EGP 602 million from EGP 511 million in 2016, 
despite higher raw material costs as well as higher rent and 
utilities expenses.

Interest income 

Operating profit 

reached EGP 51 million versus EGP 21 million a year earlier, 
reflecting highly effective management of excess cash.  

rose 16% to EGP 540 million compared with EGP 466 million in 
2016, also constrained by post-devaluation inflationary pressures. 

Net foreign exchange loss

Earnings per share 

amounted to EGP 20 million, substantially lower than EGP 89 
million in 2016. 

of EGP 2.49 compared with EGP 1.74 in 2016.

Recommended final dividend 

Expansion of branch network 

of US$ 0.16 (sixteen US$ cents) per share, equivalent to US$ 24 
million in total, compared with US$ 0.14 (fourteen US$ cents) 
per share, equivalent to US$ 21 million in total in 2016.

to 383 in 2017 from 354 in 2016 represented 8% annual unit growth.

Immunology

Microbiology

Haematology

Endocrinology

Clinical Chemistry

Molecular Biology

Cytogenetics

Histopathology

Radiology

Sudan

Egypt

Jordan

Nigeria

our Brands
In  Egypt,  IDH’s  largest  market,  the 
Group’s core brands include Al Borg 
and  Al  Mokhtabar,  each  of  which  is 
well-known  and  enjoys  a  loyal  fol-
lowing.  In  Jordan,  the  Company  op-
erates Biolab; in Sudan, Ultralab and 
Al Mokhtabar Sudan; and in Nigeria, 
Echo-Scan*. 

our Services
IDH  offers  more  than  1,400  diagnos-
tic  pathology  tests,  ranging  from 
basic blood glucose tests for diabetes 
to  advanced  molecular  testing  for 
genetic disorders. 

our Geography
IDH’s geographic platform has expand-
ed to include four countries across the 
Middle East and Africa including Egypt, 
Sudan, Jordan and Nigeria*.

* EBITDA is calculated as operating profit (EGP 540 million) plus depreciation (EGP 62 million) and amortisation (nil).

*As at January 2018. 

8

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

9

Financial & Operational 
Performance

IDH delivered strong operational and financial results in the year ended 
31 December 2017, despite macroeconomic challenges, in particular 
high inflation — in sharp contrast to many consumer names in Egypt

Indicator

units

2017

2016

Operational

Number of Tests

mn

Number of Patients

mn

Number of Labs

Tests per Patient

#

#

Financial

25.7

6.4

383

4.03

24.1

  5.8

 354

4.16

Revenue

EGP mn

1,514

1,171

Per Patient

Per Test

EGP

EGP

Per Lab

EGP mn

EBITDA*

EGP mn

Net Profit

EGP mn

238

59.0

4.0

602

384

   201

  48.6

    3.3

   511

   267

Earnings per share 

EGP

2.49

  1.74

Revenue by Geography 2017 and 2016

Revenue by type in 2017 and 2016

% of total revenue  
in 2016

% of total revenue  
in 2017

■ Egypt

■ Jordan

■ Sudan

■ Egypt

■ Jordan

■ Sudan

83%

14%

3%

83%

14%

3%

% of total revenue  
in 2016

■ Walk in

■ Contract

39%

61%

% of total revenue  
in 2017

■ Walk in

■ Contract

39%

61%

* EBITDA is calculated as operating profit (EGP 540 million) plus depreciation (EGP 62 million) and amortisation (nil).

10

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

A Note  
from Our Chairman

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

11

In  2017,  your  Company  delivered  very  encouraging  op-
erational  and  financial  performance  despite  the  ongo-
ing  macroeconomic  challenges  in  our  primary  market. 
We  also  expanded  our  footprint  in  Africa  in  early  2018 
with  a  key  strategic  investment  in  Nigeria  that  will 
broaden our diagnostic services suite beyond pathology 
to include radiology. 

We have seen more sustainable macroeconomic stability 
in  Egypt.  Whilst  inflationary  pressures  persist,  the  Gov-
ernment has been implementing a robust programme of 
reforms  that  has  resulted  in  stronger  economic  growth 
and  led  to  increased  foreign  direct  investment  with  the 
improvement in general confidence. The Central Bank of 
Egypt (CBE)’s floatation of the Egyptian pound in Novem-
ber 2016, with the ensuing lifting of capital controls, has 
freed up the foreign exchange market, thus improving the 
ease of doing business in the country.     

Despite  the  ongoing  inflationary  headwinds,  IDH  main-
tained  both  our  profit  margins  and  market  share.  The 
well-entrenched  strength  of  our  brands  and  supplier 
relationships  enabled  our  management  to  successfully 
execute  our  business  model.  We  are  naturally  delighted 
by the recovery in our stock price. Your management are 
constantly seeking to consolidate and maintain the prof-
itability  of  the  business  with  the  provision  of  additional 
value-added services. With our long-established presence 
in  Egypt,  together  with  our  loyal  patient  base,  we  have 
built a considerable base of patient data whilst at all times 
maintaining strict confidentiality and privacy.

We  remain  committed  to  fulfilling  our  business  strategy 
through  expanding  our  geographical  footprint  in  other 
countries,  both  in  Africa  and  in  the  Middle  East.  We  are 
delighted by the growth and strength of our subsidiaries in 
Jordan and Sudan, which have successfully implemented 
our  business  model.  With  the  lifting  of  longstanding  US 
sanctions on Sudan, the outlook for that country has im-
proved markedly.  

With Nigeria having by far the largest population in Africa, 
we  are  keen  to  expand  our  presence  in  that  country.  We 
shall be building on our recent investment in Echo-Scan, 
a  network  of  radiology  and  diagnostic  laboratories  that 
has  provided  us  with  an  attractive  entry  point  into  the 
country.  With  its  fragmented  and  largely  unestablished 
healthcare services market, we see huge potential for fu-
ture growth to match our successful track record in Egypt. 
We  are  proud  to  be  investing  in  Nigeria  alongside  Man 
Capital LLC and the IFC.

We are very cognisant that as we expand the geographical 
reach of our emerging market platform, we must maintain 
our  high  standards  of  operational  excellence  and  ensure 
that  our  balance  sheet  remains  strong  and  resilient.  In 
2017, we also focused on strengthening our senior finan-
cial  management  team,  and  this  year  we  will  undertake 
a  comprehensive  review  of  all  aspects  of  our  human 
resources  management  so  as  to  entrench  and  ensure 
sustainable performance at all levels of the organisation.

We are at an advanced stage in building and completing 
our new corporate headquarters in Cairo, where consoli-
dating our offices will greatly facility the daily interaction 
of our staff.  

In  conclusion,  your  Board  and  management  are  com-
mitted  to  maintaining  strong  corporate  governance  and 
promoting  corporate  social  responsibility  whilst  under-
pinning  our  business  model  with  the  highest  standards 
of  accountability  and  transparency,  thus  fulfilling  the 
expectations of our shareholders. 

Lord St John of Bletso
Chairman
20 March 2018

We remain committed to 
fulfilling our business strategy 
through expanding our 
geographical footprint — both 
in Africa and in the Middle East

12

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

A Note  
from Our CEO

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

13

Fellow shareholders,
In  2017,  IDH  again  delivered  superior  operational  and 
financial  performance  despite  ongoing  macroeconomic 
challenges  in  Egypt,  our  largest  market.  We  have  also  ex-
panded our geographic reach with an investment in Nigeria 
in early 2018, adding a fourth country to our platform.

We close the year as a leading consumer healthcare com-
pany in the Middle East and Africa. Our proven business 
model  allowed  us  to  deliver  revenue  growth  of  29%  in 
2017, reflecting our ability to deliver high-quality medical 
diagnostic  services  to  more  than  six  million  patients  as 
measured by 26 million tests. We now look to sustain that 
performance thanks to our presence in Egypt and Nigeria 
— two of Africa’s largest and most populous countries — 
as well as our operations in Jordan and Sudan.

Strong operational and Financial performance
Our revenues were very strong throughout the 2017 year, 
increasing 29% year-on-year to EGP 1,514 million. Whilst 
patient and test volumes gained 9% and 7%, respectively, 
the power of the Group’s brands and the favourable impact 
of  our  tactical  marketing  campaigns  can  be  seen  most 
clearly in the recovery in volumes that is under way in our 
higher-margin  walk-in  patient  category.  Walk-in  patient 
revenues  grew  29%  period-on-period  as  patient  volumes 
rose 2% compared with a year-earlier decrease of 4%;  and 
test volumes rose 7% versus a 2% year-ago decline. 

Understanding that protracted high inflation in Egypt has 
had  the  most  significant  impact  on  our  patients  who  pay 
for  their  own  healthcare,  we  have  developed  our  market-
ing  programs  to  target  them  with  a  strong  health  aware-
ness  message  in  combination  with  a  compelling  value 
component. This includes offering bundled diagnostic test 
packages  for  lifestyle-related  diseases  and  chronic  health 
conditions; an in-house point redemption system; and bank 
partnerships for more affordable payment plans. Moreover, 
in recognition of the pressures being felt by all our patients, 

our price increases have been significantly below the high 
rates of inflation caused by the November 2016 devaluation 
of the Egyptian pound. The brand equity we have built over 
many  years  has  translated  into  strong  loyalty  among  the 
millions  of  patients  who  came  to  know  and  trust  us  long 
before facing the current inflationary pressures.

We continued to expand our geographic footprint in 2017, 
bringing  our  total  network  of  laboratories  to  383  with 
8%  annual  unit  growth.  We  opened  23  new  branches  in 
Egypt, four in Jordan and two in Sudan. It is noteworthy 
that our subsidiaries in both Jordan and Sudan continued 
their  steady  growth  last  year,  together  contributing  17% 
of consolidated sales and 9% of consolidated EBITDA last 
year. In Sudan, the recent lifting of longstanding US sanc-
tions marked an important milestone, signalling an end to 
the country’s economic isolation and paving the way for a 
brighter economic future.    

IDH delivered EBITDA growth of 18% year-on-year to EGP 
602  million  —  despite  shouldering  additional  corporate 
expense  burdens  that  accompanied  the  implementation 
of Egypt’s much-needed macroeconomic reforms. Beyond 
the lingering inflationary impact of the devaluation of the 
Egyptian  pound,  the  higher  costs  of  rent,  transportation 
and  utilities  were  all  pressure  points,  as  was  the  value-
added tax imposed in July 2016 and increased to 14% from 
13%  in  July  2017.  The  effect  of  higher  interest  rates  has 
been double-edged, as higher interest income on the large 
cash balances we carry on our balance sheet was partially 
offset  by  rising  interest  expenses  on  our  medium-term 
debt.  Our  bottom  line  did  benefit  from  a  substantially 
lower foreign exchange loss this year than last, helping net 
profit to rise 44% period-on-period to EGP 384 million.

from the College of American Pathologists (CAP), widely 
considered  the  leader  in  laboratory  quality  assurance 
globally.  The  international  accreditation  of  our  Mega 
Lab  constructs  a  competitive  barrier  to  entry  to  our 
markets  and,  as  importantly,  imparts  an  assurance  of 
quality and safety that engenders strong loyalty among 
our  valued  corporate  as  well  as  individual  customers. 
IDH operates the only laboratory in Egypt with the dis-
tinguished CAP accreditation. 

In sum, our Company stayed the course last year, relying 
on  the  fundamental  strength  of  our  brands  and  sharply 
focused on deploying our asset-light model. We have suc-
cessfully managed to contain our costs whilst at the same 
time upholding our high-quality standards Company-wide 
and maintaining our high patient and physician satisfac-
tion levels. By doing so, we were able to both protect our 
margins and increase our market share in 2017. 

In  marked  contrast  to  many  consumer  names  in  Egypt, 
IDH has been able to successfully drive volumes and pass 
on selected price increases post-devaluation. Beyond the 
insulation  provided  by  the  inherently  defensive  nature 
of the healthcare industry, I believe it is also very much 
a  testament  of  our  trusted  brands.  We  enter  2018  in  a 
strong  financial  position  with  an  under-leveraged  and 
highly  cash-generative  balance  sheet  that  provides  us 
with strategic flexibility. 

Macroeconomic progress in our Largest Market
There  is  welcome  evidence  that  Egypt,  representing  83% 
of our 2017 revenues, is turning the economic corner. Last 
year, demonstrable progress was seen regarding the imple-
mentation of reforms to stabilise the country’s finances as 
well as promote growth and employment. 

As  IDH  maintains  international-quality  accreditations 
to ensure best-in-class service, we are honoured to have 
been  awarded  the  certification  for  our  Cairo  Mega  Lab 

With  the  floatation  of  the  Egyptian  pound  in  November 
2016,  the  foreign  exchange  market  has  normalised  and 

We enter 2018 in a strong financial 
position with an under-leveraged 
and highly cash-generative balance 
sheet that provides us with 
strategic flexibility

14

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

15

the parallel market has been eliminated. After losing more 
than 50% of its value in 2016, the Egyptian pound closed 
the 2017 year at 17.67 per US$ 1.00, down only slightly from 
18.00 at 2016 year end. Among other reforms, the govern-
ment also began a gradual reduction of energy subsidies 
with  some  of  the  resources  reallocated  to  strengthening 
the social safety net. 

As  a  consequence  of  the  sharp  devaluation  of  the  cur-
rency as well as the new energy policy, however, inflation 
has remained high. In December 2017, headline inflation 
stood at 21.9% after peaking at 33% in July. To address this 
extreme inflationary pressure, the Central Bank of Egypt 
(CBE) has adopted tight monetary policy, with aggressive 
interest  rate  hikes  in  May  and  July  of  2017.  The  Govern-
ment of Egypt expects headline inflation to fall to 10-13% 
by the end of 2018, whilst the consensus forecast among 
analysts appears to be 13-14% at mid-year.  

Expanding 0ur Geographic Footprint in Africa 
I  am  also  pleased  to  report  that  in  early  2018  we  added 
Nigeria  to  our  geographic  footprint  as  a  “one-stop  shop” 
diagnostics  services  provider.  We  have  accomplished 
this by forming a joint venture with Man Capital LLC, the 
London-based  investment  arm  of  the  Mansour  Group, 
called  Dynasty  Holding  Group.  Dynasty  is  51%  owned 
and controlled by IDH, and together with Man Capital we 
are very pleased to have partnered with the International 
Finance  Corporation  to  invest  in  Eagle  Eye  Echo-Scan 
Limited.  Echo-Scan  is  a  leading  medical  diagnostics 
business  in  Nigeria  with  all  of  the  licenses  it  requires  to 
operate  and  expand  on  a  national  scale  in  Africa’s  most 
populous country. 

The  strategic  rationale  for  making  Nigeria  the  fourth 
country on our regional platform is compelling. Nigeria’s 
diagnostic services market is very large, highly fragmented 
and  underpenetrated,  offering  significant  opportunities 
for  growth  and  economies  of  scale.  As  importantly,  it 
shares many similarities with Egypt’s market in the 1980s 
and 1990s in terms of structure, pace of development, and 
the emerging disease profile of patients. 

Dynasty and the IFC have committed to invest significant 
capital  in  Echo-Scan  over  the  next  four  years.  Dynasty 

has acquired a majority stake in Echo-Scan and assumed 
management control of the company, whilst both Dynasty 
and  the  IFC  will  invest  US$  25  million  to  expand  Echo-
Scan’s diagnostics network, service offerings, and quality 
standards. I am especially pleased that we will be joining 
forces  with  Man  Capital,  an  organisation  that  matches 
our more than four decades of operating experience in the 
industry  with  similarly  long  experience  working  on  the 
ground in West Africa.

We will continue to look beyond Egypt to accelerate our 
long-term growth through strategic acquisitions. Consist-
ent  with  our  aim  to  make  modern  medical  diagnostics 
more  accessible  to  the  most  resource-poor  populations, 
we are eager to begin our work in Nigeria. Diagnostic test-
ing is becoming even more essential to quality healthcare, 
and  we  want  to  play  a  central  role  in  improving  health 
outcomes  in  all  of  our  emerging  markets.  In  particular, 
I  believe  we  have  a  unique  long-term  opportunity  to 
replicate  our  historical  growth  in  Egypt  by  applying  our 
extensive  knowledge  and  experience  to  unlock  the  same 
potential in Nigeria. 

proposed Dividend and Dividend policy
IDH is pleased to propose paying a final dividend of US$ 
0.16  (sixteen  US$  cents)  per  share,  or  US$  24  million  in 
aggregate, to shareholders in respect of the financial year 
ended  31  December  2017.  This  represents  an  increase  of 
14%  compared  to  a  final  dividend  of  US$  0.14  ( fourteen 
US$  cents),  or  US$  21  million  in  aggregate  the  previous 
financial year. 

In view of the strong cash-generative nature of our busi-
ness and its asset-light strategy, our dividend policy is to 
return  to  shareholders  the  maximum  amount  of  excess 
cash  after  taking  careful  account  of  the  cash  needed  to 
support  operations,  capital  expenditure  plans,  organic 
expansion opportunities, and potential acquisitions. 

2018 outlook
The  fundamentals  of  our  inherently  counter-cyclical 
healthcare  industry  remain  sound.  We  are  well  posi-
tioned with our strong brands and geographic position-
ing  to  capitalise  on  the  structural  drivers  that  support 
future  growth  in  medical  diagnostic  services  including 

large,  rapidly-growing  populations;  a  high  prevalence 
of  lifestyle-related  medical  conditions;  and  a  growing 
health consciousness in our emerging markets.  

We are looking forward to moving to our new corporate 
headquarters in 2018, which is located in Smart Village, a 
corporate office park in the city of Sixth of October, slightly 
west of Cairo. Our new headquarters will consolidate all of 
the  offices  we  have  been  occupying  in  the  city  core  into 
one building with sufficient space for the entire organisa-
tion, making day-to-day interaction much more efficient.    

We are keen to begin the process of integrating our new 
Nigerian  operations,  having  determined  our  first  priori-
ties. We will implement the policies and procedures that 
underpin the strong IDH corporate organisation starting 
with  the  establishment  of  an  IT  infrastructure  that  fully 
connects and controls all Echo-Scan branches, as well as 
a  Human  Resource  structure  that  taps  into  the  Group’s 
highly-qualified and experienced staff to apply the Group’s 
standards of efficiency to the Nigerian operations.  

We  look  to  the  coming  year  with  optimism  that  in  our 
largest  market  of  Egypt,  the  economy  will  continue  to 
gather  strength  characterised  by  an  easing  in  inflation 
and some appreciation in the currency. The fundamental 
strength  of  our  brands  and  our  solid  relationships  with 
our  suppliers  make  it  possible  for  us  to  successfully 
execute our scalable asset-light business model — even 
under  difficult  operating  conditions  such  as  those  we 
faced  in  2016  and  2017.  Accordingly,  we  guide  our  val-
ued  shareholders  to  once  again  expect  annual  revenue 
growth of 20% and an EBITDA margin of c. 40%. 

I  would  like  to  thank  our  Board,  management  team  and 
employees for their dedication and commitment, and our 
shareholders for their continued support. I am honoured 
to have you with us on this journey as a rapidly-growing 
consumer  healthcare  company  across  the  Middle  East 
and Africa.

Dr. Hend El-Sherbini
Chief Executive Officer
20 March 2018

16

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Our   
Markets

Egypt – our Largest Market

The Egyptian diagnostics industry can be broadly divided 
into public and private sector infrastructure, with the latter 
including both labs attached to private hospitals and inde-
pendent standalone labs (chains and single labs). According 
to the Boston Consulting Group (BCG), IDH is the largest 
fully-integrated private sector diagnostics service provider, 
with more than 50% share by revenue of the private chain 
market in Egypt.

Whilst the counter-cyclical nature of the healthcare system 
in  Egypt  has  been  challenged  by  ongoing  difficult  macro-
economic  conditions,  powerful  structural  growth  drivers 
continue to support future growth in diagnostic services:   
•	 With  the  country’s  population  crossing  the  100  mil-
lion mark in 2017, Egypt is the most populous country 
in  the  Middle  East  North  Africa  (“MENA”)  region;  in 
terms of demographics, it hosts a significant propor-
tion of elderly people. 

•	 The  population  is  marked  by  a  high  disease  burden, 
with  high  prevalence  of  both  communicable  and 
non-communicable  diseases,  tropical  diseases,  and 
lifestyle diseases such as diabetes.

•	 There is a rising prevalence of diseases commanding 
high test volumes, indicating an expanding need gap 
compared with more developed markets.

•	 There  is  ample  opportunity  to  increase  the  usage  of 
laboratory  diagnostics  as  a  tool  in  clinical  practice, 
the  awareness  of  which  will  be  raised  with  higher 
penetration of health insurance and improved cogni-
sance of preventive healthcare.

•	 Most labs in Egypt are concentrated in big cities; there 
is still substantial room to increase accessibility to lab 
services by adding branches in all of the country’s 29 
governorates for greater coverage of the population.
•	 The corporate market is emerging as a driver for di-
agnostic services, as more companies offer healthcare 
coverage to their employees.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

17

On our way to realising our full po-
tential as a leading consumer health-
care company in the Middle East and 
Africa, we are pleased to have added 
Nigeria, Africa’s largest and most 
populous country, to our geographic 
footprint in early 2018 

IDH  is  in  a  strong  competitive  position  in  the  Egyptian 
diagnostic industry, having created formidable barriers to 
entry with its 39-year track record, trusted brands, scalable 
business model and network of 340 branch labs at 2017 year 
end. This has been achieved by:

•	

IDH’s  accreditations,  which  underscore  the  high-
quality  and  safety  of  its  testing  capabilities,  are  key 
to  attracting  patients.  In  February  2018,  the  Group’s 
central  Mega  Lab  in  Cairo  earned  the  distinguished 
certification of The College of American Pathologists 
(CAP).  The  Mega  Lab,  inaugurated  in  2015,  replaced 
two smaller, independent “A labs” that were also CAP 
certified. 
IDH’s  long-established  brands  have  trusted  reputa-
tions that have engendered strong patient loyalty. 
•	 With  a  wide  geographic  presence,  IDH  is  well  po-
sitioned  to  cater  to  the  fragmented  nature  of  the 
regional market. 
IDH  has  a  strong  relationship  with  key  stakeholders 
such as physicians, patients and hospitals.

•	

•	

In  2017,  revenues  in  Egypt  increased  22%  year-on-year 
to EGP 1,251 million, driven by higher volumes as well as 
selected  price  increases.  Contract  revenues  gained  24%, 
whilst revenues in the walk-in category rose 19%. EBITDA 
grew 14% year-on-year to EGP 547 million, with an associ-
ated EBITDA margin of 44% versus 47%. Egypt is the Com-
pany’s  largest  market,  contributing  83%  of  total  revenues 
and  91%  of  total  EBITDA  in  2017.  Last  year,  IDH  treated 
9% more patients and performed  5% more tests  in  Egypt. 
At 2017 year end, there were 340 branch labs in Egypt, 7% 
more than a year earlier.

18

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report 

Jordan   

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

19

Jordan  has  one  of  the  most  modern 
health care infrastructures in the Mid-
dle  East.  Whilst  medical  services  re-
main highly concentrated in Amman, 
c.  70%  of  Jordanians  have  medical 
insurance.  Notably,  medical  laborato-
ries  must  abide  by  the  price  list  that 
was  issued  by  the  Jordanian  Ministry 
of Health in 2008, which has not since 
changed. Consequently, Biolab’s strat-
egy is to expand its range of check-up 
packages  offered,  thereby  increasing 
the  number  of  tests  per  patient.  In 
2017,  Biolab  performed  c.  1.5  million 
tests  for  c.  242,000  patients,  generat-
ing 6.2 average tests-per-patient com-
pared with 6.1 in 2016.

Unlike  Al  Borg  and  Al  Mokhtabar  in 
Egypt, Biolab does not operate a Hub, 
Spoke  and  Spike  business  model. 
Whilst Biolab’s 18 central labs perform 
many  of  the  +1,000  pathology  tests 
offered,  four  that  are  considered  spe-
cialty  labs  perform  particular  types 
of  tests  including,  but  not  limited  to, 
haematology,  endocrinology, 
immu-
nochemistry,  parasitology,  oncology, 
transfusion medicine, molecular genet-

ics and antenatal diagnostics and gene 
sequencing.  Furthermore,  Biolab  does 
not  share  purchasing,  supply  and  lo-
gistics, IT, marketing or sales functions 
with its Egyptian parent company. 

In 2017, Biolab signed a joint venture 
agreement with Georgia-based EVEX 
Medical Corporation to establish the 
largest  medical  laboratory  among 
West  Asian  countries,  which  will  be 
located  in  Tbilsi.  This  4,000-square-
metre facility will connect more than 
40  hospitals  and  diagnostic  centres 
that are part of the EVEX network. 

EVEX  Medical  Corporation  is  the 
largest chain of hospitals in Georgia, 
currently  operating  78  clinics  in  six 
regions of the country. The agreement 
between  Biolab  and  EVEX  has  two 
components:  i)  the  implementation 
of  Biolab’s  technological  platforms 
and laboratory information manage-
ment  systems  (LIMS)  at  EVEX;  and 
ii)  taking  the  Mega  Lab  through  the 
Joint Commission International ( JCI) 
accreditation within two years of the 
laboratory’s  expected  launch  date. 

The  new  laboratory  is  expected  to 
open in the second half of 2018, with 
initial  installations  and  connectiv-
ity,  as  well  as  the  training  of  quality 
control  officers  in  both  Jordan  and 
Georgia,  completed.    All  tests  that 
are not performed in Georgia will be 
referred to Biolab in Jordan.     

In 2017, revenues from operations in 
Jordan increased 94% to EGP 218 mil-
lion, in large part due to the favorable 
impact  of  translating  Jordanian  di-
nars ( JOD) into Egyptian pounds. The 
subsidiary did perform well, however, 
notably achieving a 14% revenue gain 
in  local  currency.  Patient  and  test 
volumes were both strong, rising 12% 
and 13%, respectively. Whilst EBITDA 
grew 71% year-on-year to EGP 41 mil-
lion,  higher  salary  and  rental  costs 
associated  with  the  opening  of  four 
new  branches  in  2017  pressured  the 
EBITDA margin by c. 200 basis points 
to  19%.  Jordan  contributed  14%  of 
2017 revenues (2016: 10%) and 7% of 
EBITDA (2016: 5%). At 2017 year end, 
there  were  18  branch  labs  in  Jordan, 
4% more than a year earlier. 

218 

egp
mn

in revenues in 2017, for 
94% y-o-y growth

18

branch laboratories offer 
1,000+ pathology tests

20

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Sudan

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

21

IDH operates under two brand names 
in Sudan, Ultralab and Al Mokhtabar 
Sudan.  Al  Borg  acquired  a  majority 
interest  in  Ultralabs  in  2011,  whilst 
Al  Mokhtabar  Sudan  had  been  es-
tablished in 2010 prior to the Group’s 
acquisition of Al Mokhtabar in Egypt. 
While  Al  Mokhtabar  Sudan  operates 
independently,  Ultralab  shares  pur-
chasing,  supply  and  logistics,  and  IT 
functions  with  the  Company’s  Egyp-
tian operations. 

Sudan  has  endured  social  conflict, 
civil  war,  and  with  the  2011  seces-
sion  of  South  Sudan,  the  loss  of  c. 
75%  of  the  oil  production  that  had 
underpinned the country’s economic 
growth  since  1999  and  had  been  its 
main source of foreign currency. The 
government  had  been  struggling  to 
re-stabilise  the  economy,  pressured 

further  by  international  sanctions 
imposed by the US and others.

In October 2017, the US decided to lift 
a host of sanctions imposed 20 years 
ago  that  included  a  comprehensive 
trade  embargo,  a  freeze  on  govern-
ment assets and tight restrictions on 
financial  institutions  dealing  with 
the  country.  The  subsequent  weak-
ening of the Sudanese pound (SDG) 
resulted in the government’s January 
2018  devaluation  of  the  currency,  a 
necessary  step  toward  growth  and 
investment.  Meanwhile,  the  lifting 
is  an 
of 
important  milestone  for  the  people 
and  businesses  of  Sudan,  signaling 
an  end  to  the  country’s  economic 
isolation  and  a  renewal  of  interest 
among  Western  investors  eager  to 
enter the region. 

longstanding  sanctions 

In  2017,  revenues  from  operations  in 
Sudan  increased  34%  year-on-year  to 
EGP  46  million  on  a  reported  basis. 
The  impact  of  translating  Sudanese 
dollars  (SDG)  into  Egyptian  pounds 
was negative, however, as revenues de-
nominated in the local currency gained 
55%.  Importantly,  the  top  line  was 
driven by the signing of a new and very 
substantial contract with the Sudanese 
government  that  contributed  to  43% 
more patients and 84% more tests last 
year. Whilst reported EBITDA declined 
13% year-on-year to EGP 14 million, in 
Sudanese  dollars  EBITDA  would  have 
gained  75%.  The  associated  EBITDA 
margin  was  31%  compared  with  22% 
in 2016. Sudan contributed 3% of total 
revenues  (2016:  3%)  and  2%  of  total 
EBITDA  (2016:  1%).  At  2017  year  end, 
there were 25 branch labs in Sudan, 2% 
more than a year earlier. 

46 

egp
mn

in revenues in 2017, for 
34% y-o-y growth

20 years

after being imposed, US 
trade sanctions are lifted

22

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Nigeria

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

23

the opportunity
In Nigeria, the medical diagnostics industry is large, val-
ued at c. US$ 140 million in 2017 and projected to reach 
US$ 1 billion by 20251, driven primarily by increased access 
to and spending on healthcare overall. This forecast could 
prove  conservative  should  the  government  spend  more 
than  currently  planned  under  difficult  macroeconomic 
conditions; and should health insurance be mandated for 
all companies sooner than expected. 

Whilst also highly fragmented, the industry can be broadly 
divided into three groups. The largest is independent stan-
dalone  labs  (chains  and  single  labs),  representing  c.  45% 
of the market. This should be considered in the context of 
the fact that there are only five key multi-unit players with 
different  brand  positioning  and  varied  service  offerings 
that  on  a  combined  basis  account  for  just  c.  7%  of  total 
test volumes and c. 20% of the diagnostic market’s value 
due to their ability to perform advanced tests.  The other 
two groups include public hospitals with 35% of the mar-
ket and private hospitals that make up the remaining 20%. 

1Source: Boston Consulting Group

the Investment
IDH has expanded its geographic platform to four coun-
tries with an investment in Nigeria’s promising healthcare 
industry. The  Group  closed  on  a  transaction  in  February 
2018 in which it formed a joint venture with Man Capital 
LLC  (“Man  Capital”),  the  London-based  investment  arm 
of  the  Mansour  Group,  called  Dynasty  Holding  Group 
(“Dynasty”), which is 51% owned and controlled by IDH. 
In turn, Dynasty partnered with the International Finance 
Corporation (“IFC”) to invest in Eagle Eye Echo-Scan Lim-
ited (“Echo-Scan”), a leading medical diagnostics business 
based in Nigeria. 

Dynasty and the IFC have committed to invest significant 
capital  in  Echo-Scan  over  the  next  four  years.    Dynasty 
has acquired a majority stake in Echo-Scan and assumed 
management  control  of  the  company,  whilst  both  Dy-
nasty  and  the  IFC  will  invest  US$  25  million  to  expand 
Echo-Scan’s  laboratory  network,  service  offerings,  and 
quality standards. 

Dynasty  combines  IDH’s  c.  four  decades  of  experience  in 
Africa’s  medical  diagnostics  industry  with  Man  Capital’s 
similarly  long  experience  on  the  ground  in  West  Africa  to 
drive  Echo-Scan’s  expansion  and  the  institutionalization  of 
all aspects of its operations. Echo-Scan enjoys a strong repu-
tation among physicians and patients alike and will greatly 
benefit from Dynasty’s extensive expertise.

The  process  of  integrating  Echo-Scan  will  begin  with  the 
realignment of its existing labs into IDH’s “Hub, Spoke and 
Spike” business model to form three B-labs (“Spokes” capable 
of processing routine tests) in Nigeria’s three major cities of 
Abuja, Lagos and Benin; and 12 C-labs (“Spikes” functioning 
as collection and basic test centres) in less populated areas. 
Dynasty’s four-year plan calls for an Echo-Scan network of 
50-plus  branches  including  conventional  B-labs,  enhanced 
B-labs (offering the most sophisticated radiology tests), and 
C-labs that will reach patients nationwide.   

In building the Echo-Scan brand, Dynasty aims to equate 
the  name  with  quality  and  safety,  embodying  the  same 
core values that have earned the Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar 
brands strong loyalty in Egypt over the years. The Group 
will also reach out as it does in Egypt to physicians with 
joint programs and medical conferences and newsletters; 
and  to  patients  through  public  relations  campaigns  and 
digital media customer relationship management (CRM) 
programs, among others.

190+ mn

people in Nigeria, Africa’s 
most populous country

140 

Us$
mn

the value of Nigeria’s 
diagnostics industry

24

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

IDH’s Competitive Strengths    
& Business Model

Exposure to resilient 
markets

Established business  
model

Experienced, entrepreneurial 
management 

Strong, unlevered balance 
sheet and cash generation 
capacity 

Substantial opportunities 
to expand into new 
geographies

IDH’s  markets  are  characterised  as 
having  strong  structural  growth  driv-
ers  and  an  underserved  diagnostic 
services demand. The Group has been 
able to demonstrate growth based on 
strong underlying industry fundamen-
tals  despite  political  and  economic 
turmoil in recent years in the regions 
in which it operates. Barriers to entry 
are high, which the Company has been 
able  to  surmount  with  established 
strong brands, internationally accred-
ited  laboratories,  a  scalable  business 
model  and  a  wide  geographic  reach. 
Notably,  consensus  expectations  are 
for further economic improvement in 
Egypt, IDH’s largest market, in 2018.  

IDH’s  Hub,  Spoke  and  Spike  business 
model provides the Group with an ef-
ficient  low-capital  intensive  platform 
for organic expansion over a wide geo-
graphic area. It enhances the consist-
ency of safety and testing procedures 
as  more  tests  are  conducted  through 
its centralised Mega Lab with modern, 
high-capacity  equipment  and  signifi-
cant throughput.

The  Group  has  a  highly  experienced 
management  team  with  decades  of 
experience  in  the  healthcare  sector. 
Furthermore, IDH’s world-class Board 
of Directors brings years of healthcare, 
MENA  region  and  investment  experi-
ence to the table.  

IDH has enjoyed a strong track record 
of  profitable  growth,  even  under 
adverse  macro-economic  conditions. 
This was demonstrated again in 2017, 
when  against  the  backdrop  of  persis-
tent inflationary pressures associated 
with  2016’s  currency  devaluation,  the 
Group delivered an EBITDA margin of 
40% versus 44% a year earlier. In paral-
lel, the Company’s asset-light business 
model notably translates into minimal 
borrowings while allowing for signifi-
cant strategic flexibility.

The  Group  continues  to  explore  op-
portunities  to  expand  into  new  high-
growth  markets  in  the  Middle  East 
and  Africa  as  well  as  adjacent  verti-
cals,  where  complementary  diagnos-
tic services would help to raise IDH’s 
profile  to  that  of  a  “one-stop  shop” 
diagnostics  provider.  The  Company 
executed  on  this  strategy  in  January 
2018,  expanding  into  Nigeria  with  an 
investment  in  a  chain  of  diagnostic 
laboratories  offering  both  pathology 
and radiology services.  

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

25

Barriers to Entry

Accreditation of Facilities
Attracting contract clients 
requires accredited, high-quality 
testing capabilities. 

Brand Equity and Reputation
Patients are loyal to leading 
brands with a strong track record.

Market Reach
Fragmented market necessitates a 
wide geographic presence to allow 
for broad customer reach. 

Relationship with Key 
Stakeholders
Building a scalable platform 
requires strong relationship with 
stakeholders such as physicians, 
patients and hospitals.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

27

our Suppliers

IDH has an asset-light business model that is also illustrated 
by its supplier relationships. The Group’s contracts with its 
key suppliers of medical testing kits include the provision of 
the equipment to analyse the laboratory test results. These 
agreements have minimum annual commitment payments 
to  cover  the  supply  of  the  medical  diagnostic  equipment, 
kits and chemicals to be used for testing and ongoing main-
tenance  and  support  services.  The  agreement  periods  are 
typically  for  five  to  eight  years.  The  supply  of  the  medical 
diagnostics  equipment  through  these  arrangements  has 
been judged to be finance lease in nature. 

The Company’s main suppliers of kits are Roche, Siemens 
and  BM  (Sysmex),  who  collectively  represent  47%  of  total 
raw materials in 2017 compared with 49% in 2016, exclud-
ing the cost of tests conducted abroad. On the whole, raw 
materials as a percentage of sales increased to 20% in 2017 
from 16% in 2016. IDH does not rely on any single supplier 
of  test  kits  or  any  other  medical  supply  purchases  in  the 
Mega Lab so as to avoid backorders and any ensuing inter-
ruptions to operations. 

IDH  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  in  purchasing 
supplies,  as  a  significant  portion  of  its  purchases  are 
either  payable  or  effectively  priced  in  foreign  currency 
(see “Specific Risk/Mitigation” table on page 36). Siemens 
accounted for 15% of total raw materials and is the main 
supplier  that  the  Group  pays  in  US  dollars.  While  other 
suppliers  provide  the  Company  with  imported  products, 
they are paid in Egyptian pounds. 

IDH is one of the largest providers of diagnostic services 
in the MENA region, and as such, one of the largest volume 
purchasers of test kits. Over the years, IDH has developed 
strong  and  long-standing  relationships  with  its  supplier 
base. Accordingly, the Group has been able to successfully 
negotiate favourable contract terms against the backdrop 
of the currency devaluation, so that the prices of its kits 
have been increasing at a slower rate than that at which 
the Egyptian pound has lost value against the US dollar. It 
is noteworthy that management has been able to negoti-
ate an agreement with its main suppliers not to increase 
prices during 2018.

The number of kits purchased is determined by a combina-
tion of historical consumption patterns and future growth 
plans, with our high volume of kit consumption supporting 
our pricing power with suppliers going forward. Increasing 
test volumes puts IDH in a stronger position to negotiate 
favourable  kit  prices,  thereby  reducing  the  cost  per  test 
while at the same time incurring no initial capital outlay for 
the purchase of medical diagnostic equipment.

26

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Our Healthcare     
Systems 

The  mechanics  of  the  healthcare  markets  in  which  IDH 
operates are markedly different from those in many Western 
healthcare  sectors.  Publicly  funded  and  private  healthcare 
systems  exist  in  parallel,  and  in  the  private  market  served 
by  the  Group,  patients  have  substantially  more  freedom  to 
make  healthcare  decisions  than  their  counterparts  do  in 
more institutionalised markets.

General practitioners (also referred to as family medicine prac-
titioners or primary care specialists) are rare in these emerging 
markets  and  are,  accordingly,  not  the  gatekeepers  through 
which  patients  access  primary  or  specialist  care.  Patients 
seeking treatment may elect to obtain initial care by attending 
a  hospital  outpatient  clinic  or  emergency  room;  attending  a 
polyclinic or directly seeking the services of a specialist physi-
cian.  The  patient’s  choice  may  be  influenced  by  whether  or 
not the patient has employer-provided health insurance or a 
corporate arrangement with a specific provider.

Physicians ordering diagnostic procedures to be completed 
outside a hospital setting may recommend that the patient 
complete  these  tests  at  a  specific  service  provider,  but  pa-
tients enjoy a high degree of freedom in choosing the service 
provider they attend based on perceived quality and pricing 
or on insurance or corporate arrangements. Walk-in patients 
(also referred to as “self-payers”) pay out of pocket in advance 
of the tests being completed.

Patients then typically obtain test results in person (often 
with  an  accompanying  report  from  a  pathologist,  ge-
neticist, radiologist or other specialist) and return with the 
results to the physician who requested the tests in the first 
instance. It is noteworthy that IDH has the ability to deliver 
test  results  to  patients  on  the  same  day  electronically  as 
well as via a mobile app.

IDH accordingly engages in sales and marketing activities that separately target:

Physicians, through direct sales 
visits to individual practitioners, 
periodic  gatherings  for  physi-
cians within a speciality, promo-
tional  giveaways  as  well  as  dis-
count  cards  for  physicians  and 
their  families,  incentive-based 
physician  loyalty  programs  and 
the organisation or sponsorship 
of conferences;

Walk-in  patients, 
through 
social  media  channels,  mass-
market  and  targeted  health 
awareness campaigns, outdoor 
advertising,  television,  radio 
and online advertising; and

Corporate  patients,  through 
direct outreach to insurers and 
employers. 

28

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Our Business      
Model 

IDH  operates  an  easily  scalable  busi-
ness  model,  allowing  for  expansion 
in  a  capital-efficient  manner  and 
geared  toward  operational  efficiency. 
The Group deploys a Hub, Spoke and 
Spike  model  in  which  the  Mega  Lab 
functions as the Hub that is equipped 
for all tests and services, notably with 
advanced  diagnostic  tools,  for  sam-
ples collected by the B- and C-labs. The 

B-labs (Spokes) are capable of process-
ing  routine  tests,  and  they  effectively 
reduce  traffic  to  the  Mega  Lab  where 
warranted.  The  C-labs  (Spikes)  func-
tion  as  collection  centres  that  most 
the  Group’s 
increase 
importantly 
reach to clients nationwide. 

Supported  by  the  strong  operational 
backbone of the Mega Lab, IDH is able 

to offer a broad range of tests and can 
“plug and play” new C-labs to extend 
its  geographic  reach.  The  addition  of 
new  and  esoteric  test  facilities  at  the 
Mega  Lab  provides  a  “one-stop”  solu-
tion for patients that, in combination 
with  value-package  offerings,  drives 
the  Company’s  key  test-per-patient 
financial metric. 

Mega Lab (Hub)

•	 The Mega Lab, the largest automated lab in Egypt, serves as IDH’s diagnos-
tic hub, equipped with the latest technology and providing a full suite of 
diagnostic tests.

•	 A majority of equipment is provided at no upfront cash cost in return for IDH 
agreeing to purchase minimum volumes of kits from equipment suppliers.
•	 Specialty tests from IDH subsidiaries are shipped to the Mega Lab in Egypt, 

and results are retrieved electronically.

•	 Significant cost synergies are realised on kits, logistics and quality control; 
after the introduction of Mega Lab in 2015, the Group’s contribution margin 
witnessed improvement on higher volumes.

B Labs (Spokes)

•	 B-labs  serve  as  IDH’s  spokes  that  work  to  reduce  traffic  to  Mega  Lab  by 
processing  routine  tests  on-site  including  chemistry,  parasitology  and 
haematology.

•	 They are higher in capacity and larger in size than the C-labs.
•	 At 2017 year end, there were 7 B-labs in Egypt and 4 in Jordan.

C Labs (Spikes)

•	 C-labs are collection centres that allow for expansion of reach.
•	 They  conduct  basic  tests  including  urine,  stool,  semen,  ESR  and  preg-

nancy tests.

•	 At 2017 year end, there were 348 operational C-lab branches.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

29

IDH operates the only laboratory in Egypt that has been awarded 
certification from the College of American Pathologists (CAP), widely 
considered the leader in laboratory quality assurance

MEGA LAB

30

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Internationally Accredited       
Test Portfolio 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

31

IDH’s  comprehensive  pathology  product  portfolio  cov-
ers  immunology,  radiology,  haematology,  endocrinol-
ogy, clinical chemistry, molecular biology, cytogenetics, 
histopathology  and  microbiology.  Across  its  brand 
portfolio,  IDH  maintains  international-quality  accredi-
tations with a stringent internal audit process to ensure 
best-in-class service.

ISo
ISO accreditation requires an initial inspection of labo-
ratory practices, calibration and medical analysis by an 
accreditation  body.  For  Al  Mokhtabar  and  for  Al  Borg, 
it  was  URS  Certification  (accredited  internationally 
by  the  United  Kingdom  Accreditation  Service);  and  for 
Biolab, it was the Jordanian Accreditation System ( JAS). 
The inspection involves the clinical chemistry area, the 
virology  unit,  the  haematology  unit  and  the  general 
laboratory  management  practice.  The  accreditation’s 
standards  include  both  management  and  technical 
requirements. The Company’s ISO 9001:2008 accredita-
tions for both Al Mokhtabar and Al Borg passed year end 
accreditation reviews in 2017 and will next be renewed 
in 2018.

College of American pathologists (CAp)
Unlike  ISO  accreditation,  CAP  certification  is  awarded 
to individual labs, rather than the Group’s operations as 
a  whole.    In  February  2018,  IDH’s  central  Mega  Lab  in 
Cairo earned certification from the College of American 
Pathologists (CAP). The Group’s Mega Lab, inaugurated 
in 2015, replaced two smaller, independent “A-labs” one 
of which was also CAP certified. 

IDH  operates  the  only  laboratory  in  Egypt  to  receive  this 
distinguished  certification.  The  College  of  American  Pa-
thologists, widely considered the leader in laboratory qual-
ity  assurance  globally,  upholds  standards  that  track  four 
aspects of laboratory operations:

•	 Directors  and  personnel:  The  laboratory  must  be 
staffed with a sufficient number of personnel and the 
lines  of  authority  should  be  well  defined  so  that  the 
directors can properly fulfil their responsibilities.
•	 Physical resources: There must be sufficient resourc-
es,  including  physical  space,  testing  instruments, 
reagents,  information  processing  and  communica-
tion systems, ventilation, storage and waste disposal 
facilities and public utilities. Furthermore, there must 
be sufficient safeguards against hazardous conditions 
to ensure patient safety.

•	 Quality management: The laboratory must have poli-
cies and procedures in place to ensure quality testing 
and  patient  safety.  These  should  include  the  valida-
tion of test systems, analytic quality control, and qual-
ity management of pre- and post-analytic processes, 
proficiency  testing,  human  resource  management, 
information  management,  ongoing  quality  improve-
ment and appropriate communication procedures.
•	 Administrative  requirements:  The  laboratory  must 
maintain  appropriate  records  and  adhere  to  CAP 
certification requirements and certain other policies, 
and  will  be  subject  to  on-site  inspections,  interim 
inspections and interim self-assessments.

The CAP certification remains subject to renewal every 
two years.

Quality Assurance
IDH’s quality assurance programme ensures that all inter-
nal diagnostic processes, lab testing procedures and results 
analyses  are  accurate.  The  quality  assurance  program 
ensures that all the standards of the CAP and ISO accredi-
tations  are  met  by  inspecting  hardware  and  equipment, 
ensuring  compliance  with  procedure  manuals,  inspecting 
the  accuracy  of  results  and  administering  competency 
assessments  for  employees.  The  internal  audit  team  also 
maintains a specific audit checklist for the basic and rou-
tine tests conducted in the Group’s C-labs, including con-
formity  of  process;  testing  the  competency  of  employees 
through oral, observational, practical and written tests; and 
conducting managerial audits to assess the labs’ manage-
ment and administrative efficiency.

Employee training
The Group views education as an essential means of ensur-
ing quality across its laboratories. To help develop the skills 
of employees, IDH has a dedicated training facility in Cairo 
with four training laboratories. In 2017, the training centre 
employed one director, eight full-time specialists, three ad-
ministrators, two consultants and seven part-time instruc-
tors. The centre provides training to around 350 employees 
per  month,  including  doctors,  chemists,  receptionists, 
branch  and  area  managers,  sales  personnel  and  adminis-
trators.  The  training  curriculum  is  determined  based  on 
performance KPIs, internal audit reports, management re-
views, competency assessment reports and analysis of cus-
tomer  feedback  and  complaints.  IDH’s  employee  training 
is  structured  along  four  modules:  new  employee  training, 
competency-based, need-based and practical re-training.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

33

32

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Growth 
Strategy 

IDH’s  growth  strategy  rests  on  leveraging  its  established 
business model to achieve four key strategic goals, namely: 
(1) continue to expand customer reach; (2) increase tests 
per  patient  by  expanding  the  Group’s  services  portfolio; 
(3)  expand  into  new  geographic  markets  through  selec-
tive,  value-accretive  acquisitions;  and  (4)  introduce  new 
medical  services  by  leveraging  the  Group’s  network  and 
reputable brand position.

Expand Customer Reach

Increase tests per patient

Expand Geographically 

Diversify into new Medical Services

IDH intends to use its scalable, low capital-intensive business 
model to quickly and efficiently open new labs and expand 
geographically  in  the  Middle  East  and  Africa.  A  wider  geo-
graphic reach will increase accessibility for patients, thereby 
expanding  the  customer  base.  Furthermore,  the  Group’s 
add-on  services,  such  as  house  calls,  e-services  and  results 
delivery, make its regular service offerings easier to use for 
both existing and prospective patients. IDH is also actively 
engaged in advertising campaigns to raise awareness of par-
ticular diseases and the importance of being tested, as well 
as to educate people with lifestyle diseases, such as diabetes 
and high cholesterol, to undergo frequent testing.

IDH intends to expand its branch network and diversify its 
portfolio of test services offered in order to take full advan-
tage  of  the  strong  demand  for  private  healthcare  services 
across its geographic platform. The Group is expanding its 
ability to perform more complex tests not offered in other 
labs by broadening its portfolio of specialised and advanced 
tests, which will help to drive testing volumes. IDH is also 
focused on bundling testing services into health packages 
to  offer  to  its  existing  customers  at  discounted  rates  as  a 
way to increase tests, thus revenues, per patient. 

IDH is looking to expand through value-accreting acquisi-
tions  in  highly-fragmented  and  underpenetrated  markets 
in  the  Middle  East  and  Africa,  where  our  business  model 
is  well-suited  to  capitalise  on  similar  healthcare  and  con-
sumer trends. Beyond acquisitions in new geographies, the 
Group is also interested in acquiring complementary diag-
nostic  services  that  in  combination  would  enhance  IDH’s 
profile as that of a “one-stop shop” diagnostics provider. In 
sync with these strategies, the Group was pleased to have 
closed on an investment in Nigeria in January 2018. 

As the medical testing market in Egypt is evolving from a 
single  doctor-oriented  model  to  a  branded  chain  model, 
IDH recognises the opportunity to offer services that are 
not  currently  being  provided  by  any  private  healthcare 
provider  on  a  large  scale.  The  Group  believes  that  its 
scale  and  experience  make  it  better  positioned  than  its 
competitors  to  take  advantage  of  developing  diagnostic 
services opportunities in Egypt, ranging from specialised 
physician  services  to  radiology  to  in-vitro  fertilisation, 
among other possibilities.

34

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Principal Risks,  
Uncertainties & Their Mitigation 

As  in  any  corporation,  IDH  has  exposure  to  risks  and 
uncertainties  that  may  adversely  affect  its  performance. 
IDH Chairman Lord St John of Bletso has emphasised that 
ownership of the risk matrix is sufficiently important to the 
Group’s long-term success that it must be equally shared by 
the Board and senior management. 

While no system can mitigate every risk — and some risks, 
as at the country level, are largely without potential miti-
gants — the Group has in place processes, procedures and 
baseline  assumptions  that  provide  mitigation.  The  Board 
and senior management agree that the principal risks and 
uncertainties facing the Group include:

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Country risk — political & Security
Egypt and the wider MENA region, where the Group oper-
ates,  have  experienced  political  volatility  since  2011  and 
continue  to  experience  occasional  terrorist  incidents. 
There remains a risk of occasional civil disorder.

Nigeria  is  facing  security  challenges  on  several  fronts,  in-
cluding re-emerging ethnic tensions and resurgent attacks 
by Islamist militants in the northeast. Against the backdrop 
of  a  sluggish  economy  and  the  slow  implementation  of 
reforms, mounting discontent could translate into further 
social unrest. 

See  mitigants  for  “Country/regional  risk  —  Economic,” 
below.

Echo-Scan’s  laboratories  are  located  primarily  in  Lagos, 
Abuja and Benin, far from the current unrest occurring in 
the northeast part of Nigeria. 

Regarding other operating risks, including but not limited 
to legal and compliance risks, IDH will apply the same rig-
orous  standards  to  evaluating  all  aspects  of  its  business 
processes  in  Nigeria  as  it  has  implemented  in  all  of  the 
emerging markets in which it operates. 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

35

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Country/regional risk — Economic
The Group is subject to the economic conditions of Egypt 
specifically  and,  to  a  lesser  extent,  those  of  the  wider 
MENA region. Egypt accounted for c. 83% of our revenues 
in 2017 (2016: 87%).

High  inflation:  According  to  Reuters,  Egypt’s  annual  infla-
tion rates fell in January 2018 to their lowest levels since the 
November 2016 devaluation of the Egyptian pound. Annual 
Urban Consumer Price Inflation eased to 17.1% in January 
2018  from  21.9%  in  December  2017,  whilst  core  inflation 
that strips out volatile items dropped to 14.4% from 19.9% 
for the same periods. Inflation had reached a record high in 
July 2017 at c. 35% on the back of energy subsidy cuts, but 
then subsequently declined gradually as inflationary pres-
sures caused by floating the currency eased.

nigeria: Capital controls could make profit repatriation dif-
ficult in the short term. 

nigeria:  Depreciation  of  the  naira  would  make  imported 
products  and  raw  materials  more  expensive  and  would 
reduce  Nigeria’s  contribution  to  consolidated  Company 
revenues.  Whilst  capital  controls  have  helped  the  official 
exchange converge with the black-market rate, the central 
bank has yet to allow the naira to float freely.

As with country risk, this is largely not subject to mitigation. 
In both political/security and economic risk, management 
notes  that  IDH  operates  in  a  defensive  industry  and  that 
the business continued to grow year-on-year through two 
revolutions, as well as under extremely difficult operating 
conditions in 2016.

High  inflation  is  one  consequence  of  Egypt’s  policy-
restructuring  cycle.  The  structural  change  underway  in 
government  spending  and  general  repricing  of  goods  and 
services represents a reversal of 50 years of comprehensive 
government  support.  Whilst  it  will  take  time,  the  reform 
program is designed to put the country on a more sustain-
able path to growth and fiscal consolidation.  

The  Group’s  contemplated  acquisitions  outside  of  Egypt 
would also mitigate the Egypt-specific country risk over time.

In  Nigeria,  until  currency  exchange  policy  is  clarified  and 
there is greater visibility regarding profit repatriation, IDH 
expects to reinvest early profits into its Nigerian business. 
Dividend  payments  are  not  expected  to  be  repatriated  in 
the first four years of operation. 

IDH will capitalise on its regional agreements with suppli-
ers to procure kits at competitive prices. 

 
36

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

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IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

37

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Foreign currency and banking regulation risk
Foreign currency risk: The Group is exposed to foreign cur-
rency  risk  on  the  cost  side  of  the  business.  The  majority 
of supplies it acquires are paid in Egyptian pounds (EGP), 
but given they are imported, their price will vary with the 
rate of exchange between the EGP and foreign currencies. 
In  addition,  a  portion  of  supplies  are  priced  and  paid  in 
foreign currencies.

The CBE moved to a fully floating foreign exchange regime 
on  3  November  2016,  since  which  time  the  value  of  the 
Egyptian pound against the US dollar has been set by the 
interbank market. After losing more than 50% of its value 
in 2016, the Egyptian pound closed 2017 at 17.76 per US$1 
against an opening rate of EGP 18.00.

The Egyptian pound was valued at 17.60 to US$ 1.00 as of 
15 March 2018. 

IDH’s exposure to foreign currency risk takes two primary 
forms:  price  and  availability.  Price  risk  impacts  the  cost 
of supplies (almost all imported, either directly by IDH or 
by  third  parties),  on  which  spending  was  equivalent  to  c. 
20% of revenues in 2017 (2016: 16%). Management believes 
that  it  can  mitigate  the  effects  of  devaluation  through  a 
combination of improved pricing and cost efficiencies (see 
Supplier Risk below for more).

Only  15%  of  IDH’s  cost  of  supplies  (c.3%  of  revenues)  are 
payable in US dollars, minimising the Group’s exposure to 
foreign exchange (FX) scarcity and in part, the volatility of 
the Egyptian pound.

In 2017, IDH recorded a net foreign exchange loss of EGP 20 
million compared with a net foreign exchange loss of EGP 
89 million in 2016. 

With  bank  liquidity  improving,  helped  by  Egypt’s  three-
year US$ 12 billion IMF loan agreement and the November 
2016 floatation of the Egyptian pound, 2017 saw the CBE 
remove the strict capital controls that had been imposed 
following  the  country’s  2011  political  uprising.  Foreign 
exchange is now freely available in the market, from banks 
and  exchange  companies  alike;  and  the  parallel  market 
has been eliminated.

Banking  regulation  risk:  A  priority  list  and  allocation 
mechanism  imposed  by  the  CBE  was  in  effect  through-
out 2016 to prioritise essential imports. This mechanism 
was in place in response to an active parallel market for 
foreign exchange.

The  priority  list  and  allocation  mechanism  have  been 
relaxed following the Egyptian pound devaluation. Compa-
nies now report increasing availability of foreign exchange 
for  imports.  The  parallel  market  for  foreign  exchange  is 
presently dormant.

Whilst foreign exchange is increasingly available following 
the November 2016 float of the Egyptian pound and prices 
set  by  the  interbank  mechanism,  IDH  faces  the  risk  of 
variability in the exchange rate as a result of economic and 
other factors. 

Caps  on  deposits  of  foreign  exchange  into  the  banking 
system,  which  were  in  place  during  2015  and  throughout 
much of 2016, have been removed.

There are currently no restrictions in Egypt on repatriation 
of dividends by foreign companies. 

Supplier risk
In the year to December 2016, the EGP lost 56% of its value 
against  the  US$,  creating  significant  risk  of  suppliers  re-
opening negotiations in the face of cost pressure.

In  the  year  to  31  December  2017  the  value  of  the  Egyp-
tian  pound  has  remained  consistent  against  the  US$  at 
17.67:1.00 (closing rate). 

IDH’s supplier risk is concentrated  amongst three key sup-
pliers — Siemens, Roche and BM (Sysmex)— who provide 
it with kits representing 47% of the total value of total raw 
materials in 2017 (2016: 49%).

Remittance of dividend regulations and repatriation 
of profit risk
The  Group’s  ability  to  remit  dividends  abroad  may  be 
adversely affected by the imposition of remittance restric-
tions  where,  under  Egyptian  law,  companies  must  obtain 
government  clearance  to  transfer  dividends  overseas  and 
are subject to higher taxation on payment of dividends.

Legal and regulatory risk to the business
The Group’s business is subject to, and affected by, exten-
sive,  stringent  and  frequently  changing  laws  and  regula-
tions, as well as frequently changing enforcement regimes, 
in each of the countries in which it operates. Moreover, as a 
significant player in the Egyptian private clinical laboratory 
market, the Group is subject to antitrust and competition-
related  restrictions,  as  well  as  the  possibility  of  investiga-
tion by the Egyptian Competition Authority.

Quality control risks
Failure  to  establish  and  comply  with  appropriate  quality 
standards  when  performing  testing  and  diagnostics  ser-
vices  could  result  in  litigation  and  liability  for  the  Group 
and could materially and adversely affect its reputation and 
results of operations. This is particularly key as the Group 
depends  heavily  on  maintaining  good  relationships  with 
healthcare  professionals  who  prescribe  and  recommend 
the Group’s services.

IDH has strong, longstanding relationships with its suppli-
ers,  to  whom  it  is  a  significant  regional  client.  Due  to  the 
volumes of kits the Company purchases, IDH is able to ne-
gotiate favourable pricing that in 2016 saw the price it pays 
for kits rise slower than inflation, which rose to new highs 
as a result of the devaluation of the EGP. IDH management 
has agreed with its main suppliers that no price increases 
will be imposed during 2018.

Total raw materials costs as a percentage of sales were 20% 
in 2017 compared with 16% in 2016. 

As a foreign investor in Egypt, IDH does not have issues with 
the repatriation of dividends, but is exposed to risk in the form 
of cost of foreign exchange in the markets in which the Group 
operates, particularly Egypt.

As a provider of medical diagnostic services, IDH’s operations in 
Sudan are not subject to sanctions. Notably, in October 2017 the 
US lifted a host of sanctions imposed 20 years ago that included 
a comprehensive trade embargo, a freeze on government assets 
and tight restrictions on financial institutions dealing with the 
country.  Management  views  this  as  an  important  milestone 
signaling the end to the country’s economic isolation.

The Group’s general counsel and the quality assurance team 
work  together  to  keep  IDH  abreast  of,  and  in  compliance 
with, both legislative and regulatory changes. 

On  the  antitrust  front,  the  private  laboratory  segment 
(of which IDH is a part) accounts for a small proportion 
of  the  total  market,  which  consists  of  small  private  labs, 
private  chain  labs  and  large  governmental  and  quasi-
governmental institutions.

The Group’s quality assurance (QA) function ensures com-
pliance  with  best  practices  across  all  medical  diagnostic 
functions.  All  laboratory  staff  participate  in  ongoing  pro-
fessional  education  with  quality  assurance  emphasised  at 
each juncture. 

The head of quality assurance for the Group is a member of 
the senior management team at the IDH level, which meets 
weekly  to  review  recent  developments,  plan  strategy  and 
discuss issues of concern to the Group as a whole.

38

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

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IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

39

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Specific Risk

Mitigation

Risk from contract clients
Contract  clients  including  private  insurers,  unions  and 
corporations,  account  for  c.  61%  of  the  Group’s  revenue. 
Should IDH’s relationship with these clients deteriorate, for 
example  if  the  Group  was  unable  to  negotiate  and  retain 
similar fee arrangements or should these clients be unable 
to  make  payments  to  the  Group,  IDH’s  business  could  be 
materially and adversely affected.

pricing pressure in a competitive, regulated environment
The  Group  faces  pricing  pressure  from  various  third-
party  payers  that  could  materially  and  adversely  affect 
its revenue. Pricing may be restrained in cases by recom-
mended or mandatory fees set by government ministries 
and other authorities.

This  risk  may  be  more  pronounced  in  the  context  of 
headline monthly inflation, which as of December 2017 
stood at 21.9%.

Carrying value of goodwill and other intangible assets
A decline in financial performance could lead to an impair-
ment  risk  over  the  carrying  value  of  IDH’s  goodwill  and 
other  intangible  assets.  Goodwill  and  intangible  assets 
have arisen from historic acquisitions made by the Group 
and include the brand names used in the business.

IDH diligently works to maintain sound relationships with 
contract clients. All changes to pricing and contracts are ar-
rived at through discussion rather than blanket imposition 
by IDH. Relations are further enhanced by regular visits to 
contract clients by the Group’s sales staff.

IDH’s attractiveness to contract clients is enhanced by the 
extent of its national network. 

No single client contract currently accounts for more than 
0.8% of total revenues or 1.4% of Corporate revenues.

Prudent  management  of  contract  clients  translated  into 
the  Group  taking  provisions  of  EGP  5.6  million  in  2017  for 
doubtful accounts (2016: EGP 4.3 million). (See note 16 to the 
accompanying Financial Statements for more information.)

This is an external risk for which there exist few mitigants.

In  the  event  there  is  escalation  of  price  competition  be-
tween  market  players,  the  Group  sees  its  wide  national 
footprint as a mitigant; c. 61% of our revenue is generated 
by  servicing  contract  clients  (private  insurer,  unions  and 
corporations) who prefer IDH’s national network to patch-
works of local players. 

IDH has a limited ability to influence changes to manda-
tory pricing policies imposed by government agencies, as 
is  the  case  in  Jordan,  where  basic  tests  that  account  for 
the  majority  of  IDH’s  business  in  that  nation  are  subject 
to price controls. 

IDH carries out an annual impairment test on goodwill and 
other intangible assets in line with IAS 36. 

The results of the annual impairment test show headroom 
between  the  recoverable  amount  (based  on  value  in  use) 
and the carrying value of each of the identified Cash Gen-
erating Units and no impairment is deemed to be required.

For more detail see note 13 of the Financial Statements.

Business continuity risks
Management concentration risk: IDH is dependent on the 
unique  skills  and  experience  of  a  talented  management 
team.  The  loss  of  the  services  of  key  members  of  that 
team could materially and adversely affect the Company’s 
operations and business. 

Business  interruption:  IT  systems  are  used  extensively  in 
virtually  all  aspects  of  the  Group’s  business  and  across 
each of its lines of business, including test and exam results 
reporting, billing, customer service, logistics and manage-
ment  of  medical  data.  Similarly,  business  interruption  at 
one of the Group’s larger laboratory facilities could result in 
significant losses and reputational damage to the Group’s 
business  as  a  result  of  external  factors  such  as  natural 
disasters, fire, riots or extended power failures. The Group’s 
operations therefore depend on the continued and uninter-
rupted performance of its systems.

Loss of talent
IDH  depends  on  the  skills,  knowledge,  experience  and 
expertise  of  its  senior  managers  to  run  its  business  and 
implement its strategies. The Group’s senior management 
has an average of 15 years of industry experience and the 
majority  are  medical  doctors.  Furthermore,  IDH  is  reliant 
on its ability to recruit and retain laboratory professionals. 
Loss of senior managers could materially and adversely af-
fect the Group’s results of operations and business.

In  Nigeria,  IDH  will  face  a  more  limited  talent  pool  of 
healthcare workers due to a weak education system and the 
tendency for trained professionals to move abroad.   

IDH  understands  the  need  to  support  its  future  growth 
plans by strengthening its human capital and engaging in 
appropriate  succession  planning.  The  Company  is  com-
mitted to expanding the senior management team, led by 
its CEO Dr. Hend El Sherbini, to include the talent needed 
for  a  larger  footprint.  The  Group  has  constituted  an  Ex-
ecutive  Committee  led  by  Dr.  El  Sherbini  and  composed 
of heads of departments. The Executive Committee meets 
every second week.

The Group has in place a full disaster recovery plan, with 
procedures  and  provisions  for  spares,  redundant  power 
systems and the use of mobile data systems as alternatives 
to  landlines,  among  multiple  other  factors.  IDH  tests  its 
disaster recovery plans on a regular basis.

In  addition  to  competitive  compensation  packages,  the 
Group also ensures it has access to a broad pool of trained 
laboratory professionals through its own in-house recruit-
ment and training program. We furthermore have in place 
a program to monitor the performance of graduates of the 
training program.

Egypt is a net exporter of trained healthcare professionals 
as there is surplus staff in the market. IDH’s efforts are ac-
cordingly focused on retention of qualified staff as opposed 
to recruitment of new personnel.

In Nigeria, IDH intends to offer a strong value proposition 
for staff that includes opportunity for both compensation 
and training. The Group will seek to bring in expatriates 
to  fill  key  leadership  roles  whilst  local  teams  are  being 
trained and developed. 

Loss of certifications and accreditations
Many  of  IDH’s  facilities  have  received  internationally  ac-
creditations for high-quality standards. The failure to renew 
these  certifications,  including  the  College  of  American 
Pathologists  (CAP)  accreditation  for  the  Mega  Lab  or  the 
International Organization for Standards (IOS) for other fa-
cilities, would call into question the Group’s quality stand-
ards and competitive differentiators.

In February 2018, IDH’s central Mega Lab in Cairo received 
CAP certification. The CAP certification will thereafter be 
subject to renewal every two years. The Company also re-
newed its ISO certifications in 2017, with the next renewal 
due in 2018. IDH’s ability to keep current its certifications 
and  accreditation  are  supported  by  ongoing  QA,  training 
and internal audit procedures.

40

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

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Financial   
Review 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

41

2017 performance overview
IDH  delivered  strong  operational  and  financial  results  in 
the year ended 31 December 2017, despite macroeconomic 
challenges,  in  particular  high  inflation,  that  continued  in 
the aftermath of the November 2016 floatation of the Egyp-
tian pound. This is noteworthy as it stands in sharp contrast 
to many consumer names in Egypt. Whilst the healthcare 
industry  is  inherently  defensive,  this  performance  also 
reflects  the  customer  loyalty  that  has  been  earned  by  the 
Company’s  trusted  brands  over  many  years.  On  a  29% 
year-on-year revenue increase in 2017, EBITDA gained 18%, 
constrained  somewhat  by  ongoing  pressure  from  higher 
raw  material  costs.  Net  profits,  however,  surged  by  44% 
year-on-year, helped by higher interest income and a sharp 
year-on-year decline in foreign exchange losses given what 
has been relative stability in exchange rates.

The  Group  continued  to  invest  in  expanding  its  geo-
graphic footprint in 2017, and notably through a trans-
action that closed in February 2018 entered the Nigerian 
market  (see  discussion  on  page  22).  Supported  by  its 
state-of-the-art  Mega  Lab  with  additional  capacity,  the 
Company  is  able  to  deploy  its  Hub,  Spoke  and  Spike 
business  model  to  open  capital  efficient  “C”  labs  more 
rapidly.  During  2017,  the  Group  added  29  new  labs  in 
total,  including  19  new  branches  for  Al  Mokhtabar  in 
Egypt;  four  for  Al  Borg  in  Egypt;  four  for  Biolab  in  Jor-
dan; and two for MK Sudan. Total IDH branches reached 
383 as of 31 December 2017 versus 354 at 2016 year end, 
for 8% total unit expansion. 

The results for the year are summarised below:

our Customers
IDH serves two principal types of clients: contract (cor-
porate)  and  walk-in  (individuals).  Within  each  of  these 
categories,  the  Group  also  offers  a  house-call  service, 
and within the contract segment, a lab-to-lab service.

Contract Clients
IDH’s  contract  clients,  who  in  2017  represented  61% 
of  the  Group’s  revenues,  include  institutions  such  as 
unions,  syndicates,  private  and  public  insurance  com-
panies, banks and corporations who enter into one-year 
renewable  contracts  at  agreed  rates  per-test  and  on  a 
per-client  basis.  During  2017,  IDH  served  4.7  million 
patients  under  these  contracts  and  performed  a  total 
of  19.7  million  tests,  with  no  single  contract  client  ac-
counting  for  more  than  0.8%  of  total  revenues.  Within 

the  contract  segment,  IDH  also  provides  lab-to-lab 
services for hospitals and other laboratories not able to 
process certain tests in house.

Walk-in Clients
IDH  derived  39%  of  its  revenues  in  2017  from  walk-in 
clients.  Walk-in  clients  numbered  1.7  million  in  2017, 
representing 26% of total patients served. As IDH’s mar-
kets develop and become more institutionally oriented, 
more patients will be performing pathology tests under 
corporate agreements, a trend that plays to the Group’s 
strength  with  the  best  economies  of  scale  in  the  Egyp-
tian diagnostics industry.

2017

2016

% Change

2017

2016

IDH Revenue by type and Key performance Indicators

EGp million

Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit
Gross profit margin %
Operating expenses
Operating profit
Depreciation
EBITDA*
Net profit

          1,514 
           (785)
730
48%
 (189)
540 
62 
 602 
384

          1,171 
           (543)
           638 
54%
 (162)
             466 
 45 
511 
267

29%
45%
16%
-
17%
16%
38%
18%
44%

*EBITDA is calculated as operating profit (EGP 540 million) plus depreciation (EGP 62 million) and amortisation (nil).

Contract Clients
Revenue (EGP mn)
Patients (‘000)
Tests (‘000)

Walk-in Clients
Revenue (EGP mn)
Patients (‘000)
Tests (‘000)

Total revenue (EGP mn)
Total patients (‘000)
Total tests (‘000)
Revenue per patient (EGP)
Revenue per test (EGP)

923
4,685
19,746

591
1,682
5,918

1,514
6,367
25,664
238
59

713
4,174
18,540

458
1,642
5,530

1,171
5,816
24,070
201 
 49 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
42

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Breakdown of Contract Revenue

type

Contracts – Unions
Contracts – Banks
Contracts – Corporate
Contracts – Government Institutions
Contracts – Hospitals
Contracts – Public Insurance
Contracts – Medical Care
Contracts as % of total revenue
Walk-ins as % of total revenue

% of total 2017 

% of total 2016

13%
2%
26%
2%
3%
6%
9%
61%
39%

14%
2%
26%
2%
4%
6%
7%
61%
39%

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

43

Revenue Analysis
Consolidated  revenues  increased  29%  year-on-year  to 
EGP  1,514  million,  attributable  to  price  and  mix  of  tests, 
followed by currency translation and test volumes. The fa-
vourable impact of translating the revenues of IDH’s Jorda-
nian operations into Egyptian pounds more than offset the 
negative effect of translating the revenues of its Sudanese 
operations.  In  2017,  the  Jordanian  dinar  (JOD)  was  trans-
lated at an average rate of 24.92 (2016: 14.573), the Sudanese 
pound (SDG) at an average rate of 1.04 (2016: 1.204). Whilst 
patient  and  test  volumes  gained  9%  and  7%,  respectively, 
selected price increases and a better mix of test types were 
also key drivers of top-line growth. This can be seen in the 
key  metrics  of  average  revenue-per-patient,  up  18%,  and 
average revenue-per-test, 21% higher. 

Revenues  from  contract  clients  grew  29%  year-on-year 
in  2017,  supported  by  an  overall  trend  toward  corporate 
health  insurance  coverage,  in  particular  in  Egypt,  IDH’s 
largest market. Whilst the number of contract patients was 
12%  higher  and  the  number  of  contract  tests  was  up  7%, 
average  revenue-per-patient  increased  15%  and  average 
revenue-per-test gained 22% on better pricing and mix. IDH 
signed 311 new corporate contracts with insurers last year 
versus 456 in 2016.

Revenues from walk-in clients also rose 29% year-on-year, 
helped  by  improving  patient  volumes.  The  Group  served 
2%  more  walk-in  patients  in  2017  compared  with  a  4% 
decline  in  2016.  Consequently,  the  Company  was  able  to 
achieve a 26% increase in revenue-per-patient; and on 4% 
more tests-per-patient, a 21% gain in revenue-per-test in 
the walk-in category. 

In particular, it is the improvement seen in the walk-in pa-
tient category that highlights the loyalty consumers have to 
the Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar brands in Egypt, IDH’s largest 
market. They have come to know and trust these names over 
the years, and they return to the laboratories they equate 
with  quality  and  safety.  Cognisant  of  the  burden  faced  by 
its customers, IDH’s price increases have been significantly 
below  the  high  inflation  rates  caused  by  the  November 
2016  currency  devaluation.  The  Group  has  also  designed 
its tactical marketing programs with attractive features for 
them, such as discounts on chronic disease tests as well as 
partnerships with banks for affordable payment programs. 

On a geographic basis, Egypt contributed 83% of total rev-
enues in 2017 followed by Jordan at 14% and Sudan at 3%, 
in the same proportions as 2016.  

Cost of Sales
Cost of sales increased 45% year-on-year to EGP 785 mil-
lion in 2017 compared with EGP 543 million in 2016 pri-
marily due to raw material cost pressures. Raw materials 
represented the largest component of cost of sales at 39% 
of total (2016: 34%) and rose 67%. Whilst IDH was able to 
negotiate  favourable  contract  terms  with  its  three  main 
suppliers – Roche, Siemens and BM (Sysmex) — the prices 
of  imported  medical  test  kits  continued  to  climb  post-
devaluation. 

Wages and salaries, the second largest component of cost 
of sales in 2017, accounting for 30% of total (2016: 36%), 
were  favourably  leveraged  on  the  strong  revenues.  The 
22%  year-on-year  increase  in  these  expenses  is  mainly 

attributable  to  the  translation  into  Egyptian  pounds  of 
higher  salaries  for  the  Group’s  Jordanian  subsidiary  and 
Board of Directors caused by the exchange rate difference 
between the two reporting period.      

The depreciation expense accounted for in COGS increased 
40% to EGP 57 million in 2017 (2016: EGP 41 million). This 
increase in direct depreciation is primarily attributable to 
increased kit consumption related to leased equipment. 

Gross Profit
Gross profit increased 16% year-on-year to EGP 729 mil-
lion compared with EGP 628 million in 2016, constrained 
by higher raw material costs. The associated gross margin 
decreased  c.  600  basis  points  to  48%  from  54%  a  year 
earlier. This pressure could also be seen in the decline in 
gross  profit  contribution  percentage  from  Egypt,  whose 
gross  margin  is  higher  than  those  of  Jordan  and  Sudan. 
Egypt’s contribution to total gross profit was 89% in 2017 
compared with 92% in 2016. 

operating Expenses
Operating expenses gained 17% year-on-year to EGP 189 
million in 2017 versus EGP 162 million in 2016. As a per-
centage  of  sales,  however,  operating  expenses  decreased 
to  12%  from  14%  a  year  ago.  The  favourable  leverage  of 
these  largely  fixed  costs  partially  mitigated  the  negative 
impact of the higher raw material costs.  

Operating Profit
Operating profit for 2017 was accordingly EGP 540 million 
compared with EGP 466 million in 2016.

EBItDA 
EBITDA* rose 18% year-on-year to EGP 602 million versus 
EGP  511  in  2016.  The  associated  EBITDA  margin  came 
under pressure from higher raw material costs, which was 
only  partially  offset  by  the  favourable  leverage  of  fixed 
costs. The ratio stood at 40% in 2017 compared with 44% 
in 2016. We consider EBITDA to be an appropriate alter-
native performance measure, as it is a metric commonly 
followed by the institutional investment community. 

By  region,  Egypt  contributed  91%  of  total  EBITDA  down 
from 94% in 2016, whilst Jordan and Sudan contributed 7% 
and 2%, respectively, compared with 5% and 1% a year earlier.

Foreign Exchange
In 2017, the Group’s net foreign exchange loss amounted 
to EGP 19.9 million, as an FX loss of EGP 24.5 million was 
partially  offset  by  an  EGP  4.5  million  FX  gain.  This  was 
substantially below the net foreign exchange loss of EGP 
89 million in 2016.

*EBITDA is calculated as operating profit (EGP 540 million) plus depreciation (EGP 62 million) and amortisation (nil).

 
IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

45

44

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

The  EGP  24.5  million  foreign  exchange  loss  was  attrib-
utable  to  revalued  foreign  denominated  contracts  with 
major  suppliers  as  well  as  the  revaluation  of  intercom-
pany balances between IDH and its subsidiaries and with 
the  different  functional  currencies  within  the  group, 
including the Egyptian pound, the Sudanese pound, the 
Jordanian  dinar  and  the  US  dollar.  The  EGP  4.5  million 
FX  gain  related  to  finance  lease  obligations  resulting 
from appreciation of the Egyptian pound.

taxation
In  2017,  IDH  recorded  tax  expense  of  EGP  174  million, 
with an effective tax rate of 31% (2016: 31%). There is no 
tax payable in the two IDH holding companies ( Jersey and 
Cayman);  thus,  costs  incurred  at  the  holding  company 
level are not tax deductible. These would include, but are 
not limited to, KPMG UK fees and IDH administrative fees 
in London.

All  tax  is  paid  within  the  Group’s  operating  companies. 
The corporate income tax rates in countries in which IDH 
operates  are  as  follows:  Egypt  22.5%,  Jordan  20.0%  and 
Sudan 15.0%. 

The  Group’s  dividend  policy  is  to  distribute  any  excess 
cash after taking into consideration all business cash re-
quirements  and  potential  acquisition  considerations.  As 
a  result,  a  deferred  tax  liability  is  recognised  for  the  5% 
tax on dividends for the future expected distribution pay-
able  by  Egyptian  entities  under  Egyptian  tax  legislation. 
Deferred tax in 2017 amounted to EGP 56.9 million (loss) 
compared with EGP 14.1 million (gain) in 2016.

Net Profit
Net profit for the year increased 44% to EGP 384 million 
versus EGP 267 million recorded in 2016. This growth was 
spurred by effective cash management generating interest 
income  that  offset  higher  interest  expense  incurred  due 
to  the  Central  Bank  of  Egypt’s  rate  hike  policy  and  the 
adoption of International Accounting Standard (23) that 
capitalised interest on the Group’s Medium-Term Loan for 
its new corporate headquarters building. The bottom line 
also benefited from a sharp year-on-year decline in foreign 
exchange losses, given what has been relative stability in 
exchange rates.

Balance Sheet
On the assets side of the balance sheet, property, plant and 
equipment (PPE) rose to EGP 486 million at 31 December 
2017 from EGP 391 million a year earlier primarily due to 
new investment in the Group’s new corporate headquar-
ters, slated for completion in 2018, as well as the opening 
of 29 new branches region-wide. 

In  2015,  IDH  entered  into  equipment  lease  agreements 
with  its  major  suppliers  that  became  effective  in  May 
2015.  The  agreement  periods  range  from  five  to  eight 
years,  which  is  deemed  to  reflect  the  useful  life  of  the 
equipment.  The  agreements  include  annual  commit-
ment payments to cover the supply of medical diagnos-
tic  equipment,  test  kits  and  chemicals  to  be  used  for 
testing and ongoing maintenance and support services 
over the term of the agreement. If the minimum annual 
commitment payments are met over the agreement pe-
riod,  ownership  of  the  equipment  supplied  will  legally 
transfer  to  IDH.  On  one  side,  the  leased  equipment  is 
recorded in PPE, and the finance lease is recorded as a 
liability on the other side. 

Trade and other receivables rose 36% to EGP 202 million 
compared with EGP 148 million in 2016. The difference 
was  primarily  related  to  an  increase  in  the  accounts 
receivable balance associated with the gain in contract 
revenues, together with higher accrued revenues related 
to time deposit interest. 

The total bad debt provision balance amounted to EGP 
21.7  million,  out  of  which  EGP  5.6  million  was  estab-
lished in 2017: EGP 4.7 million for Egypt; EGP 0.4 million 
for Sudan; and the remaining balance for Jordan.  

On  the  Liabilities  side,  trade  and  other  payables  de-
creased to EGP 333 million in 2017 from EGP 346 million 
in 2016 mainly due to the decline in put option liability 
related  to  the  Jordanian  operation  given  the  spot  rate 
as at 31 December 2016 stood at EGP:JOD 25.41 versus 
EGP:JOD 24.89 as at 31 December 2017. 

Inventories  at  2017  year  end  were  EGP  70  million,  up 
36% versus a year earlier largely due to higher raw mate-
rial prices in 2017 compared with 2016.

IDH  managed  to  deliver  strong  operational  cash  flow, 
with an ending cash balance at 2017 year end of EGP 694 
million (excluding restricted cash).

Dividend
Proposed  dividends  for  ordinary  shares  are  subject  to 
the  approval  of  the  Annual  General  Meeting  and  are 
not  recognised  as  a  liability  as  at  31  December  2017. 
The  Board  of  Directors  has  recommended  that  a  final 
dividend of US$ 24 million, or US$ 0.16 per share, should 
be paid to shareholders who appear on the register as at 
18  May  2018,  with  an  ex-dividend  date  of  17  May  2018. 
The payment date for the dividend will be 8 June 2018.

 
46

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Strategic Report

Corporate    
Responsibility 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

47

Corporate responsibility initiatives are an 
extension of our core purpose to better the 
lives of individuals and improve the com-
munities in which we operate 

Founded  on  the  principle  of  providing  quality  medical 
assistance  and  services  to  better  the  lives  of  individu-
als  and  the  community  at  large,  IDH  views  corporate 
responsibility  initiatives  as  an  extension  of  its  core 
purpose, with the aim of improving the communities in 
which it does business. 

The Moamena Kamel Foundation for Training and Skill De-
velopment was established in 2006 by Dr. Moamena Kamel, 
a Professor of Pathology at Cairo University, founder of IDH 
subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs, and mother of the CEO, Dr. 
Hend El Sherbini. IDH commits up to 1% of the net after-tax 
profit of the subsidiaries Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar to the 
Foundation,  which  in  2017  amounted  to  EGP  3.9  million 
compared with EGP 2.8 million in 2016.

The  Foundation  allocates  this  sum  to  organisations  and 
groups  in  need  of  assistance,  with  a  particular  focus  on 
making  a  difference  in  the  lives  of  residents  of  Cairo’s  Al 
Duweiqa  community  along  with  several  other  villages 
across Egypt. The Foundation deploys an integrated pro-
gram and vision for the communities it helps that include 
economic, social and healthcare development initiatives.

The Foundation’s primary services include:

•	 Free healthcare clinics
•	 Loans for entrepreneurial women
•	 Educational  services  for  the  children  of  Al  Duweiqa 

community

•	 Providing food for families in need of such assistance
•	 Coverage  of  running  costs  for  the  ICU  at  Cairo’s 

public-sector Kasr El Aini Hospital

IDH  has  also  been  expanding  the  reach  of  its  Corporate 
Responsibility initiatives in recent years to include:

•	 Additional  services  to  Kasr  El  Aini  Hospital  that  in-
clude providing medical supplies to the ICU and other 
units;  monthly  incentives  for  nurses  in  the  ICU;  and 
12-20 hospital beds

•	 Financial and in-kind support to El Manial Hospital
•	 Financial and in-kind support to the Egyptian people 

during natural disasters

•	 Ramadan Iftar ( feast) meals to underprivileged Egyp-

tians during the holy month of Ramadan

•	 Free  medical  tests  to  underprivileged  Egyptian 

children

•	 Sponsorship of medical convoys to the city of Fayoum

Corporate 
Governance

IDH is committed to implementing strong corporate 
governance, upholding the highest standards of 
accountability and transparency

50

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Board     
of Directors 

The majority of members of IDH’s Board of Directors are independent 
and offer significant experience in the healthcare market, MENA region 
and investment activities.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

51

Lord St John of Bletso (Age 60) 
Independent non-Executive Chairman
Lord  St  John  has  been  a  member  of 
the  House  of  Lords  of  the  U.K.  Par-
liament  since  1978  and  is  currently 
Deputy  Chairman  of  Strand  Hanson 
Ltd.,  Non-Executive  Chairman  of 
Global  Resources  Investment  Trust, 
a  member  of  the  Advisory  Board  of 
Silicon  Valley  Bank,  Non-Executive 
Director  of  Albion  Ventures  LLP, 
Chairman of the Governing Board of 
Certification International and holds 
advisory  roles  with  Milio  Interna-
tional,  Alliance  Media  Group  USA, 
Sapinda  and  ABN  Corporation.  Lord 
St John received a BA and a BSocSc in 
Psychology  from  Cape  Town  Univer-
sity, a BProc in Law from the Univer-
sity of South Africa and an LLM from 
the London School of Economics.

prof. Dr. Hend El Sherbini (Age 49)
Group Chief Executive Officer
Dr. El Sherbini is a professor of clinical 
pathology  at  the  Faculty  of  Medicine, 
Cairo University and currently sits on 
the board of American Society of Clini-
cal Pathology (Egypt) and consults on 
the international certification process. 
She  received  her  MBBCh,  Masters  in 
Clinical and Chemical pathology, PhD 
in  Immunology  from  Cairo  Univer-
sity,  and  MBA  from  London  Business 
School. Dr. El Sherbini served as CEO 
of  Al  Mokhtabar  since  2004,  until  be-
coming CEO of the Group in 2012.

Hussein Choucri (Age 67) 
Independent non-Executive Director 
and Chairman of the Remuneration 
Committee
Mr. Choucri is Chairman and Manag-
ing Director of HC Securities & Invest-
ment,  which  he  established  in  May 
1996. He currently sits on the boards 
of  EDITA  Food  Industries  S.A.E  and 
SODIC  (Sixth  of  October  Develop-
ment  &  Investment  Company),  as 
well as the Egyptian British Business 
Council and the Egyptian Greek Busi-
ness Council. Mr. Choucri served as a 
Managing Director of Morgan Stanley 
from  1987  to  1993  and  served  as 
Advisory Director at Morgan Stanley 
from 1993-2007. He received his Man-
agement Diploma from the American 
University in Cairo in 1978.

James patrick nolan (Age 58)  
Independent non-Executive Director 
and Chairman of the Audit Committee
Mr. Nolan is an Independent Director. 
He  spent  15  years  with  Royal  Philips 
NV, latterly as Head of Mergers & Ac-
quisitions, and has also served as Head 
of Mergers & Acquisitions at Veon Inc., 
a  major  mobile  telecoms  operator  in 
Emerging  Markets.  During  his  time 
at  Philips,  he  led  a  series  of  acquisi-
tions in diagnostic imaging, an area in 
which  Philips  is  now  a  global  leader. 
He  has  extensive  quoted-company 
board experience having served on the 
boards  of  M*Modal  Inc.,  Navteq  Inc 
and SHL Telemedicine Ltd. Mr. Nolan 
graduated  from  Oxford  University  in 
Law in 1983 and is a qualified barrister 
in  England  and  Wales.  He  also  holds 
an MBA from INSEAD.

Dan olsson (Age 52)
Independent non-Executive Director
Mr. Olsson is CEO of the Team Olivia 
Group AB, a Swedish healthcare group. 
He  has  long  and  extensive  interna-
tional  experience  in  the  diagnostic 
sector, where he has served in a range 
of  executive  positions,  among  others 
as  CEO  of  Unilabs  Group  in  Geneva, 
Switzerland from 2007 to 2009 and has 
worked in the healthcare sector since 
1999. Mr. Olsson studied economics at 
the University of Lund in Sweden.

Richard Henry phillips  (Age 53) 
non-Executive Director
Mr.  Phillips  is  a  founding  partner  of 
Actis  LLP,  the  emerging  markets  pri-
vate equity group. As Actis LLP is one 
of  the  Company’s  major  shareholders, 
Mr.  Phillips  is  not  considered  by  the 
Board  as  being  independent.  He  was 
previously  responsible  for  the  invest-
ment  activity  of  Actis  in  North  Africa 
and  is  currently  responsible  for  Asia. 
He is a member of the Actis Investment 
Committee. Mr. Phillips is a director on 
the  board  of  a  number  of  companies 
including  Emerging  Markets  Knowl-
edge Holdings (Mauritius) Limited, Les 
Laboratoires Medis SA, and others. Mr. 
Phillips  holds  a  degree  in  Economics 
from the University of Exeter.

52

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance      
Report  

Your  Board  of  Directors  (“the  Board”)  is  responsible  for 
providing strong leadership and effective decision making, 
safeguarding in the process the interests of all shareholders 
of  Integrated  Diagnostics  Holdings.  Under  my  chairman-
ship, the Board has been resolute in providing oversight and 
guidance to senior management as the Group continues to 
execute its regional growth strategy.  

IDH has a standard listing on the London Stock Exchange 
and is thus not required to comply with the requirements 
of the 2014 U.K. Corporate Governance Code (“the Code”) 
as issued by the Financial Reporting Council, nor does IDH 
voluntarily comply with the Code. That said, it is the view 
of your Board that we continue our path of improving our 
corporate governance structure to adhere to best practices. 
We  strongly  believe  that  the  gradual  adoption  of  best  in-
dustry practices in governance will assist us in building a 
profitable and sustainable business as well as safeguarding 
shareholder interests.

We are compliant with Financial Conduct Authority Disclo-
sure and Transparency Rule (DTR) subchapters 7.1 and 7.2, 
which set out certain mandatory disclosures: 7.1 concerns 
audit committees and bodies carrying out equivalent func-
tions;  7.2  concerns  corporate  governance  standards  that 
are included in the Directors Report or, in this case, as part 
of the Strategic Review (DTR 7.2.1). 

To  that  end,  we  have  an  Audit  Committee  as  well  as  Re-
muneration and Nomination Committees. The Board may 
establish additional committees as appropriate going for-
ward.  This  Annual  Report  includes  reports  from  both  the 
Audit and Remuneration Committees. 

Your Board aims to work towards implementing best prac-
tices in corporate governance, calling on both the expertise 
of individual Directors as well as that of outside parties, in-
cluding legal counsel and global professional services firms.  

Functioning of the Board
We  met  five  times  as  a  Board  during  the  course  of  2017, 
including  once  in  Cairo,  Egypt  in  November  2017.  I  was 
delighted to have had the opportunity to visit IDH’s main 
base of operations in Cairo, during which time I engaged di-
rectly with senior management to discuss both the Group’s 
strategic plans and how management (including our Chief 
Executive)  is  evolving  the  policies  and  procedures  neces-
sary to continue the full institutionalisation of the business. 

The  Board  has  invested  significant  time  discussing  and 
evaluating  the  Group’s  strategy  and  prospects  for  future 
growth,  the  outcome  of  which  is  presented  in  our  state-
ment of strategy on page 32. We are confident that we have 
in place the right strategy and the right management team 
to deliver shareholder returns going forward. 

Composition of the Board
Under  its  Articles  of  Association,  the  Group  must  have  a 
minimum  of  two  Directors.  While  there  is  no  maximum 
number  of  Directors,  the  Board  presently  includes  six 
Board members and has no intention at present of appoint-
ing additional members. Notably, Directors have no share 
qualification, meaning they do not need to be shareholders 
of the Group in order to serve. 

I am pleased to report that we have four Independent Non-
Executive  Directors.  Together,  the  Directors  offer  IDH  a 
world standard mix of expertise in areas including strategy, 
finance and medical diagnostics — as well as diverse expe-
rience in Europe, the Middle East and Africa. We have rel-
evant commercial and technical experience to help direct 
the Group as it delivers on its strategy in a very technical 
field and across rapidly changing geographies.

Your  Board  in  2017  and  their  biographies  are  set  out  on 
pages 50 and 51 of this Annual Report and are summarised 
in the following table.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

53

Board of Directors of Integrated Diagnostic Holdings plc

name

position (Date of appointment)

Lord St John of Bletso

Independent Non-Executive Chairperson (12 January 2015)

Prof. Dr. Hend El Sherbini

Group Chief Executive Officer (23 December 2014)

Hussein Choucri

Independent Non-Executive Director (12 January 2015)

James Patrick Nolan

Independent Non-Executive Director (8 April 2015)

Dan Olsson

Independent Non-Executive Director (12 January 2015)

Richard Henry Phillips

Non-Executive Director (23 December 2014)

Leadership 
We continue to operate on the basis of a clear division of 
responsibilities between the role of the Chairman and that 
of the Group Chief Executive. This segregation of roles was 
agreed  at  the  Board  meeting  held  12  January  2015.  The 
Board  continues  to  believe  that  this  segregation  of  roles 
remains  appropriate,  taking  into  account  the  size  and 
structure of the Group. 

As Chairman, I ensure the Board is effective in the execution 
of all aspects of its role. The Group Chief Executive Officer, 
meanwhile, is responsible for managing the day-to-day run-
ning  of  the  business.  In  this,  she  is  supported  by  a  senior 
management team. The Group Chief Executive and I have 
a good working relationship and discuss matters of Group 
strategy and performance on a regular basis. 

We also work together to ensure that Board meetings cover 
relevant matters, including a quarterly review of financial 
and  operational  performance  (including  key  performance 
indicators),  and  in  partnership  with  the  Group  secretary 
ensure that all Directors:  

•	 are kept advised of key developments;
•	

receive  accurate,  timely  and  clear  information  upon 
which to call in the execution of their duties; and
•	 actively participate in the decision-making process. 

Agendas for meetings of the Board are reviewed and agreed 
in advance to ensure each Board meeting is efficiently run, 
allowing  all  Directors  to  openly  and  constructively  chal-
lenge  the  proposals  made  by  the  Group’s  senior  manage-
ment. I am pleased to report that throughout the year, each 
Director  has  properly  exercised  those  powers  with  which 
they have been vested by the Group’s Articles of Association 
and relevant laws.

The Board operates under a Schedule of Matters Reserved, 
the  details  of  which  are  unchanged  since  our  last  Annual 
Report. Matters reserved to the Board means any decision 
that may affect the overall direction, supervision and man-
agement of the Group, including, but not limited to:

a.  approving annually a strategic plan and objectives for 

the following year for the Group;

b.  approving any decision to cease to operate all or any 
material part of the Group’s business or to enter into 
any new business or geographic areas;

c.  monitoring the delivery of the Group’s strategy, objec-

tives, business plan and budget;

d.  adopting  or  amending  the  Group’s  business  plan  or 

e. 

annual budget;
incurring  any  capital  expenditure  in  respect  of  any 
item  or  project  of  more  than  EGP  5  million  that  is 
not  within  the  annual  budget  already  approved  by 
the Board;

f.  entering  into  any  contract,  liability  or  commitment 
that:  (i)  could  involve  a  liability  for  expenditure  in 
excess of EGP 25 million that is not within the annual 
budget already approved by the Board or (ii) is outside 
the ordinary course of business of the Group, unless 
a  contract  involves  costs  within  the  annual  budget 
and business plan already approved by the Board and 
satisfies such authorisation criteria as the Group may 
approve from time to time as part of the procedures 
for the Group;

g.  making any material acquisition or disposal (includ-
ing any grant of any material licence) of or relating to 
any intellectual property rights;

h.  decisions  relating  to  the  conduct  (including  the  set-
tlement) of any legal proceedings to which any mem-
ber  of  the  Group’s  group  is  a  party  where  there  is  a 
potential liability or claim of more than EGP 100,000;

 
54

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

i.  approving  the  Group’s  annual  report  and  accounts 
and  half-yearly  financial  statements  and/or  any 
change in the accounting principles or tax policies of 
any member of the Group’s group and/or any change 
in the end of the financial year of any member of the 
Group’s  group  except  as  contemplated  by  the  busi-
ness plan or annual budget, as required by law or to 
comply with a new accounting standard;

j.  adopting (or varying) the Group’s group material poli-
cies  in  respect  of  employees’  remuneration,  employ-
ment terms and/or pension schemes;

k.  any member of the Group’s group declaring or paying 

any dividend or distribution; 

l.  delegating any of the Group’s powers to a committee 
of the Board, including setting the quorum for a meet-
ing  of  any  such  committee  or  approving  its,  or  any 
changes to its, terms of reference;

m.  approving  the  issue  of  all  circulars,  prospectuses, 
listing  particulars  and  general  meeting  notices  to 
shareholders of the Group;

n.  ensuring the Group has effective systems of internal 
control and risk management in place by (i) approving 
the Group’s risk appetite statements and (ii) approv-
ing policies and procedures for the detection of fraud, 
the prevention of bribery and other areas considered 
by the Board to be material;

o.  undertaking an annual review of the effectiveness of 
the  Group’s  risk  management  and  internal  control 
and  reporting  on  that  review  in  the  Group’s  annual 
report. The review should cover all controls, including 
financial,  operational  and  compliance  controls  and 
risk management; 

Meeting

Highlights

p.  carrying  out  a  robust  assessment  of  the  principal 
risks facing the Group, including those that threaten 
its business, future performance, solvency or liquid-
ity and to report on such assessment in the Group’s 
annual report; and

q.  reviewing the Group’s overall corporate governance 
arrangements and approving any changes thereto.

Apart  from  these  Reserved  matters,  the  Board  delegates 
specific  items  to  its  principal  committees,  namely  the 
committees  on  Audit,  Remuneration  and  Nomination. 
Each Committee is authorised to seek any information it 
requires from senior management.

I provide brief recaps below on each of these committees. 
Reports from the Chairmen of the  Audit and Remunera-
tion Committees appear starting pages 58 and 62 of this 
Annual Report, respectively.

Board activities during 2017
Your Board of Directors held five meetings in 2017: three in 
London, one in Cairo and one via conference call. 

The following standing items are considered at each meeting:
•	 Determines that notice was given and that a quorum 

for the meeting has been obtained;

•	 Hears declarations of interest and considers any con-

flicts of interest that may arise; 

•	 Establishes the purpose of the meeting; and
•	 Reviews and approves minutes of the previous meet-

ing of the Board.

2 February 2017

21 March 2017

22 May 2017

21 August 2017

21 November 2017

Review of strategy and business opportunities going forward.
Approval of  the Group’s  Annual Report  and  Accounts  for the  year ended 31 De-
cember  2017.  Recommendation  of  a  final  dividend  to  shareholders  for  approval 
at the AGM. Discussion of the macroeconomic backdrop in Egypt. Review of the 
year-to-date financial highlights.
Review of the Group’s operational and financial performance during the interim 
three-month  period  to  31  March  2017  and  approval  of  the  Quarterly  Interim 
Management Statement. Discussion of strategy and business opportunities going 
forward.
Discussion of key operational and financial highlights in the first half of 2017. Ap-
proval of the Group’s Interim Financial Statements for the period to 30 June 2017. 
Review of strategy and business opportunities going forward.
Discussion  of  the  Remuneration  Committee’s  report  regarding  the  Group’s  Hu-
man  Resources  (HR)  structure  and  newly-appointed  HR  Director.  Review  of  the 
Group’s operational and financial performance during the nine-month period to 
30 September 2017. Discussion of the Group’s 2018 budget. Review of strategy and 
business opportunities going forward.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

55

Details  of  our  Directors’  attendance  at  Board  and  Com-
mittee meetings are shown in the table on page 57. In the 
event that any Director is unable to attend a meeting of the 
Board or Committee of which they are a member, he or she 
receives  the  necessary  papers,  including  agendas,  meet-
ing  outcomes  and  any  documents  presented  for  review 
or  information.  Furthermore,  I  endeavour  to  discuss  with 
them in advance of the meeting to obtain their views and 
decisions on the proposals to be considered.  

The Board meeting held one meeting in Cairo, Egypt in 2017 
to afford all Directors the opportunity to tour the Group’s 
Egypt  offices  and  diagnostic  facilities,  as  well  as  to  meet 
with  members  of  the  Group’s  senior  management  on  an 
as-needed basis. 

Within  the  wider  corporate  governance  framework,  man-
agement  established  in  2016  a  Management  Committee 
led  by  the  Chief  Executive.  Its  members  include  all  heads 
of departments, and it meets every second week to discuss 
issues  related  to  sales,  manual  analysis  units,  automated 
analysis units, human resources, finance, marketing, qual-
ity and investor relations. The Group’s general counsel also 
attends these meetings on an as-needed basis. Senior man-
agement uses this as a forum to review upcoming priorities, 
recent performance, and the operational steps necessary to 
ensure the management team delivers on its business goals 
and the Group’s strategic plan.

Effectiveness 
The  Board  of  IDH  does  not  currently  have  formal  mecha-
nisms  in  place  to  evaluate  its  effectiveness  as  regards  to 
the  on-boarding  of  new  Directors,  strategic  planning  or 
its formulation of goals. That said, having spent consider-
able  time  in  both  formal  meetings  and  in  learning  about 
the  skills  of  our  Directors  one  on  one  —  and  drawing  on 
my  past  experience  as  a  Director  —  I  am  confident  that 
the Board has the skills, talent and industry knowledge it 
needs to effectively deliver the Group’s agreed strategy. It is, 
moreover, our hope that we will over time develop formal 
evaluation mechanisms that will allow us to report on our 
effectiveness in a more rigorous manner. 

In  the  interim,  it  is  my  considered  judgement  that  the 
Board  receives  from  senior  management  sufficiently 
detailed  budgets,  forecasts,  strategy  proposals,  reviews  of 
the Group’s financial position and operating performance, 
and  annual  and  half  yearly  reports  to  ensure  that  it  may 
be effective. This enables us to effectively ask questions of 
senior management and to hold discussions on the Group’s 
strategy  and  performance.  In  2017,  senior  management 
delivered  regular  reports  to  the  Board  ahead  of  regularly 
scheduled Board meetings.

All  meetings  of  the  Board  and  its  Committees  are  min-
uted by the Group Secretary or a designated alternate. Any 
concerns  raised  by  Directors  are  clearly  recorded  in  the 
minutes  of  each  meeting.  I  review  Board  minutes  in  my 
capacity as Chairman before these minutes are circulated 
to all Directors in attendance and then tabled for approval 
at the next meeting, at which time any necessary amend-
ments are made.

The Group has obtained customary directors’ and officers’ 
indemnity insurance covering the Chairman and the Non-
Executive Directors.

overview of the nomination Committee
The  Nomination  Committee  assists  the  Board  in  reviewing 
the  structure,  size  and  composition  of  the  Board.  It  is  also 
responsible for reviewing succession plans for the Directors, 
including the Chairman and Chief Executive and other senior 
management. The Nomination Committee met on 21 August 
2017  within  the  context  of  the  regular  Board  of  Directors 
meeting, where it was resolved to appoint Mr. Omar Bedewy 
as Chief Financial Officer in succession to Mr. Tarek Hamida. 

I note in this instance that all members of the Nomination 
Committee  are  Non-Executive  Directors.  As  a  result,  we 
are  fully  compliant  with  the  Code’s  recommendation  that 
a  majority  of  the  Nomination  Committee  should  comprise 
Independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  Hussein  Choucri 
is  deemed  to  be  our  Non-Executive  Director  with  relevant 
financial experience in compliance with the DTR.

Chairman

Members

Lord St John of Bletso

Hussein Choucri

Dan Olsson

overview of the Remuneration Committee
The  Remuneration  Committee  recommends  the  Group’s 
policy on executive remuneration determines the levels of 
remuneration  for  Executive  Directors  and  the  Chairman 
and other senior management and prepares an annual re-
muneration report for approval by the Shareholders at the 
Annual General Meeting. 

The Code recommends that the Remuneration Committee 
should comprise, in the case of smaller companies, at least 
two  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors.  As  all  of  the 
members of the Committee are Independent Non-Executive 
Directors, we are in full compliance with the recommenda-
tions of the Code in this respect.

The  full  report  of  the  Remuneration  Committee  for  2017 
appears starting on page 62 of this Annual Report.

56

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Chairman

Hussein Choucri

Members

Dan Olsson

James Patrick Nolan

overview of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee’s role is to assist the Board with the 
discharge  of  its  responsibilities  in  relation  to  financial 
reporting,  including:  reviewing  the  Group’s  annual  and 
half-year  financial  statements  and  accounting  policies 
and  internal  and  external  audits  and  controls;  reviewing 
and monitoring the independence and scope of the annual 
audit and the extent of the non-audit work undertaken by 
external auditors; advising on the appointment of external 
auditors;  and  reviewing  the  effectiveness  of  the  internal 
audit, internal controls, whistleblowing and fraud systems 
in place within the Group. The Audit Committee will meet 
not less than three times a year. 

The Code requires that at least one member of the Audit Com-
mittee be independent and that at least one member has com-
petence in accounting and /or auditing. In addition, the Code 
recommends that the Audit Committee should comprise, in 
the case of smaller companies, at least two Independent Non-
Executive Directors and that at least one member has recent 
and  relevant  financial  experience  and  that  members  of  the 
Committee  must  have  competence  relevant  to  the  sector  in 
which the Group is operating. The Board considers that the 
Audit Committee complies with the requirements and recom-
mendations of the Code in those respects. 

Chairman

Members

James Patrick Nolan

Dan Olsson

Hussein Choucri

The  full  report  of  the  Audit  Committee  for  2017  appears 
starting on page 58 of this Annual Report.

Internal Control and Risk Management
Given  the  business  and  geographies  in  which  the  Group 
operates, I believe as Chairman that risk mitigation will be 
key not just to the creation and preservation of shareholder 
value, but in the Group’s growth going forward. The Com-
pany’s  risk  matrix,  outlined  on  pages  34-39,  is  sufficiently 
vital  that  it  must  be  owned  equally  by  the  management 
team and members of the Board. 

Our view as a Board is that the Group must be proactive on 
risk  in  order  to  meet  shareholder  expectations,  and  I  have 
advised that I expect the IDH management team to be ahead 
of the curve in this area. Senior management is working with 
the internal audit team to take the risk register forward. You 
may expect risk and its mitigation will be a theme to which 
your Board returns repeatedly in 2018, as we did in 2017. 

The Board has ultimate responsibility for the Group’s in-
ternal controls; however, they have delegated oversight 
of  the  Group’s  system  of  internal  controls  to  the  Audit 
Committee  so  as  to  safeguard  the  assets  of  the  Group 
and the interests of shareholders. The Audit Committee 
thus  reviews  the  effectiveness  of  the  Group’s  internal 
controls  on  an  ongoing  basis  to  ensure  the  keeping  of 
proper  accounting  records,  safeguarding  the  assets  of 
the Group and detecting fraud and other irregularities. 
The  Audit  Committee  reports  back  to  the  Board  with 
their findings and recommendations. 

The  Board  has  accordingly  established  that  the  Group 
has in place internal controls to manage risk including:

•	 an Internal Auditor was appointed in May 2016; 
•	

the  identification  and  management  of  risk  at  the 
level  of  operating  departments  by  the  heads  of 
those departments; and
regular  Board  level  discussion  of  the  major  busi-
ness  risks  of  the  Group,  together  with  measures 
being taken to contain and mitigate those risks.

•	

The Group’s principal risks and uncertainties and miti-
gation for them are set out on pages 34-39 of this Annual 
Report.

Your  Board  has  furthermore  put  in  place  a  control 
framework at the Group level that applies to all subsidi-
aries, including:

•	 Board  approval  of  the  overall  Group  budget  and 

strategic plans;

•	 a clear organisational structure delineating lines of re-
sponsibility, authorities and reporting requirements;

•	 defined expenditure authorisation levels;
•	 a  regular  process  for  operational  reviews  at  the 
senior management level on a weekly, monthly and 
quarterly basis covering all aspects of the business;
•	 a  strategic  planning  process  that  defines  the  key 
steps senior management must take to deliver on the 
Group’s long term strategy;

•	 a  comprehensive  system  of  financial  reporting 
including  weekly  flash  reports  to  management, 
monthly  reporting  to  management  and  an  annual 
budget  process  involving  both  senior  management 
and the Board; the Board received reports on a quar-
terly basis in 2017. 

•	 as  part  of  the  reporting  process  in  2017,  manage-
ment reviewed monthly and year-to-date actual re-
sults against prior year, against budget and against 
forecast; these reports were circulated to the Board; 
any  significant  changes  and  adverse  variances 
are  reviewed  by  the  Group  Chief  Executive  and  by 
senior  management  and  remedial  action  is  taken 
where appropriate.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

57

An internal audit plan for 2018 was prepared and agreed 
with the Audit Committee.

Investor Relations
Engagement  with  shareholders  continues  to  be  a  key 
function at both the senior management and the Board 
level.  Our  investor  relations  function  held  more  than 
50  meetings  with  current  and  potential  investors  dur-
ing  the  course  of  the  year.  Management  met  investors 
at  seven  investor  conferences  organised  by  CI  Capital 
(Cairo and New York; counted as one conference), EFG 
Hermes (Dubai and London; two separate conferences), 
Renaissance  Capital  (Cape  Town),  Arqaam  Capital 
(Dubai),  HSBC  (London)  and,  Deutsche  Bank  (Dubai); 
welcomed  potential  and  current  investors  to  meetings 
in  Cairo;  and  handled  queries,  whether  delivered  ver-
bally or in writing, from more than 100 investors.

We published both half- and full-year results and further 
released  trading  updates  on  performance  at  the  three- 
and  nine-month  periods.  We  intend  to  continue  pub-
lishing  trading  updates  at  the  first-  and  third-quarter 
marks in 2018, while simultaneously meeting the mini-
mum regulatory disclosure as required of a UK Standard 
listed entity. 

The  Board  communicates  with  shareholders  through 
public  announcements  disseminated  via  the  London 
Stock Exchange, analyst briefings, roadshows and press 
interviews. Copies of public announcements and finan-
cial results are published on the Group’s website, along 
with a number of other investor relations tools.

The  Board  receives  regular  updates  from  the  senior 
management  team  on  the  views  of  major  shareholders 
and  on  milestones  in  the  investor  relations  program. 
We will continue throughout 2018 to grow our investor 
relations  program  to  ensure  that  our  shareholders  and 
stakeholders  remain  informed  of  the  Group’s  strategy 
and ongoing financial and business performance.

Annual Reporting and Annual General Meeting of 
Shareholders
We typically publish our Annual Report in March in respect of 
the prior year ended 31 December. We voluntarily comply with 
the Code’s requirement to send a Notice of Meeting of an An-
nual General Meeting (AGM) and related papers to sharehold-
ers at least 20 working days prior to the meeting. 

The Group’s second Annual General Meeting as a listed com-
pany will be held in London on 14 May 2018. Shareholders are 
encouraged to attend the AGM and to ask questions about the 
business, its financial performance and its strategy. All Board 
members are scheduled to attend the upcoming AGM. Details 
of the AGM are included in the Notice of Meeting that accompa-
nies this Annual Report and which is available on our website.

At the AGM, all of the Group’s Directors will retire and submit 
themselves for re-election. 

The outcome of the voting at the AGM will be announced by 
way of a London Stock Exchange announcement and full details 
will be published on the Group’s website shortly after the AGM. 

Limitations of this Report
As I noted earlier, the Group is not bound to adhere to the re-
quirements of the 2016 U.K. Code of Corporate Governance. 
Nevertheless, we have endeavoured to ensure that this An-
nual Report is, as a whole, fair, balanced and understandable.

In  formulating  this  Annual  Report,  we  have  called  on  the 
Group Chief Executive and her senior management staff to 
provide us with clear documentary evidence of the Group’s 
performance and policies for 2017. The Audit Committee has 
confirmed to us that the financial statements as contained in 
the 2017 Annual Report are true and fair and that the work of 
the external auditor has been accurate and effective.

Lord St John of Bletso
Chairman
20 March 2018

table of Director Attendance at 2017 Meetings

Number of meetings

Directors
Lord St John of Bletso
Dr. Hend El Sherbini
Hussein Choucri
James Nolan
Dan Olsson
Richard Phillips

Board

Audit

Remuneration

nomination

5

5
5
5
5
5
5

3

3
3
2

1

1
1
1

1

 1

 1 

 1

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
58

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Audit Committee       
Report  

2018 marks my third year as Chairman of the Audit Com-
mittee,  having  been  appointed  to  that  role  owing  to  my 
relevant  financial  experience  as  required  by  the  Code. 
I  have  served  on  the  audit  committees  of  three  publicly 
quoted companies in the past. I have held the positions of 
Global Head of Mergers & Acquisitions both at Veon and at 
Royal Philips. I hold an MBA from INSEAD and studied law 
at university. The other members of the Committee have a 
broad range of appropriate skills and experience covering 
financial and healthcare industry matters and their biogra-
phies are summarised on pages 50 and 51. I am very grateful 
for their valuable contributions and am happy that we work 
well together as a team.

During 2017, the Audit Committee convened three times, 
once each in March, August and November. We provided 
governance  of  external  financial  reporting,  risk  manage-
ment and internal controls and reported our findings and 
recommendations  to  the  Board.  Outside  of  scheduled 
committee  meetings,  the  Audit  Committee  also  com-
municated  throughout  2017  on  an  as-needed  basis  with 
the Group Chief Financial Officer and with KPMG as our 
external auditors.  

The  audit  partner  and  audit  manager  from  the  Group’s 
external auditor, KPMG, are invited to attend meetings of 
the  Committee  on  a  regular  basis.  During  2017,  they  at-
tended meetings in whole or in part, both in person and by 
telephone. The Vice-President Finance and Strategy, who is 
not a member of the executive board, attends our meetings 
by  invitation,  and  other  members  of  the  senior  manage-
ment team attend as required; these include the Director of 
Investor Relations and the Group Secretary. 

There are also private meetings between the Audit Commit-
tee and the external auditor outside the half-year and year 
end timetable at which senior management is not present. 
The Committee will continue with the practice of meeting 
in private with the external auditor in the future.

James nolan 
Chairman, Audit Committee

The Audit Committee is responsible for overseeing IDH’s 
internal  financial  reporting  and  ensuring  the  integrity 
of  the  Group’s  financial  statements.  The  Committee  is 
also  responsible  for  reviewing  and  monitoring  the  ef-
fectiveness  of  the  Group’s  risk  management  processes 
and internal controls, as well as for ensuring that audit 
processes are robust.

At the date of this report, the Audit Committee comprises 
three Non-Executive Directors, all of whom are considered 
independent. In addition to myself, the members are Dan 
Olsson and Hussein Choucri.

At  our  Board  Meeting  in  August  2016,  the  Audit  Com-
mittee  approved  the  Internal  Audit  Activity  Charter 
as  well  as  the  appointment  of  Mr.  Ashraf  Hallaba  as 
Internal Auditor reporting to the Audit Committee. The 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

59

role  reports  functionally  to  the  Audit  Committee  and 
administratively to the Chief Executive Officer. Since in-
ception, the Internal Auditor has been building a team, 
writing  a  manual  on  operations,  reviewing  process  of 
key  functions  within  the  company  and  discussing  the 
same  with  the  company’s  management.  The  Internal 
Auditor delivered his comprehensive risk register on 19 
November 2017, as well as his progress report in setting 
up  and  establishing  his  department.  It  was  noted  that 
the  department  was  not  yet  fully  staffed  and  that  the 
position of Compliance Officer was not filled. Adequate 
staffing  is  an  essential  ingredient  of  the  success  of  the 
Internal Audit function and is under review.

FRC Audit Quality Review  
The  FRC  is  the  UK’s  independent  regulator  responsible 
for  promoting  high-quality  corporate  governance  and 
reporting to foster investment. The FRC’s responsibilities 
include  independent  monitoring  of  audits  of  listed  and 
certain  other  public  interest  entities  performed  by  firms 
registered  to  conduct  audits  in  the  UK  by  a  Recognised 
Supervisory Body ( further details are set out on the FRC’s 
website). This monitoring is performed by the FRC’s Audit 
Quality Review (‘AQR’) team. The reviews of individual au-
dit engagements are intended to contribute to safeguard-
ing and promoting improvement in the overall quality of 
auditing in the UK.

Roles and Duties of the Audit Committee
The Audit Committee’s role is to assist the Board with the 
discharge  of  its  responsibilities  in  relation  to  financial  re-
porting, including:

•	

•	

•	

reviewing the Group’s annual and half-year financial 
statements;
reviewing  the  Group’s  accounting  policies,  internal 
and external audits and controls;
reviewing and monitoring the scope of the annual au-
dit and the extent of the non-audit work undertaken 
by external auditors; and 

•	 advising  on  the  appointment  of  external  auditors 
and reviewing the effectiveness of the internal audit, 
internal  controls,  whistleblowing  and  fraud  systems 
in place within the Group.

During its scheduled meetings, the Committee also consid-
ers the following matters:

•	 confirm  compliance  with  Directors’  duties  and  con-

sider any new conflicts of interest;
review minutes of previous meetings;
review actions from previous meetings; and
review progress against current year objectives.

•	
•	
•	

Audit Committee Activities During 2017
During  2017  the  Audit  Committee  had  three  scheduled 
meetings,  one  each  in  March,  August  and  November.  At 
each  scheduled  meeting,  the  Committee  considers  the 
matters  outlined  above  under  the  subheading  “Roles  and 
Duties of the Audit Committee.”

21 March 2017

•	 Overview of the 2016 audit of the Company
•	

Identification and discussion of key risk factors includ-
ing revenue recognition, impairment of goodwill, lease 
accounting and management override of controls

•	 Discussion of dividend policy
•	 Final dividend recommendation to the Board
•	 Letter of Representation recommended to the Board 

for signature

•	 Recommendation  to  the  Board  of  approval  for  the 
Group’s  Financial  Statements  for  the  year  ended  31 
December 2016

•	 Review of the Group’s Internal Audit function 

17 August 2017

•	 Consideration of financials for the half-year ended 30 

June 2017

•	 Discussion  of  auditor’s  interim  review  including  sig-

nificant risks and key areas of focus

•	 Recommendation to the Board of half-year results to 

30 June 2017

20 november 2017

•	 Review and discussion of KPMG’s Audit Plan
•	 Discussion  and  approval  of  the  Group’s  Internal 

Audit Plan

•	 Discussion  and  approval  of  the  revised  Anti-Bribery 
and Anti-Corruption and Trade Controls Policy (ABAC)

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

61

60

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Significant Issues
The  Committee  considered  several  significant  account-
ing  issues,  matters  and  judgements  in  relation  to  the 
Group’s financial statements and disclosures for the year 
ended  31  December  2017.  As  part  of  the  half-year  and 
full-year reporting process, management communicates 
key accounting issues to the Committee, and the exter-
nal  auditor  is  asked  to  comment  on  the  key  significant 
areas of accounting judgement and disclosure. The infor-

Issue

How it is being addressed

mation presented is used by the Committee to critically 
review and assess the key policies and judgements that 
have been applied, the consistency of policy application 
from year to year and the appropriateness of key disclo-
sures made, together with compliance with the applica-
ble  accounting  standards.  The  significant  issue  arising 
and a description of how it was addressed is shown in the 
following table.

Impairment 
of intangible 
assets

The carrying value of goodwill is subject to annual impairment testing undertaken by management, 
who apply a series of assumptions concerning future revenue and cash flows and appropriate discount 
rates for Cash Generating Units (CGU). Management presented the outcome of the impairment review 
to the Audit Committee, highlighting the level of headroom. The external auditor also commented on 
this. The Committee critically reviewed management’s assessment of the outlook and carrying value of 
these intangible assets and their disclosure in the Group’s financial statements. The Committee con-
curred with management’s conclusion that the carrying value of goodwill attributed to each CGU was 
fully supported, and no impairment is required at 31 December 2017.

External Auditor
KPMG has acted as the Group’s external auditor since ap-
pointment  in  July  2015,  with  Mr.  Adrian  Wilcox  serving 
as audit partner until August 2017, when the role was as-
sumed by Mr. David Neale on behalf of KPMG. The Auditors’ 
independence was considered by the Committee during the 
year and following careful consideration, it was agreed that 
the Auditors remained independent. We aim to comply with 
the requirement to rotate the audit partner every five years, 
and thus the term of appointment of our audit partner is 
expected to end in 2022. 

In  acknowledgment  of  the  Competition  and  Markets  Au-
thority’s proposal that companies must put their statutory 
audit engagement out to tender at least every ten years, it 
is possible that we will tender the audit process in 2025, or 
earlier if KPMG’s performance falls short of the Audit Com-
mittee’s expectations.

provision of non-Audit Services
IDH may, on occasion, retain the external auditor for non-
audit  services  on  matters  including  accounting  advice  in 
relation to acquisitions and divestments, corporate govern-
ance and risk management advice, among other services.  
The Audit Committee reviewed the work completed by the 
external auditor, as well as the provision of non-audit servic-
es to ensure that the auditor maintained its independence. 
The  Audit  Committee  confirms  that  during  2017,  £61,500 
was paid to KPMG in respect of non-audit work compared 
to the audit fee for the Group financial statements for the 
year ended 31 December 2017 of £243,500 (audit fee for the 
Group financial statements for the year ended 31 Decem-
ber 2016: £235,000). This non-audit work was related to the 
review of the half year financial statements.

Recommendation
Ultimately,  it  is  the  Board’s  responsibility  to  review  and 
approve the Group’s full-year and half-year financial state-
ments, as well as to determine that, taken as a whole, the 
Annual Report is balanced, understandable and provides 
the information necessary for shareholders to assess the 
Group’s  position  and  performance,  business  model  and 
strategy.  It  is  the  Audit  Committee’s  role  to  assist  the 
Board  in  discharging  its  responsibilities  with  regards 
to  financial  reporting,  external  and  internal  audits  and 
controls.  Following  a  review  of  the  process  around  the 
annual audit and the content of the financial statements, 
the Audit Committee advised the Board at its meeting on 
20 March 2018 that is was their opinion that the financial 
statements  as  at  31  December  2017  provide  a  true  and 
fair  view  of  the  financial  performance  of  the  Group  and 
recommend that it be adopted by the Board and recom-
mended to shareholders for approval at the forthcoming 
Annual General Meeting. 

The Audit Committee has recommended to the Board that 
the Auditors be put forward for re-election at the forthcom-
ing Annual General Meeting. The Committee arrived at this 
recommendation after having: met with the Audit partner 
and  Audit  team;  reviewed  the  quality  of  the  Auditors’ 
reports and the quality of the work undertaken in respect 
of the half-yearly and Annual Report; considered the Audit 
fees of both Audit and Non-Audit work; and reviewed the 
Auditors’ independence.

James nolan 
Chairman, Audit Committee
20 March 2018

62

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Remuneration Committee       
Report  

Remuneration Committee Activities During 2017
20 november 2017 

•	 Overview  of  the  Group’s  Human  Resource  (HR) 

organisational structure

•	 Review of HR work-in-progress under the leadership 

of newly-appointed HR Director
Identification of training needs

•	
•	 Review of the Group’s Compensation strategy, includ-

ing its recent Salary Survey

•	 Discussion  of  a  new  Performance  Management  Sys-

tem to be introduced in 2018

The Remuneration Committee also met in February 2018, 
a  meeting  rescheduled  from  December  2017,  to  discuss 
appropriate  revisions  to  senior  management  salaries;  the 
firm’s  salaries  compared  with  marketplace  benchmarks; 
and  strategies  to  ensure  that  all  employees  are  compen-
sated competitively relative to the marketplace.

Chairman: Lord St John of Bletso is entitled to receive an 
annual salary of US$ 75,000. He is entitled to the reimburse-
ment of reasonable expenses.

Independent Non-Executive Directors: Hussein Choucri, 
James Patrick Nolan and Dan Olsson have been engaged 
by  the  Group  as  Independent  Non-Executive  Directors 
under letters of appointment. They are each entitled to an 
annual fee of US$ 50,000. The Independent Non-Executive 
Directors are all entitled to the reimbursement of reason-
able expenses.

Non-Executive  Directors:  Richard  Henry  Phillips  has 
been  engaged  by  the  Group  as  a  Non-Executive  Director 
under  letter  of  appointment.  He  will  not  be  entitled  to 
receive  any  fee  from  the  Group  for  this  role.  The  Non-
Executive Directors are all entitled to the reimbursement 
of reasonable expenses.

Hussein Choucri 
Chairman, Remuneration Committee

In this report from the Remuneration Committee, I outline 
on behalf of my colleagues and myself the basis on which 
Directors  and  select  members  of  senior  management  will 
be remunerated for their service in 2017. 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

63

Remuneration of Directors in 2017 (all figures in EGP)2

Figures in EGp

Base salary / 
fees 2017

Base salary / 
fees 2016

Annual bonus 
2017

Annual Bonus 
2016

total 2017

total 2016

Executive Director
Dr. Hend El Sherbini 

non-Executive Directors
Lord St John of Bletso
Hussein Choucri
James Nolan
Dan Olsson
Richard Phillips 

3,973,500

3,898,322

450,000

450,000 

4,423,500

4,348,322

1,325,938
883,958
883,958
883,958
-

761,565
    507,710
507,710
507,710
-

-
-
-
-
-

-
-
-
-
-

1,325,938
883,958
883,958
883,958
-

    761,565
507,710
507,710
507,710
-

A detailed discussion of the basis on which the aforemen-
tioned (as well as one key member of senior management) 
were remunerated for their service in 2017 appears below 
and is summarised in tabular form on page 63.

Hussein Choucri 
Chairman, Remuneration Committee 
20 March 2018

2 There are no taxable benefits, corporate pensions or long-term incentive plans for the Company’s directors. 
3 Dr. Hend El Sherbini receives part of her annual bonus in the form of an annual award amounting to EGP 450,000.
4 Mr. Philips is the board representative of a major shareholder, Actis, and is therefore not remunerated

64

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

Directors’       
Report  

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

65

The  statements  and  reviews  on  pages  02  to  47  comprise 
the Strategic Report, which contains certain information 
that  is  incorporated  into  this  Directors’  Report  by  refer-
ence, including indications as to the Group’s likely future 
business developments. 

principal Activities
The  Group’s  principal  activity  is  the  provision  of  medical 
diagnostics services. An overview of the Group’s principal 
activities is an integral component of the Strategic Review 
included in this Annual Report beginning on page 24. 

Directors
The Directors who held office at 31 December 2017 and up 
to the date of this report are set out on pages 50 and 51  along 
with their photographs and biographies. The remuneration 
of the Directors (including their respective shareholdings in 
the Group, where applicable) is set out in the Remuneration 
Report on pages 62 and 63.

Directors’ and Officers’ Liability Insurance and 
Indemnification of Directors
Subject to the conditions set out in the Companies (Jersey) 
Law 1991 (as amended), the Group has arranged appropri-
ate  Directors’  and  Officers’  liability  insurance  to  indem-
nify the Directors against liability in respect of proceedings 
brought by third parties. Such provisions remain in force at 
the date of this report.

Business Review and Future Developments
A  review  of  the  development  and  performance  of  the 
Group’s  business  forms  an  integral  part  of  this  Annual 
Report  in  sections  including  A  Note  from  Our  Chairman 
(pages  10-11),  A  Note  from  Our  CEO  (pages  12  to  13), 
Strategic  Report  (beginning  page  02)  and  particularly  the 
Financial  Review  (beginning  on  page  40).  Financial  state-
ments for 2017 appear in the Audited Financial Statements 
(starting on page 68). 

Results and Dividends
The  Group’s  Results  for  2017  are  set  out  in  the  Audited 
Financial Statements starting on page 68. 

The Board of Directors has recommended that a dividend of 
US$ 0.16 (sixteen US$ cents) per share (2016: US$ 0.14, fourteen 

US$ cents) should be paid to shareholders who appear on the 
register as at 18 May 2018, with an ex-dividend date of 17 May 
2018. The payment date for the dividend is 8 June 2018.

principal Risks and uncertainties
The principal risks and uncertainties that may affect IDH’s 
business, as well as their potential mitigants, are outlined 
on pages 34 to 39 of this Annual Report. 

Share Capital
The  Group  has  150,000,000  ordinary  shares  each  with  a 
nominal value of US$ 1.00. There are no other shares in is-
sue, other than ordinary shares. Note 20 to the consolidated 
financial statements on page 107 summarises the rights of 

the ordinary shares as well as the number issued during 2017. 
An analysis of shareholdings is shown below.

Substantial share holdings
As at 1 March 2018, the Company ascertained from its own 
analysis that the following held interests of 3% or more of 
the voting rights of its issued share capital: 

The Directors certify that there are no issued securities that 
carry special rights with regard to control of the Company. 
There  are  similarly  no  restrictions  on  voting  rights.  Chief 
Executive  Officer  Dr.  Hend  El-Sherbini  jointly  holds  vot-
ing  rights  to  shares  held  by  Hena  Holdings  Ltd.  with  her 
mother, Dr. Moamena Kamel.

Shareholder

Hena Holdings Ltd.
Actis IDH B.V.
HSBC Global Asset Mgmt (UK)
T. Rowe Price
FIAM LLC

number of voting rights

% of voting rights

38,245,589
31,500,000
 12,887,084
 7,670,533
7,340,589

25.50
21.00
 8.59
 5.11
4.89

66

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Corporate Governance

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

67

Committees of the Board
The  Board  has  established  Audit,  Nominations  and  Re-
muneration  Committees.  Details  of  these  Committees, 
including membership and their activities during 2017, are 
contained in the Corporate Governance section of this An-
nual Report and in the Remuneration Report.

Corporate Responsibility
The Group’s report on Corporate Responsibility is set out on 
pages 46 to 47.

Corporate Governance
The  Group’s  report  on  Corporate  Governance  is  on  pages 
48 to 63.

Articles of Association
The Company’s Articles of Association set out the rights of 
shareholders  including  voting  rights,  distribution  rights, 
attendance at general meetings, powers of Directors, pro-
ceedings of Directors as well as borrowing limits and other 
governance controls. A copy of the Articles of Association 
can be requested from the Group Company Secretary. 

The Articles of Association may be amended by members of 
the Company via special resolution at a General Meeting of 
the Company. 

Financial Instruments
The Group’s principal financial instruments comprise cash 
balances,  balances  with  related  parties,  trade  receivables 
and payables and other payables and receivables that arise 
in the normal course of business. The Group’s financial in-
struments risk management objectives and policies are set 
out in Note 14 to the Financial Statements.

Employees
The  Group  has  one  (1)  Executive  Director,  namely  Group 
Chief  Executive  Dr.  Hend  El  Sherbini,  as  identified  in  the 
Corporate Governance section. Her biographical informa-
tion  appears  on  page  50  of  this  Annual  Report,  and  her 
compensation is reported in the Remuneration Committee 
Report  on  page  63.  IDH  has  service  agreements  with  the 
Group Chief Executive and with the Group Chief Financial 
Officer,  Mr.  Omar  Bedewy,  who  is  not  a  Company  Direc-
tor.  Dr.  Hend  El  Sherbini  leads  the  Company’s  Executive 
Committee, which also includes all heads of departments 
and  meets  every  second  week  to  review  and  discuss  per-
formance,  priorities  and  upcoming  events  in  light  of  the 
Group’s  strategic  plan.  In  view  of  the  Company’s  regional 
growth plans, IDH is committed to building out its senior 
management team in preparation for a larger footprint. The 
Group and its subsidiaries had total of 4,739 (2016: 4,688) 
employees  as  of  31  December  2017  employed  in  Egypt, 
Jordan and Sudan.

Rules on the Appointment and Replacement of 
Directors
Rules on the appointment and replacement of Directors 
are set out in the Group’s Articles of Association, a copy 
of  which  may  be  requested  from  the  Group  Company 
Secretary.

Creditor payment policy
Individual  subsidiaries  of  the  Group  are  responsible  for 
agreeing  on  the  terms  and  conditions  under  which  busi-
ness transactions with their suppliers are conducted. It is 
the Group’s policy that payments to suppliers are made in 
accordance with all relevant terms and conditions. 

Agreements Related to Change of Control of the 
Group
No such agreements exist. 

Conflicts of interest
During the year, no Director held any beneficial interest in 
any contract significant to the Group’s business, other than 
a  contract  of  employment.  The  Company  has  procedures 
set out in the Articles of Association for managing conflicts 
of  interest.  Should  a  Director  become  aware  that  they,  or 
their connected parties, have an interest in an existing or 
proposed transaction with the Group, they are required to 
notify the Board as soon as reasonably practicable.

political Donations
The Group made no political donations in 2017 (2016: nil). 

post-Balance Sheet Events
In  a  transaction  that  closed  in  January  2018,  IDH  formed 
a joint venture with Man Capital LLC (“Man Capital”), the 
London-based  investment  arm  of  the  Mansour  Group, 
called  Dynasty  Holding  Group  (“Dynasty”),  which  is  51% 
owned  and  controlled  by  IDH.  In  turn,  Dynasty  has  part-
nered  with  the  International  Finance  Corporation  (“IFC”) 
to invest in Eagle Eye Echo-Scan Limited (“Echo-Scan”), a 
leading medical diagnostics business based in Nigeria. 

Going Concern
Having  made  enquiries,  the  Directors  have  a  reasonable 
expectation that the Group has adequate resources to meet 
its liabilities as they fall due for at least 12 months from the 
date of approval of these consolidated financial statements. 
Thus,  they  continue  to  adopt  the  going  concern  basis  in 

preparing the financial information. The Group’s business 
activities, together with the factors likely to affect its future 
development, performance and position, are set out in the 
Strategic Review on pages 02 to 45. The financial position 
of the Group, its cash flows, liquidity position and borrow-
ing facilities are described in the financial statements and 
notes thereon on pages 68 to 113.

Statement of Directors’ Responsibilities
The  Directors  are  responsible  for  preparing  the  annual 
report  and  the  financial  statements  in  accordance  with 
International  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted 
by  the  EU  (“IFRS  as  adopted  by  the  EU”),  interpretations 
from the International Financial Reporting Interpretations 
Committee  (“IFRIC”)  and  Companies  (Jersey)  Law  1991 
(as amended). Jersey Law requires the Directors to prepare 
financial  statements  for  each  financial  year,  which  give  a 
true and fair view of the state of affairs of the Group and of 
the assets, liabilities, financial position and profit or loss of 
the Group for that year. 

In  preparing  the  financial  statements,  the  Directors  are 
required to:

•	

select  suitable  accounting  policies  and  then  apply 
them consistently;

•	 make judgements and estimates that are reasonable, 

comparable, understandable and prudent;

•	 ensure  that  the  financial  statements  comply  with 

IFRS as adopted by the EU; and

•	 prepare  the  financial  statements  on  the  going  con-
cern basis, unless it is inappropriate to presume that 
the Group will continue in business. 

The  Directors  are  responsible  for  maintaining  proper  ac-
counting records that disclose with reasonable accuracy at 
any time the financial position of the parent company and 
to enable them to ensure that the financial statements com-
ply with Jersey Law. The Directors are also responsible for 
safeguarding the assets of the Group and hence for taking 
reasonable steps for the prevention and detection of fraud 
and other irregularities. The Directors are also responsible 
for the maintenance and integrity of the Group’s website on 
the  internet.  However,  information  is  accessible  in  many 
different countries where legislation governing the prepa-
ration and dissemination of financial statements may differ 
from that applicable in the United Kingdom and Jersey. 

Reporting  Standards,  including  International  Ac-
counting  Standards;  and  Interpretations  adopted  by 
the  International  Accounting  Standards  Board  give 
a true and fair view of the assets, liabilities, financial 
position  and  profit  or  loss  of  the  Company  and  the 
undertakings included in the consolidation taken as 
a whole; and

•	 The sections of this Report, including the Chairman’s 
Statement,  Strategic  Report,  Financial  Review  and 
Principal  Risks  and  Uncertainties,  which  constitute 
the  management  report,  include  a  fair  review  of  the 
development and performance of the business and the 
position of the issuer and the undertakings included 
in the consolidation taken as a whole, together with 
a description of the principal risks and uncertainties 
that they face.

Disclosure of Information to the Auditor
So  far  as  each  person  who  was  a  Director  at  the  date  of 
approving  this  report  is  aware,  there  is  no  relevant  audit 
information,  being  information  needed  by  the  auditor  in 
connection  with  preparing  its  report,  of  which  the  audi-
tor is unaware. Having made enquiries of fellow Directors 
and  the  Group’s  auditors,  each  Director  has  taken  all  the 
steps that he/she is obliged to take as a Director in order 
to  have  made  himself/herself  aware  of  any  relevant  audit 
information  and  to  establish  that  the  auditor  is  aware  of 
that information.

Annual General Meeting (AGM)
The  2018  AGM  will  be  held  at  the  Hilton  London  Tower 
Bridge on 14 May 2018 at 11:00 am BST, London, UK.

The Chairman of the Board and of each of the Board’s Com-
mittees as well as all company Directors will be in attend-
ance at the AGM to answer questions from shareholders. 
During the AGM, all of the Group’s Directors will retire and 
submit themselves for re-election. 

Auditor
KPMG LLP has expressed its willingness to continue in of-
fice as auditor and separate resolutions will be proposed at 
the forthcoming AGM concerning their reappointment and 
to authorise the Board to agree their remuneration.

By order of the Board

The Directors of the Group confirm that to the best of their 
knowledge that:

•	 The  consolidated  financial  statements  have  been 
prepared in accordance with International Financial 

Dr. Hend El Sherbini
Executive Director
20 March 2018

Financial
Statements

Independent Auditor’s Report to the members of Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc 
Consolidated Statement Of Financial Position  
Consolidated Income Statement 
Consolidated Statement Of Profit Or Loss And Other Comprehensive Income 
Consolidated Statement Of Cash Flows 
Consolidated Statement Of Changes In Equity 
Integrated Diagnostics Holdings Plc – “IDH” and its Subsidiaries 

70
74
75
76
77
78
79

70

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Financial Statements

Independent
Auditor’s Report  

to the members of Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc  

1.  Our opinion is unmodified

overview

Materiality:

EGP25m (2016:EGP20m)

group financial 
statements as a 
whole

4.5% (2016: 5%) of Profit before tax

Coverage

99% (2016:99%) of group profit 
before tax]

Risks of material misstatement

Recurring risks

Recoverabil-
ity of goodwill and 
indefinite life brand 
intangible assets 

◀▶

We  have  audited  the  financial  statements  of  Integrated 
Diagnostics  Holdings  plc  (“the  Company”)  for  the  year 
ended 31 December 2017 which comprise the Consolidated 
Income  Statement,  the  Consolidated  Statement  of  Other 
Comprehensive Income, the Consolidated Statement of Fi-
nancial Position, the Consolidated Statement of Changes in 
Equity, the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows and the 
related notes, including the accounting policies in note 2.  

In our opinion the financial statements:  

–  give a true and fair view, in accordance with Interna-
tional  Financial  Reporting  Standards  as  adopted  by 
the European Union, of the state of the Group’s affairs 
as at 31 December 2017 and of the Group’s profit for 
the year then ended; and

–  have been properly prepared in accordance with the 

Companies (Jersey) Law 1991.

Basis for opinion  

We  conducted  our  audit  in  accordance  with  Interna-
tional  Standards  on  Auditing  (UK)  (“ISAs  (UK)”)  and 
applicable law.  Our responsibilities are described below.  
We have fulfilled our ethical responsibilities under, and 
are independent of the Company in accordance with, UK 
ethical requirements including FRC Ethical Standard as 
applied to  listed entities.  We believe that the audit evi-
dence  we  have  obtained  is  a  sufficient  and  appropriate 
basis for our opinion. 

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

71

2.  Key audit matters: our assessment of risks of material misstatement

Key audit matters are those matters that, in our professional judgment, were of most significance in the audit of the 
financial statements and include the most significant assessed risks of material misstatement (whether or not due 
to fraud) identified by us, including those which had the greatest effect on: the overall audit strategy; the allocation 
of  resources  in  the  audit;  and  directing  the  efforts  of  the  engagement  team.  These  matters  were  addressed  in  the 
context of our audit of the financial statements as a whole, and in forming our opinion thereon, and we do not provide 
a separate opinion on these matters.  In arriving at our audit opinion above, the key audit matters were as follows 
[(unchanged from [2016)]:  

the risk

our response

Recoverability of goodwill and 
indefinite life brand intangible 
assets 

(EGP1,640million; 2016: 
EGP1,644million)

Refer to page 58 (Audit Committee 
Report), page 86 (accounting policy) 
and page 100 ( financial disclosures).

Forecast-based valuation
Each of the  CGU’s operate within 
a market subject to high degrees of 
competition, price inflation and cost 
rises which provide market challenges.
Recoverability of the goodwill and 
brand names intangible asset is subject 
to judgement in terms of the assump-
tions used and inherent uncertainty 
involved in forecasting the future cash 
flows that are used in the Group’s 
discounted cash flow models, in 
particular in respect of revenue growth 
(i.e. patient numbers and price) and 
discount rate. This is a key judgemental 
area that our audit is concentrated on.

Our procedures included: 
–  Historical comparison: assessing 
the reasonableness of the Group’s 
forecasting by comparing actual 
performance for the year against 
forecasts for the same period in the 
prior year model;

–  Benchmarking assumptions: evalu-
ating the Group‘s assumptions 
included within the discounted 
cash flow forecasts by comparing 
key inputs such as projected 
growth, cost inflation and discount 
rates to internally and externally 
derived data;

–  Sector expertise: We used our own 
valuation specialist to assist us in 
evaluating the assumptions and 
methodology used in calculating 
the discount rate;

–  Sensitivity analysis: performing 

sensitivity analysis on the assump-
tions noted above; and

–  Assessing transparency: assessing 
whether the group's disclosures 
about the sensitivity of the out-
come of the impairment assess-
ment to changes in key assump-
tions reflected the risks inherent in 
the valuation of goodwill.

72

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017 

Financial Statements

3.   our application of materiality 
and an overview of the scope  
of our audit 

Materiality  for  the  group  financial  statements  as  a 
whole  was  set  at  EGP25m  (2016:  EGP  20m),  deter-
mined with reference to a benchmark of group profit 
before tax, of which it represents 4.5% (2016: 5%). 

We agreed to report to the Audit Committee any cor-
rected  or  uncorrected  identified  misstatements  ex-
ceeding EGP1.2m (2016: EGP1m), in addition to other 
identified  misstatements  that  warranted  reporting 
on qualitative grounds.  

Of  the  group’s  11  (2016:  11)  reporting  components, 
we  subjected  6  (2016:  6)  to  full  scope  audits  for 
group reporting purposes and 3 (2016: 3) to specified 
risk-focused  audit  procedures.  The  latter  were  not 
individually financially significant enough to require 
an  full  scope  audit  for  group  reporting  purposes, 
but  did  present  specific  individual  risk  that  needed 
to be addressed. For the residual 2 components, we 
performed  analysis  at  an  aggregated  group  level  to 
re-examine our assessment that there were no signifi-
cant risks of material misstatement within these.

The  components  within  the  scope  of  our  work  ac-
counted for the percentages illustrated opposite. 

The Group team instructed the component auditors 
as  to  the  significant  areas  to  be  covered,  including 
the  relevant  risks  detailed  above  and  the  informa-
tion to be reported back. The Group team approved 
component  materialities  which  in  the  ranged  from 
EGP2.2m  to  EGP8m  (2016:  EGP0.9m  to  EGP  7.5m), 
having  regard  to  the  mix  of  size  and  risk  profile  of 
the Group across the components. The work on 7 of 
the 9 components (2016: 7 of the 9 components) was 
performed by component auditors and the rest was 
performed by the Group team. 

The Group team visited the 6 (2016: 6) components, 
all in the same location, in Egypt on multiple occa-
sions, including to assess the audit risk and strategy 
and to attend a clearance meeting. Telephone confer-
ence  meetings  were  also  held  with  this  component 
auditor  and  with  the  component  auditor  in  Jordan 
component that was not physically visited.. At these 
visits  and  meetings,  the  findings  reported  to  the 
Group team were discussed in more detail, and any 
further  work  required  by  the  Group  team  was  then 
performed by the component auditor.

IDH ANNUAl REPORT 2017  

73

4.   We have nothing to report on going 

7.  Respective responsibilities    

Group profit before taxEGP559m 
(2016: EGp397m)

Group Materiality  
EGp25m (2016: EGp20m)

concern   

EGp25m
Whole financialstatements 
materiality(2016: EGP20m)

EGp8m
Range of materiality at 6 
components EGP2.2m-EGP8m 
(2016: EGP0.9m to EGP7.5m)

■ Group PBT
■ Group materiality

EGp1.2m
Misstatements reported to 
the audit committee (2016: 
EGP1m)

Group revenue 

Group profit before tax

0.3

0

100%

(2016: 97%)

97.5

99.3

3.1

0

99%

(2016: 96%)

96.7

96.1

Group net assets 

0.6

0.1

100%

(2016: 100%)

98.8

99.1

■ Full scope for group audit purposes 2017
■ Specified risk-focused audit procedures 2017 
■ Full scope for group audit purposes 2016
■ Specified risk-focused audit procedures 2016
■ Residual components

We  are  required  to  report  to  you  if  we  have  concluded 
that the use of the going concern basis of accounting is 
inappropriate  or  there  is  an  undisclosed  material  un-
certainty that may cast significant doubt over the use of 
that basis for a period of at least twelve months from the 
date  of  approval  of  the  financial  statements.    We  have 
nothing to report in these respects.  

5.   We have nothing to report on the other 
information in the Annual Report     

The directors are responsible for the other information 
presented in the Annual Report together with the finan-
cial statements.  Our opinion on the financial statements 
does  not  cover  the  other  information  and,  accordingly, 
we do not express an audit opinion or any form of assur-
ance conclusion thereon.  

Our responsibility is to read the other information and, in 
doing  so,  consider  whether,  based  on  our  financial  state-
ments  audit  work,  the  information  therein  is  materially 
misstated or inconsistent with the financial statements or 
our audit knowledge.  Based solely on that work we have not 
identified material misstatements in the other information. 

6.   We have nothing to report on the other 
matters on which we are required to 
report by exception 

Under the Companies ( Jersey) Law 1991 we are required 
to report to you if, in our opinion:

•	 proper accounting records have not been kept by the 

Company, or

•	 proper returns adequate for our audit have not been 

•	

received from branches not visited by us; or
the  Company’s  accounts  are  not  in  agreement  with 
the accounting records and returns; or

•	 we have not received all the information and explana-

tions we require for our audit.

We have nothing to report in these respects. 

Directors’ responsibilities
As  explained  more  fully  in  their  statement  set  out  on  page 
67,  the  directors  are  responsible  for:  the  preparation  of  the 
financial statements  including being  satisfied that  they  give 
a true and fair view; such internal control as they determine 
is necessary to enable the preparation of financial statements 
that  are  free  from  material  misstatement,  whether  due  to 
fraud or error; assessing the Group’s ability to continue as a 
going concern, disclosing, as applicable, matters related to go-
ing concern; and using the going concern basis of accounting 
unless they either intend to liquidate the Group or to cease 
operations, or have no realistic alternative but to do so. 

Auditor’s responsibilities  
Our  objectives  are  to  obtain  reasonable  assurance  about 
whether  the  financial  statements  as  a  whole  are  free  from 
material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error, and to 
issue our opinion in an auditor’s report.  Reasonable assurance 
is a high level of assurance, but does not guarantee that an au-
dit conducted in accordance with ISAs (UK) will always detect 
a material misstatement when it exists.  Misstatements can 
arise from fraud or error and are considered material if, indi-
vidually or in aggregate, they could reasonably be expected to 
influence the economic decisions of users taken on the basis 
of the financial statements

A fuller description of our responsibilities is provided on the 
FRC’s website at www.frc.org.uk/auditorsresponsibilities. 

8.   the purpose of our audit work and to whom 

we owe our responsibilities 

This report is made solely to the Company’s members, as 
a body, in accordance with Article 113A of the Companies 
(Jersey) Law 1991. Our audit work has been undertaken so 
that we might state to the Company’s members those mat-
ters we are required to state to them in an auditor’s report 
and for no other purpose.  To the fullest extent permitted 
by law, we do not accept or assume responsibility to anyone 
other than the Company and the Company’s members, as a 
body, for our audit work, for this report, or for the opinions 
we have formed. 

David Neale (Senior Statutory Auditor)
for and on behalf of KPMG LLP, Statutory Auditor
Chartered Accountants 
15 Canada Square London
E14 5GL
20 March 2018

Shareholder

Hena Holdings Ltd.

Actis IDH B.V.

T. Rowe Price

FIAM LLC

HSBC Global Asset Mgmt (UK)

Number of voting rights

% of voting rights

38,245,589

31,500,000

 12,887,084

 7,670,533

7,340,589

25.50

21.00

 8.59

 5.11

4.89

74

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Financial Position 
As at 31 December 2017

Notes

2017

EGP’000

2016

EGP’000

Consolidated Income Statement
For the year ended 31 December 2017

Notes

Revenue
Cost of sales
Gross profit

Marketing  and advertising expenses
Administrative expenses
Other expenses
Operating profit

Finance costs
Finance income
Net finance cost
Profit before tax

Income tax expense
Profit for the year

Profit attributed to:
      Owners of the Company
      Non-controlling interests

Earnings per share (expressed in EGP)
Basic and Diluted

3

8

8.2

9

7

10

The accompanying notes on pages 79 - 113 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

Assets
Non-current assets
Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets and goodwill
Restricted cash
Deferred tax assets
Total non-current assets

Current assets
Inventories
Trade and other receivables
Restricted cash
Other investments
Cash and  cash equivalents 
Total current assets
Total assets
Equity
Share capital
Share premium reserve
Capital reserves
Legal reserve
Put option reserve
Translation reserve
Retained earnings
Equity attributable to  the owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests
Total equity

Non-current liabilities
Deferred tax liabilities
Other provisions
Loans and borrowings 
Long-term financial obligations
Total non-current liabilities
Current liabilities
Trade and other payables
Loans and borrowings 
Current tax liabilities
Total current liabilities
Total liabilities
Total equity and liabilities

11
12
18
9

15
16
18
19
17

20
20
20
20
20
20

7

9
22
24
25

23
24

473,786 
1,658,252 
-   
-   
2,132,038 

380,374 
1,654,362 
13,253 
18,307 
2,066,296 

69,935 
202,255 
13,226 
9,149 
685,211 
          979,776 
       3,111,814 

51,715 
148,375 
-   
95,575 
683,721 
               979,386 
            3,045,682 

1,072,500 
1,027,706 
 (314,310)
33,383 
 (93,256)
203,709 
315,856 
2,245,588 
68,502 
2,314,090 

158,712 
14,699 
38,425 
100,478 
312,314 

333,432 
14,575 
137,403 
485,410 
797,724 
3,111,814 

1,072,500 
1,027,706 
 (314,310)
30,251 
 (102,082)
207,720 
315,518 
2,237,303 
62,161 
2,299,464 

132,627 
12,202 
-   
119,638 
264,467 

345,776 
-   
135,975 
481,751 
746,218 
3,045,682 

The accompanying notes on pages 79 - 113 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

These consolidated financial statements were approved and authorised for issue by the Board of Directors and signed 
on their behalf on 20 March 2018 by:

Chief Executive Officer
Dr. Hend El Sherbini

Head of Audit Committee
James Nolan

IDH annual rePort 2017  

75

2017

EGP’000

1,514,257 
(784,701)
729,556 

(59,843)
(126,517)
(2,825)
540,371 

(33,005)
51,064 
18,059 
558,430 

(174,701)
383,729 

374,023 
9,706 
383,729 

2016

EGP’000

1,170,621 
(542,687)
627,934 

(53,187)
(105,390)
(3,165)
466,192 

(99,072)
21,418 
(77,654)
388,538 

(121,620)
266,918 

260,399 
6,519 
266,918 

2.49 

1.74 

76

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

Consolidated Statement of Profit or Loss and Other 
Comprehensive Income 
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Net profit

Other comprehensive income:
Items that may be subsequently reclassified to profit or loss:
Currency translation differences on foreign currency subsidiaries
Other comprehensive income for the year, net of tax
Total comprehensive income for the year

Attributable to:
Owners of the Company
Non-controlling interests

The accompanying notes on pages 79 - 113 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2017

EGP’000 

383,729 

(5,577)
(5,577)
378,152 

370,012 
8,140 
378,152 

2016

EGP’000

266,918 

228,130 
228,130 
495,048 

467,664 
27,384 
495,048 

Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
for the year ended 31 December 2017

Cash flows from operating activities
Profit for the period before tax
Adjustments for:
Depreciation
Amortization 
Impairment of Intangible assets
(Loss)/Gain on disposal of  Property, plant and equipment
Impairment in trade and other receivables
Reversal of impairment in trade and other receivables
Provisions made
Provisions reversed
Interest expense
Interest income
Loss/(gain) of foreign exchange
Net cash from operating activities before changes in 
working capital
Provision used
Change in inventory
Change in trade and other receivables
Change in trade and other payables
Cash generated from operating activities before income 
tax payment

Income tax paid during period
Net cash from operating activities

Cash flows from investing activities
Interest received
Acquisition of Property, plant and equipment
Proceeds from sale of property and equipment
Change in restricted Cash
Change in other investment
Net cash flows used in investing activities

Cash flows from financing activities
Proceeds from borrowings
Interest paid
Acquisition non-controlling interest
Dividends paid 
Financial lease
Net cash flows used in financing activities

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents
Cash and cash equivalent at the beginning of the period
Effect of exchange rate fluctuations on cash held
Cash and cash equivalent at the end of the period

Note

11
12

8
16
22
22
8.2
8.2
8.2

22

18
19

18

The accompanying notes on pages 79 - 113 form an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

IDH annual rePort 2017  

77

2017

EGP’000

2016

EGP’000

558,430 

388,538 

57,148 
4,774 
-   
77 
5,561 
 (1,461)
3,536 
 (1,000)
10,391 
 (51,064)
19,940 

606,332 

 (39)
 (18,220)
 (43,575)
 (29,652)

514,846 

40,224 
4,506 
1,849 
60 
4,298 
 (2,768)
2,224 
 (717)
9,271 
 (21,418)
88,877 

514,944 

 (267)
 (17,388)
 (30,436)
39,935 

506,788 

 (111,771)
403,075 

 (108,130)
398,658 

36,660 
 (157,349)
343 
27 
86,426 
 (33,893)

53,000 
 (10,096)
-   
 (376,744)
 (36,984)
(370,824)

 (1,642)
683,721 
3,132 
685,211 

19,753 
 (48,539)
90 
 (13,253)
 (95,575)
 (137,524)

-   
 (10,263)
 (10,450)
 (88,560)
 (8,928)
(118,201)

142,933 
387,716 
153,072 
683,721 

78

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

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IDH annual rePort 2017  

79

Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc – “IDH” and 
its subsidiaries

Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements for the year ended 31 December 2017

Corporate information

1. 
The consolidated financial statements of Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc and its subsidiaries (collectively, the Group) 
for the year ended 31 December 2017 were authorized for issue in accordance with a resolution of the directors on 20 
March 2018. Integrated Diagnostics Holdings plc “IDH” or “the company” has been established according to the provisions 
of the Companies (Jersey) law 1991 under No. 117257.

IDH’s purpose is not restricted and the Group has full authority to do any activity as long as it is not banned by the Compa-
nies law unless amended from time to time or depending on the Companies (Jersey) law.

The Group’s financial year starts on 1 January and ends on 31 December each year. The Group’s main activity is concen-
trated in the field of medical diagnostics.

Basis of preparation

2. 
Statement of compliance
The  consolidated  financial  statements  of  the  Group  have  been  prepared  in  accordance  with  International  Financial 
Reporting Standards (IFRS) as adopted by the European Union (adopted IFRS) issued by the International Accounting 
Standards Board (IASB) and the Jersey Law 1991 an amendment to which means separate company financial statements 
are not required. 

Basis of measurement
The consolidated financial statements have been prepared on a historical cost basis, except where adopted IFRS mandates 
that fair value accounting is required.

Functional and presentation currency
Each of the Group’s entities is using the currency of the primary economic environment in which the entity operates (‘the 
functional currency’). The Group’s consolidated financial statements are presented in Egyptian Pounds, being the report-
ing currency of the main Egyptian trading subsidiaries within the Group and the primary economic environment in which 
the Group operates. For each entity, the Group determines the functional currency and items included in the financial 
statements of each entity are measured using that functional currency. The Group uses the direct method of consolidation 
and on disposal of a foreign operation; the gain or loss that is reclassified to profit or loss reflects the amount that arises 
from using this method.

Going concern
These consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the going concern basis. At 31 December 2017, the Group 
had net assets amounting to EGP 2,314,090. The Group is profitable and cash generative and the Directors have considered 
the Group’s cash forecasts for a period of 12 months from the signing of the balance sheet. The Directors have a reasonable 
expectation that the Group has adequate resources to meet its liabilities as they fall due for at least 12 months from the 
date of approval of these condensed consolidated annual financial statements. Thus, they continue to adopt the going 
concern basis in preparing the financial information.

2.1 Basis of consolidation
The consolidated financial statements comprise the financial statements of the Group and its subsidiaries as at 31 Decem-
ber 2017. Control is achieved when the Group is exposed, or has rights, to variable returns from its involvement with the 
investee and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over the investee.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
80

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

i.  Subsidiaries 
Subsidiaries  are  entities  controlled  by  the  Group. The  Group  controls  an  entity  when  it  is  exposed  to,  or  has  rights  to, 
variable returns from its involvement with the entity and has the ability to affect those returns through its power over 
the entity. In assessing control, the Group takes into consideration potential voting rights that are currently exercisable. 
The acquisition date is the date on which control is transferred to the acquirer. The financial statements of subsidiaries 
are included in the consolidated financial statements from the date that control commences until the date that control 
ceases. Losses applicable to the non-controlling interests in a subsidiary are allocated to the non-controlling interests even 
if doing so causes the non-controlling interests to have a deficit balance.

ii.  Change in subsidiary ownership and loss of control
Changes in the Group’s interest in a subsidiary that do not result in a loss of control are accounted for as equity transac-
tions. Where the group loses control of a subsidiary, the assets and liabilities are derecognised along with any related NCI 
and other components of equity.  Any resulting gain or loss is recognised in profit or loss.  Any interest retained in the 
former subsidiary is measured at fair value when control is lost.

iii.  Transactions eliminated on consolidation
Intra-group balances and transactions, and any unrealised income and expenses arising from intra-group transactions, are 
eliminated. Unrealised gains arising from transactions with equity-accounted investees are eliminated against the invest-
ment to the extent of the Group’s interest in the investee. Unrealised losses are eliminated in the same way as unrealised 
gains, but only to the extent that there is no evidence of impairment.

2.2 Significant accounting policies
Except for the changes below, the accounting policies set out below have been consistently applied to all the years pre-
sented in these consolidated financial statements.

The Group has adopted the following new standard, including any inconsequential amendments to other standards, with 
a date of initial application of 1 January 2017.

•	 Annual Improvements to IFRSs – 2014-2016 Cycle
•	 Disclosure initiative – amendment to IAS 7
•	 Recognition of Deferred Tax Assets for Unrealised Losses – Amendments to IAS 12    

This new standard had a non-material impact on these consolidated financial statements.

a)  Business combinations and goodwill
Business  combinations  are  accounted  for  using  the  acquisition  method.  The  cost  of  an  acquisition  is  measured  as  the 
aggregate  of  the  consideration  transferred,  which  is  measured  at  acquisition  date  fair  value,  and  the  amount  of  any 
non-controlling interests in the acquiree. For each business combination, the Group elects whether to measure the non-
controlling interests in the acquiree at fair value or at the proportionate share of the acquiree’s identifiable net assets. 
Acquisition-related costs are expensed as incurred and included in administrative expenses.

When the Group acquires a business, it assesses the financial assets and liabilities assumed for appropriate classifica-
tion and designation in accordance with the contractual terms, economic circumstances and pertinent conditions as 
at the acquisition date.

This includes the separation of embedded derivatives in host contracts by the acquiree.

Any contingent consideration to be transferred by the acquirer will be recognised at fair value at the acquisition date. 

Contingent consideration classified as an asset or liability that is a financial instrument and within the scope of IAS 39 Finan-
cial Instruments: Recognition and Measurement, is measured at fair value with the changes in fair value recognised in the 
statement of profit or loss. And when it is classified as equity it should not be remeasured and accounted for within equity.

Goodwill is initially measured at cost (being the excess of the aggregate of the consideration transferred and the amount 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

81

recognised for non-controlling interests) and any previous interest held over the net identifiable assets acquired and 
liabilities assumed. 

If the fair value of the net assets acquired is in excess of the aggregate consideration transferred, the Group re-assesses 
whether it has correctly identified all of the assets acquired and all of the liabilities assumed and reviews the procedures 
used to measure the amounts to be recognised at the acquisition date. If the reassessment still results in an excess of the 
fair value of net assets acquired over the aggregate consideration transferred, then the gain is recognised in profit or loss.

After initial recognition, goodwill is measured at cost less any accumulated impairment losses.

For the purpose of impairment testing which it is done one an annual basis, goodwill acquired in a business combination 
is, from the acquisition date, allocated to each of the Group’s cash-generating units that are expected to benefit from the 
combination, irrespective of whether other assets or liabilities of the acquiree are assigned to those units.

Where goodwill has been allocated to a cash-generating unit (CGU) and part of the operation within that unit is disposed 
of, the goodwill associated with the disposed operation is included in the carrying amount of the operation when deter-
mining the gain or loss on disposal. Goodwill disposed in these circumstances is measured based on the relative values of 
the disposed operation and the portion of the cash-generating unit retained.

b)  Fair value measurement
The Group measures financial instruments such as non-derivative financial instruments, available-for-sale financial assets 
and contingent consideration assumed in a business combination, at fair value at each balance sheet date.

When measuring the fair value of an asset or a liability, the Group uses observable market data as far as possible. Fair value 
is categorised into different levels in a fair value hierarchy based on the inputs used in the valuation techniques as follows:

•	 Level 1 — Quoted (unadjusted) market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities
•	 Level 2 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is 

directly or indirectly observable

•	 Level 3 — Valuation techniques for which the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement is 

unobservable

For assets and liabilities that are recognised in the financial statements at fair value on a recurring basis, the Group deter-
mines whether transfers have occurred between levels in the hierarchy by re-assessing 
categorisation (based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement as a whole) at the end of 
each reporting period.

For the purpose of fair value disclosures, the Group has determined classes of assets and  liabilities on the basis of the 
nature, characteristics and risks of the asset or liability and the level of the fair value hierarchy, as explained above.

The fair value less any estimated credit adjustments for financial assets and liabilities with maturity dates less than one 
year is assumed to approximate their carrying value.   The fair value of financial liabilities for disclosure purposes is esti-
mated by discounting the future contracted cash flows at the current market interest rate that is available to the Group for 
similar transactions.

c)  Revenue recognition
Revenue represents the value of medical diagnostic services rendered in the year, and is stated net of discounts. The Group 
has two types of customers: Walk-in patients and patients served under contract. For patients under contract, rates are 
agreed in advance on a per-test, client-by-client basis.

For both types of customers, revenue is recognized on completion of the services rendered. Revenue is recognised to the 
extent that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the Group and the revenue can be reliably measured, 
regardless of when the payment is received.

82

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

Revenue is measured at the fair value of the consideration received or receivable, taking into account contractually defined 
terms of payment and excluding taxes or duty.

d)  Leases
i.  Determining whether an arrangement contains a lease
At inception of an arrangement, the Group determines whether the arrangement is or contains a lease.

At inception or on reassessment of an arrangement that contains a lease, the Group separates out payments and other con-
sideration required by the arrangement into those for the lease and those for other elements on the basis of their relative fair 
values. If the Group concludes for a finance lease that it is impractical to separate the payments reliably, then an asset and a 
liability are recognized at an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying asset; subsequently, the liability is reduced as 
payments are made and an imputed finance cost on the liability is recognised using the Group’s incremental borrowing rate.

ii.  Leased assets
Assets held by the Group under leases that transfer to the Group substantially all of the risks and rewards of ownership 
are classified as finance leases. The leased assets are measured initially at an amount equal to the lower of their fair value 
and the present value of the minimum lease payments. Subsequent to initial recognition, the assets are accounted for in 
accordance with the accounting policy applicable to that asset. Assets held under other leases are classified as operating 
leases and are not recognised in the Group’s statement of financial position.

iii.  Lease payments
Payments made under operating leases are recognised in profit or loss on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease. 
Lease incentives received are recognised as an integral part of the total lease expense, over the term of the lease. Minimum 
lease payments made under finance leases are apportioned between the finance expense and the reduction of the out-
standing liability. The finance expense is allocated to each period during the lease term so as to produce a constant periodic 
rate of interest on the remaining balance of the liability.

Income Taxes

e) 
Tax on the profit or loss for the year comprises current and deferred tax. Tax is recognised in the income statement except 
to the extent that it relates to items recognised directly in equity, in which case it is recognised in equity.

IDH annual rePort 2017  

83

f)  Foreign currency
Transactions  in  foreign  currencies  are  initially  recorded  by  the  Group’s  entities  at  their  respective  functional  currency 
spot rates at the date the transaction first qualifies for recognition. Monetary assets and liabilities denominated in foreign 
currencies are translated at the functional currency spot rates of exchange at the reporting date.

Differences arising on settlement or translation of monetary items are recognised in the income statement.

Non-monetary items that are measured in terms of historical cost in a foreign currency are translated using the exchange 
rates at the dates of the initial transactions. Non-monetary items measured at fair value in a foreign currency are translated 
using the exchange rates at the date when the fair value is determined.

On  consolidation,  the  assets  and  liabilities  of  foreign  operations  are  translated  into  Egyptian  Pounds  at  the  rate  of  ex-
change prevailing at the reporting date and their statements of profit or loss are translated at average rate (unless this 
average is not a reasonable approximation of the cumulative effect of the rates prevailing on the transaction dates, in which 
case income and expenses are translated at the rate on the dates of the transactions). The exchange differences arising on 
translation for consolidation are recognised in other comprehensive income and accumulated in the translation reserve or 
NCI as the case may be. On disposal of a foreign operation, the component of other comprehensive income relating to that 
particular foreign operation is recognised in profit or loss.

Any goodwill arising on the acquisition of a foreign operation and any fair value adjustments to the carrying amounts of 
assets and liabilities arising on the acquisition are treated as assets and liabilities of the foreign operation and translated at 
the spot rate of exchange at the reporting date.

g)  Property, plant and equipment
All property and equipment are stated at historical cost less accumulated depreciation.  Historical cost includes expendi-
ture that is directly attributable to the acquisition of the items.

Subsequent costs are included in the asset’s carrying amount or recognized as a separate asset, as appropriate, only when 
it is probable that future economic benefits associated with the item will flow to the group and the cost of the item can 
be measured reliably. The carrying amount of the replaced part is derecognised. All other repairs and maintenance are 
charged to the consolidated statement of income during the financial period in which they are incurred.

i.  Current tax
Current tax is the expected tax payable or receivable on the taxable income or loss for the year, using tax rates enacted or 
substantively enacted at the balance sheet date, and any adjustment to tax payable in respect of previous years.

Land is not depreciated.  

ii.  Deferred tax
Deferred tax is provided using the liability method on temporary differences between the tax bases of assets and liabilities 
and their carrying amounts for financial reporting purposes at the reporting date.

Deferred tax is recognized on temporary differences arising between the tax bases of assets and liabilities and their carry-
ing amounts in the consolidated financial statements. 

However, deferred tax liabilities are not recognized if they arise from the initial recognition of goodwill; deferred income 
tax is not accounted for if it arises from initial recognition of an asset or liability in a transaction other than a business 
combination and differences relating to investments in subsidiaries to the extent that they will probably not reverse in the 
foreseeable future.

Deferred tax assets are recognised for all deductible temporary differences, the carry forward of unused tax credits and any 
unused tax losses. Deferred tax assets are recognised to the extent that it is probable that taxable profit will be available 
against which the deductible temporary differences, and the carry forward of unused tax credits and unused tax losses can 
be utilised. Deferred tax is determined using tax rates (and laws) that have been enacted or substantively enacted by the 
reporting date and are expected to apply when the related deferred income tax asset is realized or the deferred income tax 
liability is settled.

Laboratory Equipment held to perform the ‘Hub spoke’ at the Mega Lab and provided under finance lease arrangements 
are  depreciated  under  a  unit  of  production  method  as  this  most  closely  reflects  the  consumption  of  benefits  from  the 
equipment.  

Depreciation on other assets is calculated using the straight-line method to allocate their cost or revalued amounts to their 
residual value over their estimated useful lives, as follows:

Buildings
Medical, electric and information systems equipment
Leasehold improvements
Fixtures, fittings & vehicles

50 years
4-10 years
4-5 years
4-16 years

The assets’ residual values and useful lives are reviewed, and adjusted if appropriate, at the end of each reporting period.

An asset’s carrying amount is written down immediately to its recoverable amount if the asset’s carrying amount is greater 
than its estimated recoverable amount. Gains and losses on disposals are determined by comparing the proceeds with the 
carrying amount and are recognized within ‘Other (losses)/gains – net’ in the consolidated statement of income.

84

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

h)  Intangible assets
Intangible assets acquired separately are measured on initial recognition at cost. The cost of intangible assets acquired 
in a business combination is their fair value at the date of acquisition. Following initial recognition, intangible assets are 
carried at cost less any accumulated amortisation and accumulated impairment losses. Internally generated intangibles, 
excluding capitalised development costs, are not capitalised and the related expenditure is reflected in profit or loss in the 
period in which the expenditure is incurred.

The useful lives of intangible assets are assessed as either finite or indefinite.

Intangible assets with finite lives are amortised over the useful economic life and assessed for impairment whenever there 
is an indication that the intangible asset may be impaired. The amortisation period and the amortisation method for an 
intangible asset with a finite useful life are reviewed at least at the end of each reporting period. Changes in the expected 
useful life or the expected pattern of consumption of future economic benefits embodied in the asset are considered to 
modify the amortisation period or method, as appropriate, and are treated as changes in accounting estimates. The amor-
tisation expense on intangible assets with finite lives is recognised in the statement of profit or loss in the expense category 
that is consistent with the function of the intangible assets. The Group amortises intangible assets with finite lives using 
the straight-line method over the following periods:

IT development and software

4-5 years

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortised, but are tested for impairment annually, either individually 
or at the cash-generating unit level. The assessment of indefinite life is reviewed annually to determine whether the indefi-
nite life continues to be supportable. If not, the change in useful life from indefinite to finite is made on a prospective basis.

Goodwill
Goodwill arises on the acquisition of subsidiaries and represents the excess of the consideration transferred over interest 
in net fair value of the net identifiable assets,liabilities and contingent liabilities of the acquiree and the fair value of the 
non-controlling interest in the acquiree.

Goodwill is stated at cost less any accumulated impairment losses. For the purpose of impairment testing, goodwill ac-
quired  in  a  business  combination  is  allocated  to  each  of  the  cash-generating  units  (CGUs),  or  groups  of  CGUs,  that  is 
expected to benefit from the synergies of the combination. Each unit or group of units to which the goodwill is allocated 
represents the lowest level within the entity at which the goodwill is monitored for internal management purposes. the 
impairment assessment is done one an annual basis.

Brand  
Brand  names  acquired  in  a  business  combination  are  recognized  at  fair  value  at  the  acquisition  date  and  have  an 
indefinite useful life. 

i.  Financial instruments – initial recognition and subsequent measurement
A financial instrument is any contract that gives rise to a financial asset of one entity and a financial liability or equity 
instrument of another entity.

i.  Financial assets
Initial recognition and measurement
Financial assets are classified, at initial recognition, as financial assets at fair value through profit or loss, loans and re-
ceivables, AFS financial assets, as appropriate. All financial assets are recognised initially at fair value plus, in the case of 
financial assets not recorded at fair value through profit or loss, transaction costs that are attributable to the acquisition 
of the financial asset. Purchases or sales of financial assets that require delivery of assets within a time frame established 
by regulation or convention in the market place (regular way trades) are recognised on the trade date, i.e., the date that the 
Group commits to purchase or sell the asset.

IDH annual rePort 2017  

85

Subsequent measurement
For purposes of subsequent measurement, financial assets are classified in three categories:

•	 Financial assets at fair value through profit or loss
•	 Loans and receivables
•	 Available for sale (“AFS”) financial assets

The Group did not hold financial assets classified as financial assets at fair value through the profit or loss or AFS financial 
assets at 31 December 2017 and 31 December 2016.

Loans and receivables
Loans and receivables are non-derivative financial assets with fixed or determinable payments that are not quoted in an 
active  market.  After  initial  measurement,  such  financial  assets  are  subsequently  measured  at  amortised  cost  using  the 
effective interest rate method (“EIR”), less impairment. Amortised cost is calculated by taking into account any discount or 
premium on acquisition and fees or costs that are an integral part of the EIR. The EIR amortisation is included in finance 
income in the statement of profit or loss. The losses arising from impairment are recognised in the statement of profit or 
loss in finance costs for loans and in cost of sales or other operating expenses for receivables.

Derecognition
A financial asset (or, where applicable, a part of a financial asset or part of a group of similar financial assets) is primarily 
derecognised (i.e. removed from the Group’s consolidated statement of financial position) when:

•	 The rights to receive cash flows from the asset have expired

Or

•	 The Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from the asset or has assumed an obligation to pay the 
received cash flows in full without material delay to a third party under a ‘pass-through’ arrangement; and either (a) 
the Group has transferred substantially all the risks 
and rewards of the asset, or (b) the Group has neither transferred nor retained substantially all the risks and rewards 
of the asset, but has transferred control of the asset.

When the Group has transferred its rights to receive cash flows from an asset or has entered into a pass- through arrange-
ment, it evaluates if, and to what extent, it has retained the risks and rewards of ownership. When it has neither transferred 
nor retained substantially all of the risks and rewards of the asset, nor transferred control of the asset, the Group continues 
to recognise the transferred asset to the extent of its continuing involvement. In that case, the Group also recognises an 
associated liability. The transferred asset and the associated liability are measured on a basis that reflects the rights and 
obligations that the Group has retained.

Continuing involvement that takes the form of a guarantee over the transferred asset is measured at the lower of the origi-
nal carrying amount of the asset and the maximum amount of consideration that the Group could be required to repay.

Impairment of financial assets
Further disclosures relating to impairment of financial assets are also provided in the following notes:

•	 Disclosures for significant estimates and assumptions 
•	 Financial assets 
•	 Trade receivables 

Note 2.3
Note 14
Note 16

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is objective evidence that a financial asset or a group of financial 
assets is impaired. An impairment exists if one or more events that has occurred since the initial recognition of the asset 
(an incurred ‘loss event’), has an impact on the estimated future cash flows of the financial asset or the group of financial 
assets that can be reliably estimated. Evidence of impairment may include indications that the debtors or a group of debt-
ors is experiencing significant financial difficulty, default or delinquency in interest or principal payments, the probability 
that they will enter bankruptcy or other financial reorganisation and observable data indicating that there is a measurable 
decrease in the estimated future cash flows, such as changes in arrears or economic conditions that correlate with defaults.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
86

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

ii.  Financial liabilities
Initial recognition and measurement
All financial liabilities are recognised initially at fair value and, in the case of loans and borrowings and payables, net of 
directly attributable transaction costs.

All of the Group’s financial liabilities are classified as financial liabilities carried at amortised cost using the effective interest 
method.  The Group does not use derivative financial instruments or hedge account for any transactions. Unless otherwise 
indicated, the carrying amounts of the Group’s financial liabilities are a reasonable approximation of their fair values.

The  Group’s  financial  liabilities  include  trade  and  other  payables,  finance  lease  liabilities  and  loans  and  borrowings 
including bank overdrafts.

Derecognition
A financial liability is derecognised when the obligation under the liability is discharged or cancelled or expires. When 
an existing financial liability is replaced by another from the same lender on substantially different terms, or the terms 
of an existing liability are substantially modified, such an exchange or modification is treated as the derecognition of the 
original liability and the recognition of a new liability. The difference in the respective carrying amounts is recognised in 
the statement of profit or loss.

iii.	 Offsetting	of	financial	instruments
Financial assets and financial liabilities are offset and the net amount is reported in the consolidated statement of financial 
position if there is a currently enforceable legal right to offset the recognised amounts and there is an intention to settle on 
a net basis, to realise the assets and settle the liabilities simultaneously.

Impairment	of	non-financial	assets

j)	
Further disclosures relating to impairment of non-financial assets are also provided in the following notes:

•	 Disclosures for significant assumptions and estimates 
•	 Goodwill and intangible assets with indefinite lives 

Note 2.3
Note 13

The Group assesses, at each reporting date, whether there is an indication that an asset may be impaired. If any indication 
exists, or when annual impairment testing for an asset is required, the Group estimates the asset’s recoverable amount. 
An asset’s recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s or CGU’s fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The 
recoverable amount is determined for an individual asset, unless the asset does not generate cash inflows that are largely 
independent of those from other assets or groups of assets. When the carrying amount of an asset or CGU exceeds its 
recoverable amount, the asset is considered impaired and is written down to its recoverable amount.

In assessing value in use, the estimated future cash flows are discounted to their present value using a pre-tax discount rate 
that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the asset. In determining fair 
value less costs of disposal, recent market transactions are taken into account. If no such transactions can be identified, an 
appropriate valuation model is used. These calculations are corroborated by valuation multiples, quoted share prices for 
publicly traded companies or other available fair value indicators.

The Group bases its impairment calculation on detailed budgets and forecast calculations, which are prepared separately for 
each of the Group’s CGUs to which the individual assets are allocated. These budgets and forecast calculations generally cover 
a period of five years. A long-term growth rate is calculated and applied to project future cash flows after the fifth year.

Impairment losses of continuing operations are recognised in the statement of profit or loss in expense categories consistent with 
the function of the impaired asset, except for properties previously revalued with the revaluation taken to other comprehensive 
income (“OCI”). For such properties, the impairment is recognised in OCI up to the amount of any previous revaluation.

For assets excluding goodwill, an assessment is made at each reporting date to determine whether there is an indication 
that previously recognised impairment losses no longer exist or have decreased. 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

87

If such indication exists, the Group estimates the asset’s or CGU’s recoverable amount. A previously recognised impair-
ment loss is reversed only if there has been a change in the assumptions used to determine the asset’s recoverable amount 
since the last impairment loss was recognised. The reversal is limited so that the carrying amount of the asset does not 
exceed its recoverable amount, nor exceed the carrying amount that would have been determined, net of depreciation, had 
no impairment loss been recognised for the asset in prior years. Such reversal is recognised in the statement of profit or loss 
unless the asset is carried at a revalued amount, in which case, the reversal is treated as a revaluation increase.

Goodwill is tested for impairment annually as at 31 October and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value 
may be impaired.

Impairment is determined for goodwill by assessing the recoverable amount of each CGU (or group of CGUs) to which 
the goodwill relates. When the recoverable amount of the CGU is less than its carrying amount, an impairment loss is 
recognised. Impairment losses relating to goodwill cannot be reversed in future periods.

Intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are tested for impairment annually as at 31 October at the CGU level, as ap-
propriate, and when circumstances indicate that the carrying value may be impaired. Assets that are subject to amortisation 
are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount may not be 
recoverable. An impairment loss is recognized for the amount by which the asset’s carrying amount exceeds its recoverable 
amount. The recoverable amount is the higher of an asset’s fair value less costs of disposal and value in use. For the purposes 
of assessing impairment, assets are grouped at the lowest levels for which there are largely independent cash inflows (CGU). 
Prior impairments of non-financial assets (other than goodwill) are reviewed for possible reversal at each reporting date.

k)  Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Cost is determined using the weighted average method. Net 
realizable value is the estimated selling price in the ordinary course of business, less estimated selling and distribution expenses.

l)  Cash and short-term deposits
Cash and short-term deposits in the statement of financial position comprise cash at banks and on hand and short-term 
deposits with a maturity of three months or less, which are subject to an insignificant risk of changes in value.

For the purpose of the consolidated statement of cash flows, cash and cash equivalents consist of cash and short-term deposits, 
as defined above, net of outstanding bank overdrafts as they are considered an integral part of the Group’s cash management. 

m)  Provisions
Provisions are recognised when the Group has a present obligation (legal or constructive) as a result of a past event, it is prob-
able that an outflow of resources embodying economic benefits will be required to settle the obligation and a reliable estimate 
can be made of the amount of the obligation. When the Group expects some or all of a provision to be reimbursed, for exam-
ple, under an insurance contract, the reimbursement is recognised as a separate asset, but only when the reimbursement is 
virtually certain. The expense relating to a provision is presented in the statement of profit or loss net of any reimbursement.

If the effect of the time value of money is material, provisions are discounted using a current pre-tax rate that reflects, when 
appropriate, the risks specific to the liability. When discounting is used, the increase in the provision due to the passage of 
time is recognised as a finance cost.

Provisions are measured at the present value of the expenditures expected to be required to settle the obligation using a 
pre-tax rate that reflects current market assessments of the time value of money and the risks specific to the obligation. The 
increase in the provision due to passage of time is recognised as a finance cost.

n)	 Pensions	and	other	post-employment	benefits
A defined contribution plan is a pension plan under which the Group pays fixed contributions into a separate entity. The 
Group has no legal or constructive obligations to pay further contributions if the fund does not hold sufficient assets to 
pay all employees the benefits relating to employee service in the current and prior periods. Obligations for contributions 
to defined contribution pension plans are recognized as an expense in the income statement in the periods during which 
services are rendered by employees.

 
 
 
 
88

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

o)  Segment reporting
Operating  segments  are  reported  in  a  manner  consistent  with  the  internal  reporting  provided  to  the  chief  operating 
decision-maker. The chief operating decision-maker who is responsible for allocating resources and assessing performance 
of the operating segments, has been identified as the steering committee that makes strategic decisions.

2.3 Significant accounting judgments, estimates and assumptions
New and amended standards and interpretations not yet adopted
The Group has not early adopted any other standard, interpretation or amendments that have been issued but not yet 
effective for the year ended 31 December 2017. 

None of these are expected to have a material effect on these consolidated financial statements of the Group, except for the 
following which could change the classification and measurements of financial assets.

•	
•	

IFRS 9 “Financial instruments” (expected effective date of January 2018).
IFRS  16  ‘Leases’  (effective  date  of  January  2019)  introduces  an  on  balance  sheet  accounting  model  for  operating 
leases. The Group has significant operating lease commitments through the lease of branches and is anticipated to 
have a material effect when these arrangements are required to be brought on balance sheet.

Estimated impact of the adoption of IFRS 9 and IFRS 15 
IFrS 15
The Group is required to adopt IFRS 15 Revenue From Contracts With Customers From 1 January 2018.

IFRS 15 ‘Revenue from Contracts with Customers’ sets out the principles for the measurement and recognition of revenue 
and will replace IAS 18. The standard provides a five step model to determine when an entity should recognise revenue 
and at what amount, by allocation of the transaction price to separate performance obligations. The Group has two types 
of customer: walk-in patients and patients served under contract. For patients served under contract, rates are agreed 
in advance on a per-test, client-by-client basis. For both types of customer, revenue is recognized on completion of the 
services rendered.

The Group’s services are provided a point in time rather than over a period of time and there are stand alone sales prices 
per test stipulated in the contracts that exist with selected customers.

The Group considers the current basis of revenue recognition to remain appropriate as the only performance obligation, being 
completion of a test, reflects the current policy. Therefore the Group considers that the initial application IFRS 15 will have no 
impact on its consolidated financial statements based on the assessment undertaken to date, however the Group may enter 
into contracts in the near future that would be accounted for differently under IFRS 15 than the existing standards.

IFrS9
The Group is required to adopt IFRS 9 Financial Instruments from 1 January 2018.

IFRS 9 ‘Financial Instruments’ sets out the requirements for recognizing, classifying and measuring financial assets and 
financial liabilities and includes guidance in respect of general hedge accounting. This standard replaces IAS 39 and sets 
out two key criteria for determining the classification and measurement of financial assets including the entity’s business 
model for managing financial assets and the contractual cash flow characteristics. IFRS 9 also sets out a single impairment 
model to ensure expected credit losses on financial instruments are always recognized as soon as they are forecast. In 
relation to hedge accounting, IFRS 9 adopts a principles-based approach for testing hedge effectiveness instead of setting 
specific numerical thresholds.

The Group has made an initial assessment of the impact that the initial application of IFRS 9 will have on its consolidated 
Financial statement by considering the level of loss experienced from customers across the portfolio at a macro level. The 
financial impact of this assessment is an adjustment (net of tax) to the opening balance of the Group’s equity at 1 January 
2018 of EGP 2.5 m due to the recognition of an impairment charge for the expected credit loss of trade receivables. The 
final impact of adopting the standard at 1 January 2018 may change because the Group is in the process of undertaking an 
extensive exercise to assess the credit loss on a customer basis, which has not been finalised. 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

89

Additionally, the testing and assessment of controls over new IT systems has not been complete. It is not expected that the 
impact of the final assessment will be materially different.

The total estimated adjustment (net of tax) to the opening balance of the Group’s equity at 1 January 2018 is EGP 2.5 m due 
to the recognition of an impairment charge for the expected credit loss of trade receivables.

The preparation of the Group’s consolidated financial statements in conformity with adopted IFRSs requires management 
to  make  judgments,  estimates  and  assumptions  that  affect  the  reported  amounts  of  revenues,  expenses,  assets  and  li-
abilities. Uncertainty about these assumptions and estimates could result in outcomes that require a material adjustment 
to the carrying amount of assets or liabilities affected in future periods.

Other disclosures relating to the Group’s exposure to risks and uncertainties includes:

•	 Capital management 
•	 Financial instruments risk management and policies 
•	 Sensitivity analyses disclosures 

Note 4
Note 14
Notes 14

Judgments
In preparing these consolidated financial statements, management have made a material judgment, that affect the ap-
plication of the Group’s lease accounting policy and the reported amounts of assets, liabilities, and expenses. Information 
about judgment, estimate and assumptions relating to finance leases are set out in note 26.

Estimates and assumptions
The key assumptions concerning the future and other key sources of estimation uncertainty at the reporting date, that 
have a significant risk of causing a material adjustment to the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities within the next 
financial year, are described below. The Group based its assumptions and estimates on parameters available when the 
consolidated financial statements were prepared. Existing circumstances and assumptions about future developments, 
however,  may  change  due  to  market  changes  or  circumstances  arising  that  are  beyond  the  control  of  the  Group.  Such 
changes are reflected in the assumptions when they occur.

Impairment of intangible assets
The Group tests annually whether goodwill and other intangibles with indefinite lives have suffered any impairment. Im-
pairment exists when the carrying value of an asset or cash generating unit exceeds its recoverable amount, which is the 
higher of its fair value less costs of disposal and its value in use. The recoverable amounts of cash generating units have 
been determined based on value in use. The value in use calculation is based on a discounted cash flow (“DCF”) model. The 
cash flows are derived from the budget for the next five years and do not include restructuring activities that the Group is 
not yet committed to or significant future investments that will enhance the asset’s performance of the CGU being tested. 
The recoverable amount is sensitive to the discount rate used for the DCF model as well as the expected future cash-inflows 
and the growth rate used for extrapolation purposes.

Impairment of trade and notes receivables
The requirement for impairment of trade receivables is made through monitoring the debts aging and reviewing customer’s 
credit position and their ability to make payment as they fall due. An impairment is recorded against receivables for the 
irrecoverable amount estimated by management. At the year end, the provision for impairment of trade receivables was 
EGP 21,784K (31 December 2016: EGP 19,154k).

Segment information

3. 
The Group is viewed as a single operating segment, as the Group’s Chief Operating Decision Maker (CODM) reviews the 
internal management reports and KPIs of the Group as whole and not at a further aggregated level. 

The Group operates in three geographic areas, Egypt, Sudan and Jordan. Each area offers similar services and the KPIs of 
each are viewed to be the same and they are not viewed as individual operating segments. The revenue split between the 
three regions is set out below.

 
 
 
 
 
  
 
 
90

IDH annual rePort 2017 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

91

Financial Statements

For the year ended

31 December 2017
31 December 2016

Egypt region
EGP’000

1,250,584
1,024,378

Revenue by geographic location

Sudan region
EGP’000

Jordan region
EGP’000

45,687
34,103

The operating segment profit measure reported to the CODM is EBITDA, as follows:

Profit from operations

Property, plant and equipment depreciation
Amortization of Intangible assets
EBITDA

217,986
112,140

2017
EGP’000

540,371

57,148
4,774
602,293

Total
EGP’000

1,514,257
1,170,621

2016
EGP’000

466,192

40,224
4,506
510,922

The operating segment assets and liabilities measure reported to the CODM is in accordance with IFRS as shown in the 
Group’s Consolidated Statement of Financial Position.

Capital management

4 
The Group’s objectives when managing capital are to safeguard the Group’s ability to continue as a going concern in order 
to provide returns for shareholders and benefits for other stakeholders and to maintain an optimal capital structure to 
reduce the cost of capital. 

5. 

Group information

Information about subsidiaries
The consolidated financial statements of the Group include:

Principal activities

Country of 
Incorporation

% equity interest

Al Borg Laboratory Company (“Al-Borg”)
Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical 
Labs (“Al Mokhtabar”)
Molecular Diagnostic Center*
Medical Genetic Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
Golden Care for Medical Services
Integrated Medical Analysis Company 
(S.A.E)
SAMA Medical Laboratories Co.  (“Ul-
tralab medical laboratory “)
AL-Mokhtabar Sudanese Egyptian Co.

Medical diagnostics service

Medical diagnostics service

Medical diagnostics service
Medical diagnostics service

Medical diagnostics service

Holding company of SAMA

Medical diagnostics service

Egypt

Egypt

Egypt
Egypt

Jordan

Egypt

Egypt

Medical diagnostics service

Sudan

Medical diagnostics service

Integrated Diagnostics Holdings Limited

Intermediary holding company

Dynasty Group Holdings Limited

Intermediary holding company

Sudan
Caymans 
Island
Caymans 
Island

2017
99.3%

99.9%

99.9%
55.0%

60.0%

2016
99.3%

99.9%

99.9%
55.0%

60.0%

100.0%

100.0%

99.6%

99.6%

80.0%

65.0%

80.0%

65.0%

100.0%

100.0%

51%.0

51.0%

In order to maintain or adjust the capital structure, the group may adjust the amount of dividends paid to shareholders, 
return capital to shareholders, issue new shares or sell assets to reduce debt. 

* “Molecular Diagnostic Center” is no longer treated as a subsidiary with effect from 5 May 2016 following the start of liquidation proceedings as control 

has been passed to the liquidator [ Abd EL Wahab Kamal] under Egyptian Law.

The repatriation of a declared dividend from Egyptian group entities are subject to regulation by Egyptian authorities. The 
outcome of an Ordinary General Meeting of Shareholders declaring a dividend is first certified by the General Authority for 
Investment and Free Zones (GAFI). 

Approval is subsequently transmitted to Misr for Central Clearing, Depository and Registry (MCDR) to distribute dividends to 
all shareholders, regardless of their domicile, following notification of shareholders via publication in one national newspapers.

The Group monitors capital on the basis of the net debt to equity ratio. This ratio is calculated as net debt divided by total 
equity. Net debt is calculated as total liabilities (being total current liabilities plus long-term financial obligations) less cash 
and cash equivalents. 

Full details of the Group historical acquisitions can be found in the prospectus for the initial public offering by the Company dated 6 May 2015 and 

available at www.idhcorp.com.

6. 

Business combinations and acquisition of non-controlling interests

No change in business combinations and acquisition of non-controlling interests during the year.

7. 

Non-Controlling interest

As a provider of medical diagnostic services, IDH’s operations in Sudan are not subject to sanctions. 

Financial information of subsidiaries that have material non-controlling interests is provided below:

Total liabilities
Less: cash and short-term deposits (Note 17)
Net (cash)/debt
Total Equity
Net debt to equity ratio

2017
EGP’000
624,313
(685,211)
(60,898)
2,314,090
-2.6%

2016
EGP’000
601,389
(683,721)
(82,332)
2,299,464
-3.6%

Proportion of equity interest held by non-controlling interests:

Medical Genetic Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan)
SAMA Medical Laboratories Co.  “ Ultra lab medical laboratory “
Al Borg Laboratory Company

Country of 
incorporation

Egypt
Jordan
Sudan
Egypt

2017

45.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.7%

2016

45.0%
40.0%
20.0%
0.7%

No changes were made in the objectives, policies or processes for managing capital during the years ended 31 December 
2017 and 2016.

 
92

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

The  summarised  financial  information  of  these  subsidiaries  is  provided  below.  This  information  is  based  on  amounts 
before inter-company eliminations.

Medical 
Genetic 
CenterEGP’000

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom 
of Jordan)
EGP’000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.	 “Ultralab	
medical 
laboratory 
“EGP’000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
 subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra- 
Groupelimina-
tions EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

218,077 
22,253 

(4,082)

-   

11,454 
1,311 

Summarised statement of profit or loss for 2017:
Revenue
Profit
Other comprehensive 
income
Total comprehensive 
income
Profit allocated to 
non-controlling 
interest
Other comprehensive 
income allocated 
to non-controlling 
interest

590 

-   

-   

(4,082)

(1,633)

8,901 

36,959 
1,948 

(2,341)

(2,341)

589,275 
194,660 

323,786 
61,224 

-   

-   

1,528 

1,528 

-    1,179,551 
281,396 
-   

-   

-   

(4,895)

(4,895)

390 

1,378 

(1,200)

(353)

9,706 

(468)

-   

535 

-   

(1,566)

Summarised statement of financial position as at 31 December 2017:
962 
Non-current assets
6,844 
Current assets
42 
Non-current liabilities
4,154 
Current liabilities
Net assets
12,002 
Net assets attributable 
to non-controlling 
interest

106,439 
50,562 
-   
60,639 
217,640 

2,454 
18,448 
-   
12,004 
32,906 

87,056 

5,403 

6,581 

145,751 
430,089 
6,118 
132,693 
714,651 

118,934 
159,687 
85,427 
110,905 
474,953 

374,540 
-   
665,630 
-   
91,587 
-   
-   
320,395 
-    1,452,152 

5,058 

(1,981)

(33,616)

68,502 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

93

Medical 
Genetic 
CenterEGP’000

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom 
of Jordan)
EGP’000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.	 “Ultralab	
medical 
laboratory 
“EGP’000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
 subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra- 
Groupelimina-
tions EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

(319)

(856)

1,456 

437 
(756)
-   

40,715 
(28,326)
(10,933)

Summarised cash flow information for year ended 31 December 2017:
625 
Operating
84 
Investing
Financing
 (1,565)
Net increase/
(decrease) in cash and 
cash equivalents
Summarised statement of profit or loss for 2016:
Revenue
Profit
Other comprehensive 
income
Total comprehensive 
income
Profit allocated to 
non-controlling 
interest
Other comprehensive 
income allocated 
to non-controlling 
interest

112,266 
13,850 

11,881 
1,818 

27,160 
1,360 

21,172 

52,930 

(1,115)

3,016 

5,540 

(446)

818 

272 

850

-   

-   

-   

155,451 
45,017 
(69,410)

131,058 

482,002 
199,827 

-   

-   

41,979 
(2,199)
(46,577)

(6,797)

207,452 
(57,725)

393 

(297) 

-   
-   
-   

-   

-   
-   

-   

-   

239,207 
13,820 
(128,485)

124,542 

840,761 
159,130 

52,208 

3,569 

1,414 

(916)

(610)

6,519 

-   

139 

-   

20,865 

Medical 
Genetic 
CenterEGP’000

Al 
Makhbariyoun 
Al Arab Group 
(Hashemite 
Kingdom 
of Jordan)
EGP’000

SAMA Medical 
Laboratories 
Co.	 “Ultralab	
medical 
laboratory 
“EGP’000

Alborg 
Laboratory 
Company
EGP’000

Other 
individually 
immaterial 
 subsidiaries
EGP’000

Intra- 
Groupelimina-
tions EGP’000

Total 
EGP’000

Summarised statement of financial position as at 31 December 2016:
885 
Non-current assets
7,761 
Current assets
Non-current liabilities
9 
4,518 
Current liabilities
6,121 
Net assets

92,168 
47,090 
773 
42,014 
40,845 

3,363 
20,548 
-   
14,657 
9,009 

136,938 
311,085 
-   
120,345 
194,900 

136,316 
306,983 
99,339 
324,452 
122,583 

-   
-   
-   
-   
-   

369,670 
693,467 
100,121 
505,986 
373,458 

Net assets attributable 
to non-controlling 
interest

Operating
Investing
Financing
Net increase/(de-
crease) in cash and 
cash equivalents

5,930 

72,818 

7,714 

4,023 

(1,327)

(26,997)

62,161 

2,687 
 (37)
 (3,163)

18,034 
(11,955)
(6,848)

1,508 
(410)
-   

189,193 
(55,929)
(52,256)

73,254 
(8,326)
(8,928)

(513)

(769)

1,098 

81,008 

56,000 

-   
-   
-   

-   

284,676 
(76,657)
(71,195)

136,824 

     
94

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

8. 

Expenses and other income

Included in profit and loss are the following:

Impairment on trade and other receivables
Impairment of goodwill
Charge for increase in provisions 
Operating lease payments (buildings)
Professional and advisory fees
Amortisation
Depreciation
Total

2017
EGP’000
5,561 
-   
3,536 
51,478 
22,945 
4,774 
57,148 
145,442 

2016
EGP’000
4,298
1,849
2,224
32,234
24,907
4,506
40,224
110,242

8.1 Auditor’s remuneration
The group paid or accrued the following amounts to its auditor and its associates in respect of the audit of the financial 
statements and for other services provided to the group

Fees payable to the Company’s auditor for the audit of the Group’s annual 
financial statements
The audit of the Company’s subsidiaries pursuant to legislation
Tax compliance and advisory services

8.2 Net finance costs

Finance charges payable under finance leases
Net foreign exchange loss
Bank Charges
Total finance costs

Interest income
Total finance income
Net finance (cost)/ income

2017

EGP’000

5,459

1,593
608
7,660

2017

EGP’000
(10,391)
(19,940)
(2,674)
(33,005)

2017

EGP’000
51,064
51,064
18,059

2016

EGP’000

2,411

1,136
571
4,118

2016

EGP’000
(9,271)
(88,877)
(924)
(99,072)

2016

EGP’000
21,418
21,418
(77,654)

IDH annual rePort 2017  

95

8.3 Employee numbers and costs
The average number of persons employed by the Group (including directors) during the year and the aggregate payroll 
costs of these persons, analysed by category, were as follows:

2017

2016

Average number of employees

Medical Administration
443

4,226

Total 
4,669

Medical Administration
381

4,307 

Total 
4,688 

Wages and salaries
Social security costs
Contributions to defined 
contribution plan 
Total

2017 EGP’000

2016 EGP’000

Medical Administration
73,604 
219,493 
4,091 
15,537 

Total 
293,097 
19,628 

Medical Administration
59276
179,626 
2678
12,086 

3,168 

479 

3,647 

3,131 

511

Total 
238,902 
14,764 

3,642 

238,198 

78,174 

316,372 

194,843 

62,465 

257,308 

Details of Directors’ and Key Management remuneration and share incentives are disclosed in the Remuneration Report 
and note 27.

9. 

Income tax

a)  Amounts recognised in profit or loss

Current tax:
Current year
Deferred tax:
Effect of reduction in tax rate to 22.5%
Deferred tax arising on undistributed reserves in subsidiaries
Relating to origination and reversal of temporary differences
Total Deferred tax income / (expense)

2017

EGP’000

2016

EGP’000

(117,844)

(135,727)

(19,808)
(37,049)
 (56,857)

(18,876)
32,983 
14,107

Tax expense recognised in profit or loss

(174,701)

 (121,620)

96

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

b)  Reconciliation of effective tax rate
The Company is treated as a tax resident of Jersey for the purpose of Jersey tax laws and is subject to a tax rate of 0%. And 
the Company tax domicile in the UK. As a holding company for the IDH group, the Board concluded that the UK represents 
the most effective and efficient jurisdiction from which to manage the Company. The current income tax charge for the 
Group represents tax charges on profits arising in Egypt, Jordan and Sudan.  The significant profits arising within the Group 
subject to corporate income tax are generated from the Egyptian operations and subject to 22.5% (2016: 22.5%) tax rate. 
The reconciliation of effective income tax rate has been performed using this rate.

Profit before tax
Profit before tax multiplied by rate of corporation tax in Egypt of 22.5% (2016: 22.5%)
Effect of tax rate in Jersey of 0% (2016: 0%)
Effect of tax rates in Jordan and Sudan of 20% and 15% respectively (2016: 20% and 15%)
Tax effect of:
Change in unrecognized deferred tax assets
Deferred tax arising on undistributed reserves
Reduction in tax rate on deferred tax balances
Non-deductible expenses for tax purposes - employee profit share
Non-deductible expenses for tax purposes - other 
Tax expense recognised in profit or loss

2017

EGP’000

558,430
125,647
9,558
(609)

703
19,808
10,240

9,354
174,701

Deferred tax
Deferred tax relates to the following:

Property, plant and equipment
Intangible assets
Undistributed reserves from group 
subsidiaries*
Provisions and finance lease liabilities
Deferred tax assets (liabilities) 
before set-off
Set-off of tax
Net deferred tax assets (liabilities)

2017

2016

Assets

EGP’000
-
-

-

2,630

2,630

-
-

Liabilities

EGP’000
(17,159)
(106,651)

(37,532)

(161,342)

-
(158,712) 

Assets

EGP’000
-
-

-

27,044

27,044

(8,737)
18,307

2016

EGP’000

388,538
87,421
(2,210)
(452)

303
18,876
8,940

8,742
121,620

Liabilities

EGP’000
(9,528)
(101,661)

(30,175)

-

(141,364)

8,737
(132,627)

All movements in the deferred tax asset/liability in the year have been recognised in the profit or loss account.
Deferred tax liabilities and assets have been calculated based on the enacted tax rate at 31 December 2017 for the country 
the liabilities and assets has arisen. The enacted tax rate in Egypt is 22.5% (2016: 22.5%), Jordan 20% (2016: 20%) and Sudan 
15% (2016: 15%).

* Undistributed reserves from group subsidiaries

IDH annual rePort 2017  

97

The Group’s dividend policy is to distribute any excess cash after taking into consideration all business cash requirements 
and potential acquisition considerations. The expectation is to distribute profits held within subsidiaries of the Group in 
the near foreseeable future. During 2015 the Egyptian Government imposed a tax on dividends at a rate of 5% of dividends 
distributed from Egyptian entities. As a result a deferred tax liability has been recorded for the future tax expected to be 
incurred from undistributed reserves held within the Group which will be taxed under the new legislation imposed and 
were as follows:

Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical Labs
Alborg Laboratory Company
Integrated Medical Analysis Company
Molecular Diagnostic Center 
Golden Care for Medical Services
Medical Genetics Center
Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group

2017
EGP’000
13,517
17,507
2,582
317
-
47
3,562
37,532

2016
EGP’000 
11,378
11,490
2,192
1,095
677
189
3,154
30,175

	Unrecognized	deferred	tax	assets	
The following deferred tax assets were not recognized due to the uncertainty that those items will have a future tax benefit:

Impairment of trade receivables (Note 16)
Impairment of other receivables (Note 16)
Provision for legal claims (Note 22)

Unrecognized deferred tax asset 

2017

EGP’000

21,784
8,069
2,685
32,538
7,321

2016

EGP’000

19,154
8,068
2,191
29,413
6,618

Earnings per share (EPS) 

10. 
Basic  EPS  is  calculated  by  dividing  the  profit  for  the  year  attributable  to  ordinary  equity  holders  of  the  parent  by  the 
weighted average number of ordinary shares outstanding during the year. There are no dilutive effects from ordinary share 
and no adjustment required to weighted-average numbers of ordinary shares.

The following table reflects the income and share data used in the basic and diluted EPS computation:

Profit attributable to ordinary equity holders of the parent for basic earnings
Weighted average number of ordinary shares for basic and dilutive EPS
Basic and dilutive earnings per share (expressed in EGP)

There is no dilutive effect from equity.

2017
EGP’000
374,023
150,000
2.49

2016
EGP’000
260,399
150,000
1.74

98

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

11. 

Property, plant and equipment

12. 

Intangible assets

Land & 
Buildings
EGP’000

Medical, electric 
& electronic 
equipment
EGP’000

Leasehold       
improvements
EGP’000

Fixtures,	fittings	
& vehicles
EGP’000

Building & 
Leasehold 
improvements 
in construction
EGP’000

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Additions
Disposals
Exchange differences
Transfers
At 31 December 2016
Additions*
Disposals
Exchange differences
Transfers
At 31 December 2017

167,612 
-   
(648)
6,285 
-
173,249 
27,700   

10,825   
-
211,774

Depreciation and impairment
At 1 January 2016
Depreciation charge for 
the year
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2016
Depreciation charge for 
the year
Disposals
Exchange differences
At 31 December 2017
Net book value
At 31 December 2017
At 31 December 2016

19,331 

2,757 

-   
77 
22,165 

2,857   

-   
-   
25,022   

186,752   
151,084 

164,382 
18,138 
(1,994)
15,937 
4,114 
200,577 
41,275 
(2,697)
(1,547)

237,608 

52,690 

22,045 

(1,497)
2,060 
75,298 

33,446 

(2,594)
(154)
105,996 

131,612
125,279 

76,272 
18,050 
(315)
23,646 
1,198 
118,851 
17,788
(888)
(1,037)
12,637
147,351

31,088 

12,947 

(306)
1,280 
45,009 

17,278

(663)
(18)
61,606

85,745
73,842 

31,949 
2,740 
(342)
6,095 
-
40,442 
5,588
(477)
(503)
-
45,050

12,463 

2,475 

(248)
665 
15,355 

3,567

(385)
(34)
18,503

26,547
25,087 

3,576 
4,570 
-   
2,248 
(5,312)
5,082 
50,765 
- 
(80)
(12637)
43,130

-   

-   

-   
-   
-   

- 

- 
- 
- 

43,130 
5,082 

Cost
At 1 January 2016
Additions
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2016
Additions
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2017

Amortisation and impairment
At 1 January 2016
Impairment Loss
Amortisation
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2016
Amortisation
Effect of movements in exchange rates
At 31 December 2017
Net book value
At 31 December 2017
At 31 December 2016

Goodwill

EGP’000

Brand Name

EGP’000

1,231,199
-
26,153 
1,257,352
4,391
(1,290)
1,260,453

-
1,849
-
-
1,849
-
-
1,849

375,026
-
13,066 
388,092
-
(805)
387,287

-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-

1,258,604
1,255,503

387,287
388,092

Total
EGP’000

443,791 
43,498 
(3,299)
54,211 
-   
538,201 
143,116 
(4,062)
7,658 
-   
684,913 

115,572 

40,224 

(2,051)
4,082 
157,827 

57,148 

(3,642)
(206)
211,127 

473,786 
380,374 

IDH annual rePort 2017  

99

Software

EGP’000

32,371
5,039
791   
38,201
6,386
(18)
44,569

22,713
-
4,506
215
27,434
4,774
-
32,208

12,361
10,767

Total

EGP’000

1,638,596
5,039
40,010 
1,683,645
10,777
(2,113)
1,692,309

22,713
1,849
4,506
215
29,283
4,774
-
34,057

1,658,252
1,654,362

*Additions include EGP 60.8m (EGP 23.7m land, EGP 29.3m building) related to the Group’s new Headquarter purchased in April 2017. Included in this 

amount are capitalised borrowing costs related to the improvement of the building of EGP 7.8m. Calculated using capitlisation rate of 20.75% (note 24).  

Leased equipment
The Group leases medical and electric equipment under finance lease arrangements. This equipment is supplied to service 
the Group’s new state-of-the-art Mega Lab. The equipment secures lease obligations, see note 26 for further details. At 31 
December 2017, the net carrying amount of leased equipment was EGP 47m (Dec 2016: EGP 59m).

100

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

Goodwill	and	intangible	assets	with	indefinite	lives

13.	
Goodwill acquired through business combinations and intangible assets with indefinite lives are allocated to the Group’s 
CGUs as follows:

Medical Genetics Center
Goodwill 

Al Makhbariyoun Al Arab Group (“Biolab”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Golden Care for Medical Services (“Ultralab”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Alborg Laboratory Company (“Al-Borg”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Al Mokhtabar Company for Medical Labs (“Al-Mokhtabar”)
Goodwill
Brand name

Balance at 31 December

 2017
EGP’000

1,755
1,755

52,086 
22,746 
74,832 

8,386 
1,156 
9,542 

497,275
142,066
639,341

699,102
221,319
920,421
1,645,891

 2016
EGP’000

1,755
1,755

47,953
23,224
71,177

9,417
1,484
10,901

497,275
142,066
639,341

699,102
221,319
920,421
1,643,595

The Group performed its annual impairment test in October 2017. The Group considers the relationship between its mar-
ket capitalisation and its book value, among other factors, when reviewing for indicators of impairment.

Key assumptions used in value in use calculations and sensitivity to changes in assumptions 
IDH instructed FinCorp Investment Holding (referred to hereafter as “Fincorp”) an independent financial advisor, to pre-
pare  an  independent  impairment  assessment  of  the  Group’s  CGUs.  The  assessment  was  carried  out  based  on  business 
plans provided by IDH.  These plans have been prepared based on criteria set out below: 

Average annual patient growth rate 
from 2018 -2022
Average annual price per test growth 
rate from 2018 -2022
Annual revenue growth rate from 2018 
-2022
Average gross margin from 2018 -2022
Terminal value growth rate from 1 
January 2023
Discount rate

Ultra	Lab

Bio Lab

Al-Mokhtabar

Al-Borg

7%

7%

15%

41%

2%

5%

0%

5%

36%

2%

5%

11%

17%

52%

3.9%

3%

12%

15%

48%

3.9%

25.8%

15.4%

19.58%

19.58%

IDH annual rePort 2017   101

Fincorp has prepared discounted cash flow projections using the key assumptions above so as to be able to calculate the 
net present value of the asset in use and determine the recoverable amount. The projected cash flows from 2018- 2022 have 
been based on detailed forecasts prepared by management for each CGU and a terminal value thereafter. Management 
have used past experience and historic trends achieved in order to determine the key growth rate and margin assumptions 
set out above. The terminal value growth rate applied is not considered to exceed the average growth rate for the industry 
and geographic locations of the CGUs. 

This recoverable amount is then compared to the carrying value of the asset as recorded in the books and records of IDH 
plc.  The discount rate is the pre-tax rate taking into account the risks of each CGU. 

These risks include country risk, currency risk as well as the beta factor relating to the CGU and how it performs relative 
to the market. 

Based on the sensitivity analysis, A 1% change in the WACC would result in a 5-7% change in the valuation of the CGU. 

The conclusions from the impairment review were that there was headroom within the forecasts and therefore no impair-
ment is required.

14.	
The fair values of all financial assets and financial liabilities by class shown in the balance sheet are as follows:

Financial	assets	and	financial	liabilities

Held-to-maturity
Short term deposits - treasury bills
Cash and cash equivalent
Trade and other receivables 
Total financial assets
Financial liabilities measured at amortised cost
Trade and other payables
Put option liability
Finance lease liabilities
Loans and borrowings
Total financial liabilities
Total financial instruments

2017
EGP’000

685,211 
9,149 
174,902 
869,262 

215,176 
93,256 
117,714
60,763
486,909
382,353

2016
EGP’000

683,721 
95,575 
120,873 
900,169 

211,533
102,082
151,799
-
465,414
434,755

The fair values of all of the Group’s financial instruments are the same as their carrying values. All financial instruments 
are deemed Level 2.

Financial instruments risk management objectives and policies
The Group’s principal financial liabilities are trade and other payables, put option liability and finance lease liabilities. The 
Group’s principal financial assets include trade and other receivables, and cash and short-term deposits that derive directly 
from its operations.

The Group is exposed to market risk, credit risk and liquidity risk. The Group’s overall risk management program focuses on 
the unpredictability of markets and seeks to minimize potential adverse effects on the Group’s financial performance. The 
Group’s senior management oversees the management of these risks. The Board of Directors reviews and agrees policies 
for managing each of these risks, which are summarised below. 

102

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

IDH annual rePort 2017   103

The  board  provides  written  principles  for  overall  risk  management,  as  well  as  written  policies  covering  specific  areas, 
such as foreign exchange risk, interest rate risk, and credit risk, use of derivative financial instruments and non-derivative 
financial instruments, and investment of excess liquidity.

Foreign currency risk
Foreign currency risk is the risk that the fair value or future cash flows of an exposure will fluctuate because of changes in 
foreign exchange rates. 

Market risk
Market risk is the risk that the fair value of future cash flows of a financial instrument will fluctuate because of changes in 
market prices. Market risk comprises three types of risk: interest rate risk, currency risk and other price risk, such as equity 
price risk and commodity risk. Financial instruments affected by market risk include loans and borrowings and deposits.    

The sensitivity analyses in the following sections relate to the position as at 31 December in 2017 and 2016. The sensitivity 
analyses have been prepared on the basis that the amount of net debt, the ratio of fixed to floating interest rates of the debt 
and the proportion of financial instruments in foreign currencies are all constant.

The  analyses  exclude  the  impact  of  movements  in  market  variables  on:  the  carrying  values  of  pension  and  other  post-
retirement obligations; provisions; and the non-financial assets and liabilities of foreign operations.The following assump-
tions have been made in calculating the sensitivity analyses:

•	 The sensitivity of the relevant statement of profit or loss item is the effect of the assumed changes in respective market 

risks. This is based on the financial assets and financial liabilities held at 31 December 2017 and 2016.

•	 The sensitivity of equity is calculated by considering the effect of any associated cash flow hedges and hedges of a net 
investment in a foreign subsidiary at 31 December 2017 for the effects of the assumed changes of the underlying risk.

Interest rate risk
The Group adopts a policy of ensuring that between 50 and 55% of this interest rate risk exposure is at a fixed rate. This is 
achieved partially by entering into fixed-rate instrument and partly by borrowing at the floating rate. 

Exposure to interest rate risk
The interest rate profile of the Group’s interest-bearing financial instruments as reported to the management of the group 
is as follow:

Fixed-rate instruments
Finance lease liabilities (note 26)
Variable-rate instruments
Loan and borrowings (note 24)

2017
EGP’000

117,714
60,763

2016
EGP’000

151,799
-

The Group does not account for any fixed-rate financial liabilities at FVTPL. Therefore, a change in interest rates at the 
reporting date would not affect profit or loss. 

Cash flow sensitivity analysis for variable-rate instruments
A reasonable possible change of 100 basis points in interest rates at the reporting date would have increased (decreased) 
profit or loss by the amounts EGP 779K. This analysis assumes that all other variables, remain constant. 

The  Group  operates  internationally  and  is  exposed  to  foreign  exchange  risk  arising  from  various  currency  exposures, 
primarily with respect to the US Dollar, Sudanese Pound and the Jordanian Dinar. Foreign exchange risk arises from to 
the Group’s operating activities (when revenue or expense is denominated in a foreign currency), recognized assets and 
liabilities and net investments in foreign operations. However, the management aims to minimize open positions in foreign 
currencies to the extent that is necessary to conduct its activities.

Management has set up a policy to require group companies to manage their foreign exchange risk against their functional 
currency. Foreign exchange risk arises when future commercial transactions or recognized assets or liabilities are denomi-
nated in a currency that is not the entity’s functional currency.
At year end, major financial assets / (liabilities) denominated in foreign currencies were as follows (the amounts presented 
are shown in the foreign currencies):

Cash 
and  cash 
equivalents 

11,705 
66 
4 
216 
   12,826 

Other  
assets

149
-   
-   
1,816 
11,722 

Assets

Total 
assets

11,854
66 
4
2,032 
24,548 

31-Dec-17

Liabilities

Put option

-
-
-
(3,747)

Finance  
lease

(7,062)
-
-
(334)

Trade  
payables 
and other 
liabilities 
(1,660)
(13)
(197)
(1,228)
(5,316)

Total 
liability

Net 
exposure

(8,722)
(13)
(197)
(5,309)
(5,316)

3,132 
53 
(193)
(3,277)
19,232 

Assets

Liabilities

31-Dec-16

Cash

22,652 
95 
12 
157 
12,652 

Other  
assets

Total 
assets

Put option

203 
-   
-   
1,692 
7,501 

22,855 
95 
12 
1,849 
20,153 

-   
-   
-   
(4,017)
-   

Finance  
lease

(7,866)
-   
-   
-   
-   

Trade  
payables 
and other 
liabilities 
(2,619)
(68)
(211)
(1,147)
(4,023)

Total 
liability

Net 
exposure

(10,485)
(68)
(211)
(5,164)
(4,023)

12,370 
27 
(199)
(3,315)
16,130 

US Dollars
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SDG

US Dollars
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SDG

104

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

The following is the exchange rates applied against EGP:

Average rate for the year ended

US Dollar
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SAR
SDG

US Dollar
Euros 
GBP
JOD
SAR
SDG

2017

17.68
20.05
22.84
24.92
4.71
1.04

2016

10.15 
11.09 
13.43 
14.57 
2.71 
1.20 

Spot rate at the year ended 

31-Dec-17

31-Dec-16

17.67
21.09
23.73
24.89
4.71
0.88

18.00 
18.87 
22.04 
25.41 
4.80 
1.28

At 31 December 2017, if the Egyptian Pounds had weakened / strengthened by 10% against the US Dollar with all other vari-
ables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been increased / decreased by EGP 5,5m (2016: EGP 22.3m), mainly 
as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of US dollar-denominated financial assets and liabilities. The effect 
on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP 6,7m due to the impact from translation of foreign subsidiaries.

At 31 December 2017, if the Egyptian Pounds had weakened / strengthened by 10% against the Jordanian Dinar with all 
other  variables  held  constant,  pre-tax  profit  for  the  year  would  have  been  increased  /  decreased  by  EGP  (8.2m)  (2016: 
EGP (8.4m)), mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of JOD - denominated financial assets and 
liabilities. The effect on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP 8m due to the impact from translation of 
foreign subsidiaries.

At  31  December  2017,  if  the  Egyptian  Pounds  had  weakened  /  strengthened  by  10%  against  the  Sudanese  Pound  with 
all other variables held constant, pre-tax profit for the year would have been increased / decreased by EGP 1.7m (2016: 
EGP 1.8m, mainly as a result of foreign exchange gains/losses on translation of SDG -denominated financial assets and 
liabilities. The effect on equity would have been an increase/decrease by EGP 1.1m due to the impact from translation of 
foreign subsidiaries.

Price risk
The group does not have investments in equity securities or bonds and accordingly is not exposed to price risk related to 
the change in the fair value of the investments.

Credit risk
Credit risk is the risk that a counterparty will not meet its obligations under a financial instrument or customer contract, 
leading to a financial loss. The Group is exposed to credit risk from its operating activities (primarily trade receivables) and 
from its financing activities, including deposits with banks and financial institutions, foreign exchange transactions and 
other financial instruments. 

Credit risk is managed on a group basis, except for credit risk relating to accounts receivable balances. Each local entity is 
responsible for managing and analysing the credit risk for each of their new clients before standard payment and delivery 
terms and conditions are offered. Credit risk arises from cash and cash equivalents, derivative financial instruments and 
deposits with banks and financial institutions, as well as credit exposures to customers, including outstanding receivables 
and committed transactions. 

IDH annual rePort 2017   105

For banks and financial institutions, the Group is only dealing with the banks which have a high independent rating and a 
good reputation.

Trade receivables
Each business unit subject to the Group’s established policy, procedures and control relating to customer credit risk man-
agement manages customer credit risk. Credit quality of a customer is assessed based on an individual credit limits are 
defined in accordance with this assessment. Outstanding customer receivables are regularly monitored and the average 
general credit terms given to contract customers are 45 days.

An impairment analysis is performed at each reporting date on an individual basis for major clients. In addition, a large 
number of minor receivables are grouped into homogenous groups and assessed for impairment collectively. The calcula-
tion is based on actual incurred historical data. The Group does not hold collateral as security.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of each class of financial assets disclosed 
in Note 16. 

Cash and cash equivalents
Credit risk from balances with banks and financial institutions is managed by the Group’s treasury department in accord-
ance with the Group’s policy. Investments of surplus funds are made only with approved counterparties and within credit 
limits  assigned  to  each  counterparty.  Counterparty  credit  limits  are  reviewed  by  the  Group’s  Board  of  Directors  on  an 
annual basis, and may be updated throughout the year subject to approval of the Group’s management. The limits are set 
to minimise the concentration of risks and therefore mitigate financial loss through a counterparty’s potential failure to 
make payments.

The maximum exposure to credit risk at the reporting date is the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents disclosed in Note 17.

Liquidity risk
The Group’s objective is to maintain a balance between continuity of funding and flexibility through the use of finance 
leases and loans.

The table below summarises the maturity profile of the Group’s financial liabilities based on contractual undiscounted payments:

Year ended 31 December 2017
Obligations under finance leases
Put option liability
Loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables

Year ended 31 December 2016
Obligations under finance leases
Put option liability
Loans and borrowings 
Trade and other payables

1 year or less
38,275 
93,256 
14,575 
215,176 
361,282 

1 year or less
48,373 
102,082 
-   
211,533 
361,988 

1 to 5 years
128,726 
-   
38,425 
-   
167,151 

1 to 5 years
152,234 
-   
-   
-   
152,234 

more than 5 years

-   
-   
-   
-   

more than 5 years
8,438 
-   
-   
-   
8,438 

Total
 167,001 
93,256 
53,000 
 215,176 
 528,433 

Total
 209,045 
 102,082 
-   
 211,533 
 522,660 

Cash flow forecasting is performed in the operating entities of the group and aggregated by group finance. Group finance 
monitors rolling forecasts of the group’s liquidity requirements to ensure it has sufficient cash to meet operational needs. 
Such forecasting takes into consideration the group’s compliance with internal financial position ratio targets and, if ap-
plicable external regulatory or legal requirements – for example, currency restrictions.

 
106

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

The  group’s  management  retain  cash  balances  in  order  to  allow  repayment  of  obligations  in  due  dates,  without  taking 
into account any unusual effects which it cannot be predicted such as natural disasters. All suppliers and creditors will be 
repaid over a period not less 30 days from the date of the invoice or the date of the commitment.

15. 

Inventories

Chemicals and operating supplies

2017
EGP’000
69,935
69,935

2016
EGP’000
51,715
51,715

During 2017, EGP 306,641k (2016: EGP 184,087k) was recognised as an expense for inventories carried at net realisable 
value. This was recognised in cost of sales.

16. 

Trade and other receivables

Trade receivables
Prepaid expenses
Receivables due from related parties
Other receivables
Accrued revenue

2017
EGP’000
139,885 
27,353 
6,441 
11,000 
17,576 
202,255 

2016
EGP’000
107,193
27,502
4,294
6,214
3,172
148,375

17. 

Cash and cash equivalent

Cash at banks and on hand
Short-term deposits (less than 3 months)

IDH annual rePort 2017   107

2017
EGP’000

139,974
545,237
685,211

2016
EGP’000

426,578
257,143
683,721

Cash at banks earns interest at floating rates based on daily bank deposit rates. Short-term deposits are made for varying 
periods of between one day and three months, depending on the immediate cash requirements of the Group, and earn 
interest at the respective short-term deposit rates ranging from 15%- 16% per annum.

18. 

Restricted cash

Restricted cash

2017

EGP’000
13,226
13,226

2016

EGP’000
13,253
13,253

The cash balance related to “Molecular Diagnostic Center” and not available for use by the Group because the entity de-
consolidated starting May 2016 and control has been transferred to the liquidator. The process of liquidation will end next 
year 2018 and once complete the total cash amount is expected to be returned to IDH.

19. 

Other investments 

For terms and conditions relating to related party receivables, refer to Note 27.

As at 31 December 2017, trade and other receivables with an initial carrying value of EGP 29,852k (2016: EGP 27,222k) were 
impaired and fully provided for. Below shows the movements in the provision for impairment of trade and other receivables: 

Fixed term deposits
Treasury bills

2017

EGP’000
9,149
-
9,149

2016

EGP’000
90,000
5,575
95,575

At 1 January 
Charge for the year
Utilised
Unused amounts reversed
Exchange differences
At 31 December

2017

EGP’000

27,222 
5,561 
(1,331)
(1,461)
(139)
29,852 

2016

EGP’000

25,098
4,298
-
(2,768)
594
27,222

The maturity date of the fixed term deposit between 9–12 months and the effective interest rate on the USD deposit is 2.25% 
(2016: on the EGP14.65%). 

Fixed term deposits and treasury bills are classified as held to maturity

20. 
The Company’s ordinary share capital is $150,000,000 equivalent to EGP 1,072,500,000.

Share capital and reserve

All shares are authorised and fully paid and have a pair value of $1.

As at 31 December, the ageing analysis of trade receivables is as follows:

2017
2016

Total

Total
139,885
107,193

< 30 days
99,143
54,072

30-60 days
12,111
8,450

61-90 days
6,523
19,477

> 90 days
22,109
25,194

In issue at beginning of the year
In issue at the end of the year

Ordinary shares

Ordinary shares

31-Dec-17
150,000,000
150,000,000

31-Dec-16
150,000,000
150,000,000

 
 
108

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

IDH annual rePort 2017   109

Capital reserve
The capital reserve was created when the Group’s previous parent company, Integrated Diagnostics Holdings LLC – IDH 
(Caymans) arranged its own acquisition by Integrated Diagnostics Holdings PLC, a new legal parent. The balances arising 
represent the difference between the value of the equity structure of the previous and new parent companies. When the 
capital position of the parent company is rearranged, the capital reserve is adjusted appropriately such that the equity 
balances presented in the Group accounts best reflect the underlying structure of the Group’s capital base.

Legal reserves
Legal reserve was formed based on the legal requirements of the Egyptian law governing the Egyptian subsidiaries. Ac-
cording to the Egyptian subsidiaries’ article of association 5% (at least) of the annual net profit is set aside to from a legal 
reserve. The transfer to legal reserve ceases once this reserve reaches 50% of the entity’s issued capital. If the reserve falls 
below the defined level, then the entity is required to resume forming it by setting aside 5% of the annual net profits until it 
reaches 50% of the issued share capital.  

Put option reserve 
Through acquisitions made within the Group, put option arrangements have been entered into to purchase the remaining 
equity interests in subsidiaries from the vendors at a subsequent date. At acquisition date an initial put option liability is 
recognised and a corresponding entry recognised within the put option reserve. After initial recognition the accounting 
policy for put options is to recognise all changes in the carrying value of the liability within put option reserve. When the 
put option is exercised by the vendors the amount recognised within the reserve will be reversed.

Translation reserve
The foreign currency translation reserve is used to record exchange differences arising from the translation of the financial 
statements of foreign subsidiaries, including gains or losses arising on net investment hedges.

22. 

Provision

At 1 January 2017
Provision made during the year
Provision used during the year
Provision reversed during the year
At 31 December 2017
Current
Non- Current

At 1 January 2016
Provision made during the year
Provision used during the year
Provision reversed during the year
At 31 December 2016
Current
Non- Current

Egyptian Government Training Fund for 
employees
EGP’000
10,011
2,003
-
-
12,014
-
12,014 

Egyptian Government Training Fund for 
employees 
EGP’000
7,995
2,016
-
-
10,011
-
10,011

Provision for 
legal claims
EGP’000
2,191
1,533
(39)
(1,000)
2,685
-
2,685 

Provision for 
legal claims 
EGP’000
2,967
208
(267)
(717)
2,191
-
2,191

Total
EGP’000

12,202
3,536
(39)
(1,000)
14,699
-
14,699 

Total 
EGP’000

10,962
2,224
(267)
(717)
12,202
-
12,202

21. 

Distributions made and proposed

Cash dividends on ordinary shares declared and paid:
US$ 0.14 per qualifying ordinary share (2016: US$ 0.06)

2017 
EGP’000

371,875
371,875

2016 
EGP’000

79,470
79,470

Employees training provision
The provision for employees training fund have been provided for in accordance with the Egyptian law and regulations.

Legal claims provision
The amount comprises the gross provision in respect of legal claims brought against the Group. Management’s opinion, 
after  taking  appropriate  legal  advice,  is  that  the  outcome  of  these  legal  claims  will  not  give  rise  to  any  significant  loss 
beyond the amounts provided as at 31 December 2017.

After the balance sheet date the following dividends were proposed by the 
directors (the dividends have not been provided for):
US$0.16 per share (2016: $0.14) per share

424,080

371,875

23. 

Trade and other payables

The proposed 2017 dividend on ordinary shares are subject to approval at the annual general meeting and is not recognised 
as a liability as at 31 December 2017.

Trade payables
Accrued expenses 
Other payables
Put option liability 
Accrued interest
Finance lease liabilities

2017
EGP’000
    126,140 
     73,821 
     15,215 
     93,256 
       7,763 
     17,237 
     333,4322 

2016
EGP’000
126,069
77,646
7,818
102,082
-
32,161
345,776

The accounting policy for put options after initial recognition is to recognise all changes in the carring value of the put 
liability within equity. 

Through the historic acquisitions of Makhbariyoun Al Arab the Group entered into separate put option arrangements to 
purchase the remaining equity interests from the vendors at a subsequent date. At acquisition a put option liability has 
been recognised for the net present value for the exercise price of the option.

110

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

The options are exercisable in whole from the fifth anniversary of completion of the original purchase agreement, which fell 
due in June 2016. The vendor has not exercised this right at 31 December 2017.

Loan and borrowings

24. 
In April 2017 AL-Mokhtabar for medical lab, one of  IDH subsidiaries, was granted a medium term loan amounting to EGP 
110m from Commercial international bank “CIB Egypt” to finance the purchase of the new administrative building for the 
group. As at 31 December 2017 only EGP 53m had been drawn down from the total facility available. The loan contains the 
following financial covenants which if breached will mean the loan is repayable on demand:

1.  The financial leverage shall not exceed the following percentages  

Year
%

2017
2.33

2018
1.71

2019
1.32

2020
1.04

2021
0.85

2022
0.73

“Financial leverage”: total liabilities divided by net equity

2. 

 The debt service ratios (DSR) shall not be less than 1.
“Debt service ratios”: cash operating profit after tax plus Depreciation for the financial year less annual mainte-
nance on machinery and equipment divided by total distributions plus accrued interest and loan instalments.

3.  The current ratios shall not be less than 1.

“Current ratios”: Current assets divided current liabilities.

4.  The capital expansions in AL Mokhtabar company shall not exceed EGP 20m per year, other than year 2017which 
includes in addition the value of the building financed by EGP 110m loan facility. This condition is valid throughout 
the term of the loan.

The agreement includes other non-financial covenants which relate to the impact of material events on the Company and 
the consequential ability to repay the loan.

The terms and conditions of outstanding loans are as follows:

currency

EGP

Nominal 
interest rate
CBE corridor 
rate+1%

CIB ـــ BANK

-
Amount held as:
Current liability
Non- current 
liability 

25.	

Long-term	financial	obligations

Finance lease liabilities (see note 26)

Maturity 

31	Dec	17 

31	Dec	16 

Apr-22

53,000

53,000

14,575

38,425

53,000

2017
EGP’000
100,478
100,478

-

-

-

-

-

2016
EGP’000
119,638
119,638

26. 

Commitments and contingencies

Operating lease commitments 
Non-cancellable operating lease rentals are payable as follows:

Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

IDH annual rePort 2017   111

2017 
EGP’000

50,072
178,938
101,343
330,353 

2016 
EGP’000

39,805
139,466
81,868
261,139

The Group lease certain branches for the operation of the business. During the year EGP 51,478K was recognised as an 
expense in the income statement in respect of operating leases (2016: EGP 32,234K).

Finance lease 
The Group has finance leases for various items of plant and machinery. Future minimum lease payments under finance 
leases and hire purchase contracts, together with the present value of the net minimum lease payments are, as follows:

Finance lease liability – laboratory equipment
Finance lease liability – other

Finance lease liabilities for the laboratory equipment are payable as follows:

At 31 December 2017

Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

At 31 December 2016

Less than one year
Between one and five years
More than five years

Minimum lease 
payments

2017
EGP’000

35,549
126,938
-
162,487

Minimum lease 
payments

2016
EGP’000

47,834
150,971
8,438
207,243

2017
EGP’000

114,727
2,987
117,714

Interest

2017
EGP’000

19,512
28,248
-
47,760

Interest

2016
EGP’000

16,212
38,628
2,407
57,247

2016
EGP’000

74,023
461
151,799

Principal

2017
EGP’000

16,037
98,690
-
114,727

Principal

2016
EGP’000

31,622
112,343
6,031
149,996

The Group entered into 2 significant agreements during the prior year ended 31 December 2015 to service the Group’s new 
state-of-the-art Mega Lab.Both agreements have minimum annual commitment payments to cover the supply of medical 
diagnostic equipment, kits and chemicals to be used for testing and ongoing maintenance and support services over the 
term of the agreement. The agreement periods are 5 and 8 years which is deemed to reflect the useful life of the equipment. 
If the minimum annual commitment payments are met over the agreement period ownership of the equipment supplied 
will legally transfer to the IDH. Management fully expect to be able to fulfil the minimum payments and the basis of treating 
the proportion of payments relating to the supply of equipment as a finance lease.

 
 
 
112

IDH annual rePort 2017 

Financial Statements

Management have performed a fair value exercise in order to allocate payments between the different elements of the ar-
rangements and identify the implicit interest rate of the finance lease. Due to the difficulty in reliably splitting the payments 
for the supply of medical equipment from the total payments made, the finance asset and liability has been recognised at 
an amount equal to the fair value of the underlying equipment. This is based on the current cost price of the equipment 
supplied provided by the suppliers of the agreement. The implicit interest rate of both finance leases has been estimated 
to be 11.5%. The equipment is being depreciated based on units of production method as this most closely reflects the 
consumption of the benefits from the equipment.

Both agreements have been judged to be US$ denominated due to the future minimum lease payments for the use of the 
equipment and corresponding finance lease liability being directly connected to the US$. 

Contingent liabilities
There are no contingent liabilities relating to the group’s transactions and commitment with banks.

Related party disclosures

27. 
The significant transactions with related parties, their nature volumes and balance during the period 31 December 2017 
and 2016 are as follows:

Related Party

Nature of transaction Nature of relationship

Life Scan (S.A.E)*

International Fertility (IVF)**

Dr. Hend Elshrbini***

Integrated Treatment for Kidney 
Diseases (S.A.E)

Total

Affiliate**

Affiliate***

CEO**

Entity owned by 
Company’s CEO

Expenses paid on 
behalf    
Expenses paid on 
behalf
Loan arrangement

Rental income
Medical Test 
analysis

Related Party

Nature of transaction Nature of relationship

Life Scan (S.A.E)**

International Fertility (IVF)***

Integrated Treatment for Kidney 
Diseases (S.A.E)

Total

Affiliate**

Affiliate***

Entity owned by 
Company’s CEO

Expenses paid on 
behalf    
Expenses paid on 
behalf

Rental income
Medical Test 
analysis

31-Dec-17

Transaction amount 
of the year
EGP’000

Amount due from
EGP’000

1

2,240

164,483

296

33 

31-Dec-16

278

6,000

-

163

6,441

Transaction amount 
of the year
EGP’000

Amount due from
EGP’000

-

3,760

274

53

277

3,760

53

4,090

* Life Scan is a company whose shareholders include Dr. Moamena Kamel ( founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs).

** International Fertility (IVF) is a company whose shareholders include Dr. Moamena Kamel ( founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs).

*** During the year 2017 Dr. Hend (C.E.O) granted 2 loans to IDH Cayman amounting to US$ 9m. and the loan was settled by Al Mokhtabar on behalf of 

IDH Cayman for EGP 164m at the prevailing exchange rate of US$/EGP 18.35 – 17.82. The loan was not interest bearing. 

The transactions with related parties are conducted based on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions.

IDH annual rePort 2017   113

Terms and conditions of transactions with related parties
The transactions with the related parties are made on terms equivalent to those that prevail in arm’s length transactions. 
Outstanding  balances  at  the  year-end  are  unsecured  and  interest  free  and  settlement  occurs  in  cash.  There  have  been 
no guarantees provided or received for any related party receivables or payables. For the year ended 31 December 2017, 
the Group has not recorded any impairment of receivables relating to amounts owed by related parties (2016: nil). This 
assessment is undertaken each financial year through examining the financial position of the related party and the market 
in which the related party operates.

IDH commits up to 1% of the net after-tax profit of the subsidiaries Al Borg and Al Mokhtabar to the Moamena Kamel 
Foundation  for  Training  and  Skill  Development.  Established  in  2006  by  Dr.  Moamena  Kamel,  a  Professor  of  Pathology 
at Cairo University and founder of IDH subsidiary Al-Mokhtabar Labs and mother to the CEO Dr. Hend El Sherbini. The 
Foundation allocates this sum to organizations and groups in need of assistance. The foundation deploys an integrated 
program and vision for the communities it helps that include economic, social, and healthcare development initiatives. In 
2017 EGP 3,674K (2015: EGP 2,740K) was paid to the foundation by the IDH Group.

Compensation of key management personnel of the Group
The amounts disclosed in the table are the amounts recognised as an expense during the reporting period related to key 
management personnel.

Short-term employee benefits
Total compensation paid to key management personnel

2017
EGP’000
32,426
32,426

2016
EGP’000
23,085
23,085

Subsequent events

28. 
Integrated Diagnostics Holdings (“IDH”), and Man Capital LLP (“Man Capital”), the investment arm of the Mansour Group, 
jointly announced their first investment in Nigeria’s promising healthcare industry.

The investment will see Dynasty Group (“Dynasty”), a venture that is 51% owned by IDH, partner with the International 
Finance  Corporation  (“IFC”),  a  member  of  the  World  Bank  Group,  to  invest  in  Eagle  Eye  Echo-Scan  Services  Limited 
(“Echo-Scan”), a leading medical diagnostics business based in Nigeria.

The transaction will see Dynasty acquire a majority stake in Echo-Scan and assume management control of the company, 
while  both  Dynasty  and  the  IFC  will  invest  USD  20  million  and  USD  5  million  respectively  to  expand  Echo-  Scan’s  na-
tionwide service offering, footprint, and quality standards. Over the coming year, Echo- Scan will refurbish and upgrade 
existing locations as well as significantly augment its number of branches. 

In February 2018, IDH transferred MUSD 2.69 to Dynasty.  Dynasty in its turn transferred MUSD 4.5, representing its con-
tribution in Eagle Eye Nigeria.

On 22 January 2018, the transaction completed but the accounting for the transaction has not been finalised and as such 
detailed the fair value of the identifiable assets and liabilities acquired together with the Goodwill acquired is not available 
for disclosure at present.

The shareholders structure of the transaction, Dynasty acquires 75.8%, International Finance Corporation (“IFC”) 19.1% 
and 5.1% other founders.

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